Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Andreas Wack
Summary: A new study compares severe and moderate cases of COVID-19 and finds a link between defects in viral sensing, interferon and antigen presentation pathways, as well as upregulated apoptosis and inflammatory pathways, to high COVID-19 severity.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Martner, Hanna Grauers Wiktorin, Andreas Tornell, Johan Ringlander, Mohammad Arabpour, Magnus Lindh, Martin Lagging, Staffan Nilsson, Kristoffer Hellstrand
Summary: This study identified two phases of T cell reactivity in COVID-19 patients: an early transient response and a durable cell memory.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bahire Kalfaoglu, Jose Almeida-Santos, Chanidapa Adele Tye, Yorifumi Satou, Masahiro Ono
Summary: Research indicates that T-cells play crucial roles in the immunity to COVID-19, with dysregulation noted in severe cases. The impairment of FOXP3 induction in CD4(+) T-cells may lead to abnormal T-cell responses, while hyperactivated T-cells could potentially contribute to dysregulation and tissue destruction in severe COVID-19 patients.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Andre, Morgane Picard, Renaud Cezar, Florence Roux-Dalvai, Aurelie Alleaume-Butaux, Calaiselvy Soundaramourty, Andre Santa Cruz, Ana Mendes-Frias, Clarisse Gotti, Mickael Leclercq, Alexandre Nicolas, Alexandra Tauzin, Alexandre Carvalho, Carlos Capela, Jorge Pedrosa, Antonio Gil Castro, Lucy Kundura, Paul Loubet, Albert Sotto, Laurent Muller, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Claire Roger, Pierre-Geraud Claret, Sandra Duvnjak, Tu-Anh Tran, Gina Racine, Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid, Pierre Nioche, Ricardo Silvestre, Arnaud Droit, Fabrizio Mammano, Pierre Corbeau, Jerome Estaquier
Summary: By comparing COVID-19 patients with healthy donors, the study found a strong correlation between T cell apoptosis and lymphopenia in severe cases. The plasma levels of soluble FasL (sFasL) and T cell surface expression of Fas/CD95 were positively correlated with T cell death and CD4 T cell counts. The study also identified modulations in the Bcl-2 family and demonstrated the potential of a pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD, to prevent T cell apoptosis and enhance Th1 transcripts.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mehrnoush Hadaddzadeh Shakiba, Ioanna Gemuend, Marc Beyer, Lorenzo Bonaguro
Summary: This mini-review examines the role of T cells in COVID-19, with a particular focus on the local immune response in the lung. The study discusses the reported T cell phenotypes in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, highlighting the protective and damaging roles of the T cell response in lung inflammation and pointing out some unanswered questions in the field.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew C. Yang, Fabian Kern, Patricia M. Losada, Maayan R. Agam, Christina A. Maat, Georges P. Schmartz, Tobias Fehlmann, Julian A. Stein, Nicholas Schaum, Davis P. Lee, Kruti Calcuttawala, Ryan T. Vest, Daniela Berdnik, Nannan Lu, Oliver Hahn, David Gate, M. Windy McNerney, Divya Channappa, Inma Cobos, Nicole Ludwig, Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer, Andreas Keller, Tony Wyss-Coray
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 exhibited widespread cellular perturbations in the brain, including the relay of peripheral inflammation into the brain by choroid plexus barrier cells and infiltration of peripheral T cells. Additionally, COVID-19 affected synaptic signaling of upper-layer excitatory neurons linked to cognitive function.
