期刊
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
卷 37, 期 3, 页码 890-901出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X16647398
关键词
cortical spreading depression; microglia; high-mobility group box I; Toll-like receptors; cathepsin D
资金
- JSPS KAKENHI [26460706, 22390132]
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Pfizer Inc. [WS1878886]
- Keio University Doctorate Student
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26460706, 22390132, 26350981] Funding Source: KAKEN
Single episodes of cortical spreading depression (CSD) are believed to cause typical migraine aura, whereas clusters of spreading depolarizations have been observed in cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. We recently demonstrated that the release of high-mobility group box I (HMGBI) from cortical neurons after CSD in a rodent model is dependent on the number of CSD episodes, such that only multiple CSD episodes can induce significant HMGBI release. Here, we report that only multiple CSD inductions caused microglial hypertrophy (activation) accompanied by a greater impact on the transcription activity of the HMGBI receptor genes, TLR2 and TLR4, while the total number of cortical microglia was not affected. Both an HMGBI-neurtalizing antibody and the HMGBI inhibitor glycyrrhizin abrogated multiple CSD-induced microglial hypertrophy. Moreover, multiple CSD inductions failed to induce microglial hypertrophy in TLR2/4 double knockout mice. These results strongly implicate the HMGBI-TLR2/4 axis in the activation of microglia following multiple CSD inductions. Increased expression of the lysosomal acid hydrolase cathepsin D was detected in activated microglia by immunostaining, suggesting that lysosomal phagocytic activity may be enhanced in multiple CSD-activated microglia.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据