Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Xin Zhao, Rong Zhang, Shitong Qiao, Xiao Wang, Weibing Zhang, Wenjing Ruan, Lianpan Dai, Pengcheng Han, George F. Gao
Summary: This study found that neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants was reduced with both the inactivated and ZF2001 vaccines in China. However, heterologous boosting and a longer interval between doses resulted in higher neutralization levels.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Xin Zhao, Rong Zhang, Shitong Qiao, Xiao Wang, Weibing Zhang, Wenjing Ruan, Lianpan Dai, Pengcheng Han, George F. Gao
Summary: This study indicates that neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants was reduced with both the inactivated and ZF2001 vaccines in China. However, heterologous boosting and a longer interval between doses resulted in higher neutralization levels.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryuta Uraki, Maki Kiso, Shun Iida, Masaki Imai, Emi Takashita, Makoto Kuroda, Peter J. Halfmann, Samantha Loeber, Tadashi Maemura, Seiya Yamayoshi, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Zhongde Wang, Mutsumi Ito, Michiko Ujie, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Yuri Furusawa, Ryan Wright, Zhenlu Chong, Seiya Ozono, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Hiroshi Ueki, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Rong Li, Yanan Liu, Deanna Larson, Michiko Koga, Takeya Tsutsumi, Eisuke Adachi, Makoto Saito, Shinya Yamamoto, Masao Hagihara, Keiko Mitamura, Tetsuro Sato, Masayuki Hojo, Shin-ichiro Hattori, Kenji Maeda, Riccardo Valdez, Moe Okuda, Jurika Murakami, Calvin Duong, Sucheta Godbole, Daniel C. Douek, Ken Maeda, Shinji Watanabe, Aubree Gordon, Norio Ohmagari, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Michael S. Diamond, Hideki Hasegawa, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Tadaki Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Summary: The replicative ability and pathogenicity of Omicron BA.2 variant is similar to that of BA.1 in rodents, but it shows less pathogenicity compared to early SARS-CoV-2 strains. There is a marked reduction in the neutralizing activity of plasma from individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and vaccine recipients against BA.2 variant.
Article
Immunology
Aidibai Simayi, Chuchu Li, Cong Chen, Yin Wang, Chen Dong, Hua Tian, Xiaoxiao Kong, Lu Zhou, Jiefu Peng, Shihan Zhang, Fengcai Zhu, Jianli Hu, Ke Xu, Hui Jin, Huafeng Fan, Changjun Bao, Liguo Zhu
Summary: This study found that the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in breakthrough cases of the Omicron BA.2 variant are higher than in the post-immunized population. The difference in NAb levels can be used to identify early infected individuals in an outbreak epidemic when nucleic acid test results are negative.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Guo, Guangshun Zhang, Qi Yang, Xiaowei Xie, Yang Lu, Xuelian Cheng, Hui Wang, Jingxi Liang, Jielin Tang, Yuxin Gao, Hang Shang, Jun Dai, Yongxia Shi, Jiaxi Zhou, Jun Zhou, Hangtian Guo, Haitao Yang, Jianwei Qi, Lijun Liu, Shihui Ma, Biao Zhang, Qianyu Huo, Yi Xie, Junping Wu, Fang Dong, Song Zhang, Zhiyong Lou, Yan Gao, Zidan Song, Wenming Wang, Zixian Sun, Xiaoming Yang, Dongsheng Xiong, Fengjiang Liu, Xinwen Chen, Ping Zhu, Ximo Wang, Tao Cheng, Zihe Rao
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant can evade most currently approved neutralizing antibodies, highlighting the need for the development of pan-variant antivirals. Convalescent plasma from breakthrough infection shows potential in identifying elite neutralizing antibodies that provide broad protection against variants. The study found that antibodies derived from specific germlines exhibited potent neutralizing activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 sublineages, and a cocktail therapy of these antibodies provided potent protection in animal models.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad Al-Aly, Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie
Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophia T. Tan, Ada T. Kwan, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Benjamin J. Singer, Hailey J. Park, Joseph A. Lewnard, David Sears, Nathan C. Lo
Summary: The study found that both vaccine-derived and naturally acquired immunity can reduce the infectiousness of individuals with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infections in a prison setting. Vaccinated individuals, especially those who received booster doses and were recently vaccinated, have lower infectiousness.