Article
Immunology
Antti Hurme, Pinja Jalkanen, Jemna Heroum, Oona Liedes, Saimi Vara, Merit Melin, Johanna Teraesjaervi, Qiushui He, Sakari Poeysti, Arno Haenninen, Jarmo Oksi, Tytti Vuorinen, Anu Kantele, Paula A. Taehtinen, Lauri Ivaska, Laura Kakkola, Johanna Lempainen, Ilkka Julkunen
Summary: Despite the emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, vaccines can still provide protection against Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants for at least 6 months.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Georg, Rosario Astaburuaga-Garcia, Lorenzo Bonaguro, Sophia Brumhard, Laura Michalick, Lena J. Lippert, Tomislav Kostevc, Christiane Gaebel, Maria Schneider, Mathias Streitz, Vadim Demichev, Ioanna Gemuend, Matthias Barone, Pinkus Tober-Lau, Elisa T. Helbig, David Hillus, Lev Petrov, Julia Stein, Hannah-Philine Dey, Daniela Paclik, Christina Iwert, Michael Muelleder, Simran Kaur Aulakh, Sonja Djudjaj, Roman D. Buelow, Henrik E. Mei, Axel R. Schulz, Andreas Thiel, Stefan Hippenstiel, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Roland Eils, Irina Lehmann, Marcus A. Mall, Sebastian Stricker, Jobst Roehmel, Victor M. Corman, Dieter Beule, Emanuel Wyler, Markus Landthaler, Benedikt Obermayer, Saskia von Stillfried, Peter Boor, Munevver Demir, Hans Wesselmann, Norbert Suttorp, Alexander Uhrig, Holger Mueller-Redetzky, Jacob Nattermann, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Christian Meisel, Markus Ralser, Joachim L. Schultze, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Charlotte Thibeault, Florian Kurth, Leif E. Sander, Nils Bluethgen, Birgit Sawitzki
Summary: Severe COVID-19 is associated with highly activated CD16(+) T cells that exhibit cytotoxic functions and contribute to endothelial injury. These CD16(+) T cells can degranulate and induce cytotoxicity through immune-complex-mediated mechanisms independent of the T cell receptor, which is not observed in other diseases. The presence of activated CD16(+) T cells and elevated levels of complement proteins upstream of C3a are associated with a fatal outcome of COVID-19, indicating the pathological role of enhanced cytotoxicity and complement activation in the disease.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Jeffery J. Auletta
Summary: In this study, the T-cell immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy were investigated. The findings suggest that these patients may have immune protection against COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Dmitry Kudlay, Ilya Kofiadi, Musa Khaitov
Summary: Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, especially the T cell response, is crucial for vaccine development and disease control strategies. This review summarizes studies on the immune response to coronavirus infections, provides insights into T cell components, and presents the most informative methods for assessing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hang Cao, Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz, Janet Raja Xavier, Mohamad Nasir Shafiee, Aida Kalok, Babban Jee, Madhuri S. Salker, Yogesh Singh
Summary: This study found that pregnant women who have recovered from COVID-19 have reduced production of several exosomes and possess fewer immunogenic properties. The research suggests that exosomes may limit infection in pregnant women by controlling inflammation and antigen presentation capacity of immune cells.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jing Xu, Xiao-xiao Li, Na Yuan, Chao Li, Jin-gang Yang, Li-ming Cheng, Zhong-xin Lu, Hong-yan Hou, Bo Zhang, Hui Hu, Yu Qian, Xin-xuan Liu, Guo-chao Li, Yue-dan Wang, Ming Chu, Chao-ran Dong, Fan Liu, Qing-gang Ge, Yue-jin Yang
Summary: In this study, T cell receptor (TCR) profiles in the blood of 192 COVID-19 patients and 81 healthy controls were analyzed using high-throughput TCRβ sequencing. The study found that COVID-19 patients had decreased diversity of TCR clonotypes compared to healthy controls, but the overall abundance of dominant clones increased with disease severity. Significant differences in genomic rearrangement of variable, joining, and VJ pairings were also identified between patient groups. The study also found that the SARS-CoV-2-associated TCRs identified could accurately differentiate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and distinguish those with moderate symptoms from those with more severe forms of the disease. These findings indicate that TCR repertoires can be informative biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia D. Vavilova, Maria O. Ustiuzhanina, Anna A. Boyko, Maria A. Streltsova, Sofya A. Kust, Leonid M. Kanevskiy, Rustam N. Iskhakov, Alexander M. Sapozhnikov, Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova, Marina S. Drutskaya, Mikhail V. Bychinin, Oksana N. Novikova, Anna G. Sotnikova, Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Elena I. Kovalenko
Summary: The activation and differentiation of NKT-like cells and CD56(-) T cells in COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Severe COVID-19 was associated with a decrease in CD8(+) T cells and a shift towards more differentiated cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. COVID-19 progression was indicated by decreased percentages of NKG2D(+) and NKG2A(+) cells and increased PD-1 and HLA-DR expression levels in both CD56(-) and CD56(+) T cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Victoria Matyushenko, Irina Isakova-Sivak, Igor Kudryavtsev, Arina Goshina, Anna Chistyakova, Ekaterina Stepanova, Polina Prokopenko, Ivan Sychev, Larisa Rudenko
Summary: Stimulation of immune cells with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed a decline in effector memory CD8(+) T cells but not CD4(+) T cells after recovery from COVID-19. These findings are crucial for understanding the development and persistence of cellular immune responses after natural infection.
Article
Immunology
Juwon Park, Logan S. Dean, Boonyanudh Jiyarom, Louie Mar Gangcuangco, Parthav Shah, Thomas Awamura, Lauren L. Ching, Vivek R. Nerurkar, Dominic C. Chow, Fritzie Igno, Cecilia M. Shikuma, Gehan Devendra
Summary: A study has found that COVID-19 convalescents exhibit altered monocytes and increased activated monocyte subsets, which may impact pulmonary function even in convalescents with no residual symptoms. This observation will aid in understanding the development and therapeutic interventions for pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)