Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Waresi Tuersong, Xin Liu, Yifan Wang, Simin Wu, Peixi Qin, Shengnang Zhu, Feng Liu, Chunqun Wang, Min Hu
Summary: This study explored the metabolome of an IVM-resistant H. contortus strain and analyzed the role of metabolism in IVM resistance. The results showed that amino acid metabolism may be mediated by the uptake of IVM and related to IVM resistance in H. contortus. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of IVM resistance and may provide effective approaches to manage infection by resistant strains of H. contortus.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Rehman Ali, Nisar Ahmad, Sakina Mussarat, Abdul Majid, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Shahid Niaz Khan
Summary: This study investigates the potential, toxicological effects, and mechanism of action of nanoparticles in combating Haemonchus contortus. Organic nanoparticles were found to have certain efficacy against the parasite both in vitro and in vivo, with no observed toxicity in vivo. Further research on molecular effects, toxicological consequences, and pharmacological targets of nanoparticles is needed for developing novel anthelmintic drugs.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Waresi Tuersong, Caixian Zhou, Simin Wu, Peixi Qin, Chunqun Wang, Wenda Di, Lu Liu, Hui Liu, Min Hu
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Ivermectin (IVM)-resistant Haemonchus contortus compared to susceptible strains, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of IVM resistance. The study revealed potential new target genes related to lipid metabolism, cuticle structure, and important pathways such as antigen processing, lysosome, autophagy, apoptosis, and NOD1-like receptor signaling pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of IVM resistance in H. contortus.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yang Liu, Xiaomin Wang, Xiaoping Luo, Rui Wang, Bintao Zhai, Penglong Wang, Junyan Li, Xiaoye Yang
Summary: In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic differences in ivermectin-resistant and -susceptible strains of H. contortus were examined before and after Ivermectin treatment. The results showed that genes such as UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and p-glycoprotein (Pgp) play important roles in H. contortus drug resistance. The findings provide useful information for understanding the resistance response of H. contortus.
Article
Microbiology
Barbara Hinney, Sandra Wiedermann, Waltraud Kaiser, Juergen Kruecken, Anja Joachim
Summary: The study provides updated information about the spread of anthelmintic resistance in caprine parasites in Austria. It identifies the presence of resistance to eprinomectin and moxidectin in trichostrongyloids, posing a serious threat to dairy goat farming. The findings also highlight the need for immediate action to prevent further spread of resistance.
Article
Microbiology
Kathryn S. Evans, Janneke Wit, Lewis Stevens, Steffen R. Hahnel, Briana Rodriguez, Grace Park, Mostafa Zamanian, Shannon C. Brady, Ellen Chao, Katherine Introcaso, Robyn E. Tanny, Erik C. Andersen
Summary: Researchers used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to study macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance, identifying three genomic regions on chromosome V that contribute to natural differences in response to abamectin. Two novel loci were discovered, likely representing new resistance mechanisms. By comparing genes in these new loci to those in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, potential shared resistance genes between nematode species were identified. Overall, this study highlights the advantages of using C. elegans to understand anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Amanda Cardoso Rocha, Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves, Hevila Oliveira Salles, Roberto Claudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Jorge Vitor Ludke, Liv Soares Severino, Magno Jose Duarte Candido
Summary: The solvent evaporation step in the process of castor oil extraction significantly alters the protein composition, hemagglutination activity, toxicity, and nematicide efficiency of the castor meal. The castor meal produced after solvent evaporation is tolerable for small ruminants, but toxic for broilers. The nematicide capacity of castor meal against Haemonchus contortus larvae is reduced after solvent extraction.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sasha Hayes, Aya C. Taki, Kah Yean Lum, Joseph J. Byrne, Jonathan M. White, Merrick G. Ekins, Robin B. Gasser, Rohan A. Davis