Article
Immunology
Li Guo, Qiao Zhang, Jingchuan Zhong, Lan Chen, Wentao Jiang, Tingxuan Huang, Yanan Li, Yin Zhang, Liuhui Xu, Xinming Wang, Yan Xiao, Ying Wang, Xiaojing Dong, Tao Dong, Yanchun Peng, Biao Zhang, Yan Xie, Hongmei Gao, Zhongyang Shen, Lili Ren, Tao Cheng, Jianwei Wang
Summary: We report that BA.1 breakthrough infection in vaccinees of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines induces adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and Omicron sublineages. The breakthrough infection individuals showed stronger immune responses, including mucosal sIgA and higher IgG titers, compared to vaccine naive-infected individuals. However, the immune responses against Omicron sublineages were less extensive than those against the prototype strain, and Omicron variants emerged after the BA.4/5 strain evaded the neutralizing antibody responses. These findings have important implications for understanding vaccine effectiveness and immune responses to breakthrough infection.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Zou, Hongjie Xia, Xuping Xie, Chaitanya Kurhade, Rafael R. G. Machado, Scott C. Weaver, Ping Ren, Pei-Yong Shi
Summary: The spread of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant highlights the importance of analyzing the cross-protection provided by previous non-Omicron infections. A new study shows that patients with prior non-Omicron infections do not develop strong neutralization against Omicron. This supports the vaccination of previously infected individuals to mitigate the impact of the ongoing Omicron surge.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexander Muik, Bonny Gaby Lui, Maren Bacher, Ann-Kathrin Wallisch, Aras Toker, Andrew Finlayson, Kimberly Krueger, Orkun Ozhelvaci, Katharina Grikscheit, Sebastian Hoehl, Sandra Ciesek, Oezlem Tuereci, Ugur Sahint
Summary: This study investigates the serum neutralizing activity of individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 vaccine after breakthrough infection with Omicron BA.2 variant. The results demonstrate that their sera have broad neutralizing activity against previous variants of concern and all tested Omicron sublineages. Furthermore, the neutralization of different sublineages is driven by antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike glycoprotein.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Arlene G. Seid, Tigist Yirko, Sameera Sayeed, Nottasorn Plipat
Summary: A 42-year-old man with up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination experienced symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in December 2021. He was initially infected with a non-Omicron variant and later had symptomatic infection with the BA.1.1 (Omicron) variant after recovery.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yuntao Zhang, Wenjie Tan, Zhiyong Lou, Yuxiu Zhao, Jin Zhang, Hongyang Liang, Na Li, Xiujuan Zhu, Ling Ding, Baoying Huang, Weimin Zhou, Yancen Guo, Zhaona Yang, Yuling Qiao, Zhenyu He, Bo Ma, Yao He, Di Zhu, Zhanhui Wang, Zhen Chang, Xue Zhao, Wei Wang, Ying Xu, Huiqin Zhu, Xiaotong Zheng, Chenlong Wang, Guangxue Xu, Guizhen Wu, Hui Wang, Xiaoming Yang
Summary: This study reports the pilot-scale production of an inactivated Omicron vaccine candidate that induces high levels of neutralizing antibody titers to protect against the Omicron virus. The results demonstrate that the inactivated Omicron vaccine is safe and effective in recalling immune responses to HB02, Omicron, and Delta viruses after one or two doses of BBIBP-CorV. Additionally, the manufactured inactivated vaccine shows efficient productivity and good genetic stability.
Article
Immunology
Elisa Regenhardt, Holger Kirsten, Melanie Weiss, Christoph Luebbert, Sebastian N. Stehr, Yvonne Remane, Corinna Pietsch, Mario Hoenemann, Amrei von Braun
Summary: Understanding breakthrough infections of SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated healthcare workers is crucial in controlling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare facilities. A cohort study was conducted to investigate acute SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated employees. The majority of breakthrough infections were symptomatic, with high viral loads and prolonged shedding. Neutralizing antibody titers were highest for the wildtype, intermediate for Delta, and lowest for Omicron variants. Lower levels of anti-RBD-IgG were associated with higher viral loads for both variants. Overall, the clinical course of infection was mild to moderate, but immune response waned over time.
Article
Immunology
Xiaomeng He, Yingyin Cao, Yanmei Lu, Furong Qi, Haiyan Wang, Xuejiao Liao, Gang Xu, Biao Yang, Junhua Ma, Dapeng Li, Xian Tang, Zheng Zhang
Summary: Nasopharyngeal immune responses play a crucial role in defending against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Breakthrough infections often occur due to mutant variants and incomplete mucosal immunity, especially in the upper respiratory tract. A study investigating vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infections and unvaccinated individuals with natural infections revealed that vaccination potentially strengthens innate immune barriers and virus-specific memory immune cell responses in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. This highlights the importance of a nasal boost after intramuscular immunization.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gregory Mathez, Trestan Pillonel, Claire Bertelli, Valeria Cagno
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to evolve and undergo selective pressure. In an ex vivo cell model, the Alpha and Omicron BA.1 variants showed no adaptation in the spike protein, suggesting the role of adaptive immune response or other anatomical sites in the evolution of the virus.
Article
Virology
Jiratchaya Puenpa, Patthaya Rattanakomol, Nutsada Saengdao, Jira Chansaenroj, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Kamol Suwannakarn, Somchai Thanasitthichai, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study investigated the molecular characteristics and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Thailand from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that different variants, including B.1.36.16, B.1.1.7, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529, caused outbreaks in different waves. Continued molecular surveillance is crucial for monitoring emerging variants.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Fajar Budi Lestari, Kirkvich Chandranoi, Watchaporn Chuchaona, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: A 2-year-old indoor female Siamese cat with bloody mucoid diarrhea was diagnosed with rotavirus group A infection by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genetic analysis revealed a unique G3P[9] genome constellation in this feline rotavirus strain, indicating genetic reassortment had occurred between human feline-like and human bovine-like rotaviruses.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sitthichai Kanokudom, Jira Chansaenroj, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Suvichada Assawakosri, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Ratchadawan Aeemjinda, Nongkanok Khanarat, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Sirapa Klinfueng, Thanunrat Thongmee, Apirat Katanyutanon, Wichai Thanasopon, Jirawan Arayapong, Withak Withaksabut, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Sittisak Honsawek, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study reports the safety and immunogenicity of a protein subunit vaccine (CovovaxTM) as a booster dose for individuals with different primary vaccine regimens. The results showed that CovovaxTM vaccine could effectively induce immune responses, eliciting high levels of binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies, with good safety profiles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Harit Phowatthanasathian, Jira Chansaenroj, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Suvichada Assawakosri, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Sirapa Klinfueng, Thanunrat Thongmee, Ratchadawan Aeemjinda, Nongkanok Khanarat, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn, Warangkana Chantima, Pattarakul Pakchotanon, Thaneeya Duangchinda, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: A prospective cohort study in Thailand compared the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a two-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine regimen, a one or two doses of inactivated vaccine followed by an mRNA vaccine regimen in healthy children between 5 and 11 years old. Overall, 166 eligible children were enrolled. The two-dose BNT162b2 and two-dose BBIBP-CorV followed by BNT162b2 groups showed higher neutralizing activities against the Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 variants compared to the CoronaVac followed by BNT162b2 group.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Napa Pruetarat, Nasiri Sarawanangkoor, Kanchana Phanphanit, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn, Thanunrat Thongmee, Nawarat Posuwan, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study compared the immunogenicity of the Shan-5 vaccine with the optional Quinvaxem and Infanrix-hexa vaccines. The results showed that the immunogenicity of the Shan-5 vaccine was similar to the hexavalent vaccine, but higher than the Quinvaxem vaccine.
Article
Virology
Jiratchaya Puenpa, Vorthon Sawaswong, Pattaraporn Nimsamer, Sunchai Payungporn, Patthaya Rattanakomol, Nutsada Saengdao, Jira Chansaenroj, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Kamol Suwannakarn, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study conducted complete genome sequencing of 210 samples to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Thailand and their evolutionary history, revealing multiple lineage introductions before the emergence of the omicron variant. The evolutionary rate for the spike gene of SARS-CoV-2 was estimated, and certain predominant mutations in the ORF3a gene were identified during the Thailand outbreaks. Complete genome sequencing can enhance the prediction of future variant changes and is crucial for vaccine strain development.
Article
Immunology
Teeraporn C. Bureerug, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Suvichada Assawakosri, Thanunrat Thongmee, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the level of anti-S1 IgA in the serum of participants immunized with different COVID-19 vaccination regimens. The findings showed that heterologous boosters, especially after priming with an inactivated vaccine, elicited higher IgA levels than homologous boosters. Vaccination with SV/SV/PF produced the highest IgA level among all the immunization regimens after either two, three, or four doses.
Article
Immunology
Sitthichai Kanokudom, Jira Chansaenroj, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Suvichada Assawakosri, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Ratchadawan Aeemjinda, Nongkanok Khanarat, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Sirapa Klinfueng, Thanunrat Thongmee, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Sittisak Honsawek, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the fourth dose using monovalent mRNA vaccines after different three-dose regimens and to compare the 30 μg BNT162b2 and 50 μg mRNA-1273 vaccines. A total of 292 healthy adults received BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and the reactogenicity was mild to moderate and well tolerated. The study found that both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines can be used as a fourth booster dose for individuals who were previously immunized with any prior three-dose mix-and-match COVID-19 vaccine regimens.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nungruthai Suntronwong, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Suvichada Assawakosri, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Sirapa Klinfueng, Harit Phowatthanasathian, Jira Chansaenroj, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn, Thaneeya Duangchinda, Warangkana Chantima, Pattarakul Pakchotanon, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study assessed the binding antibody response and strength of neutralization against Omicron BA.5 in serum samples from children with different antigen exposures (infection/vaccination) and hybrid immunity. The results showed that children with hybrid immunity had the highest rate of detectable neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.5 compared to those with vaccination alone or Omicron infection alone. This finding highlights the importance of vaccination in unvaccinated children who are infected with pre-Omicron or Omicron variants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Payuda Hansoongnern, Pornpitra Pratedrat, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Rujipat Wasitthankasem, Nawarat Posuwan, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Kanchanok Kodchakorn, Prachya Kongtawelert, Napaporn Pimsing, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a viral pathogen that causes chronic hepatitis and can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The detection of HCV RNA is the standard method for diagnosis and monitoring of antiviral treatment. A study investigated the correlation between HCV RNA and HCVcAg levels, as well as the impact of amino acid sequence heterogeneity on HCVcAg quantification. The findings showed a strong positive correlation between HCV RNA and HCVcAg, but samples with certain genotypes and amino acid substitutions exhibited lower HCVcAg levels than expected based on HCV RNA values.
Article
Immunology
Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Kamolthip Atsawawaranunt, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Jira Chansaenroj, Suvichada Assawakosri, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Ratchadawan Aeemjinda, Nongkanok Khanarat, Lakkhana Wongsrisang, Chompoonut Auphimai, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Sirapa Klinfueng, Thanunrat Thongmee, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: Despite widespread vaccination in Thailand, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to surge. As of December 2022, over 77% and 39% of the population received two doses and three doses of COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. During the Omicron predominant period, more than 70% of Thai individuals have been infected.
Article
Immunology
Sitthichai Kanokudom, Jira Chansaenroj, Suvichada Assawakosri, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Lakkhana Wongsrisang, Ratchadawan Aeemjinda, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Sirapa Klinfueng, Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn, Sittisak Honsawek, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of hybrid immunity on antibody responses in participants receiving various doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. It found that a higher number of vaccine doses was associated with a lower infection rate. Hybrid immunity displayed higher antibody levels and durability compared to vaccination alone.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Harit Phowatthanasathian, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Suvichada Assawakosri, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity of different vaccine regimens among healthcare professionals. The combination of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines showed promising results in enhancing immune response and may serve as an alternative regimen.
SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