Summary: This study identified a marine extract derived from an Australian sponge with activity against an economically important parasitic nematode. Further analysis led to the purification of four known sesterterpenes and the revision of their chemical structures. The findings suggest that these sesterterpenes deserve further investigation for their activity against nematodes.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Laura Mate, Mariana Ballent, Candela Canton, Carlos Lanusse, Laura Ceballos, Luis L. Ignacio Alvarez, Juan Pedro Liron
Summary: This study compared the gene expression levels of ABC transporters in sheep nematode Haemonchus contortus isolates with different susceptibility to ivermectin and found that some ABC transporter genes showed minor differences in transcription levels, but could not fully explain ivermectin resistance. Pgp-9 may be one of the most relevant candidates contributing to the multi-genic nature of ivermectin resistance.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
David Emanuel Reyes-Guerrero, Veronica Jimenez-Jacinto, Rogelio Alejandro Alonso-Morales, Miguel Angel Alonso-Diaz, Jocelyn Maza-Lopez, Rene Camas-Pereyra, Agustin Olmedo-Juarez, Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita, Maria Eugenia Lopez-Arellano
Summary: In this study, the transcriptome of Hc was assembled and annotated to investigate the differential gene expression between two Mexican Hc strains with different anthelmintic resistance statuses. The study identified differentially expressed genes and enriched gene ontology terms related to anthelmintic resistance and nematode biology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela Bedenice, Jessica Resnick-Sousa, Lauren Bookbinder, Victoria Trautwein, Hannah N. Creasey, Giovanni Widmer
Summary: This study examined the correlation between nematode worm burden and intestinal microbiota composition in adult alpacas. Fecal samples were collected from 102 healthy alpacas at three different time points. The results showed high temporal stability in the fecal microbiota of healthy alpacas. The intensity of nematode infection was only significantly correlated with microbiota composition 14 days after treatment. Alpaca age was found to be the only consistent predictor of microbiota taxonomic composition.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sophie Aguerre, Jean-Michel Astruc, Andres Legarra, Lea Bordes, Francoise Prevot, Christelle Grisez, Corinne Vial Novella, Francis Fidelle, Philippe Jacquiet, Carole Moreno-Romieux
Summary: This study investigated the genetic relationship between resistance to parasitic infections and milk production traits in the blond-faced Manech breed. The results showed that resistance to gastrointestinal parasites had a moderate heritability and a slightly unfavorable but low genetic correlation with milk production traits. These findings have important implications for breeding associations in incorporating resistance to parasites in the selection objective.
GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeba R. J. Jesudoss Chelladurai, Katy A. Martin, Pam Vardaxis, Craig Reinemeyer, Paramasivan Vijayapalani, Alan P. Robertson, Matthew T. Brewer
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the role of permeability glycoproteins (P-gps) in Toxocara canis drug tolerance. They found that T. canis has 13 annotated P-gp genes, with at least 10 expressed in adults and hatched larvae, and at least 8 expressed in somatic larvae. However, treatment with macrocyclic lactones did not significantly increase P-gp expression. Further studies are needed to understand the contribution of P-gps to macrocyclic lactone tolerance in T. canis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Abhinaya Venkatesan, Pablo D. Jimenez Castro, Arianna S. Morosetti, Hannah C. Horvath, Rebecca M. Chen, Elizabeth S. Redman, Kayla Dunn, James Bryant V. Collins, James S. Fraser, Erik C. V. Anderson, Ray M. Kaplan, John S. V. Gilleard
Summary: This study provides the first evidence of widespread drug resistance in parasitic nematodes of companion animals, specifically in Ancylostoma caninum, and highlights the power of molecular approaches to assess anthelmintic resistance in a region.
Article
Parasitology
Ekta Singh, Dinesh Chandra, Arvind Prasad, Navneet Kaur
Summary: The study was conducted in small ruminant farms in the western region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Two in vitro tests were performed to assess ivermectin resistance in field isolates of H. contortus, showing the susceptibility of the isolates in the area under study. The results of the two tests had statistically non-significant standard deviations, concluding that both in vitro tests are reliable for detecting resistance against different anthelmintics including ivermectin.
ACTA PARASITOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jacob Hoglund, Lucas Bolender, Maria Cortazar-Chinarro, Sara Meurling, Anssi Laurila, Adam Hermaniuk, Christophe Dufresnes
Summary: Genetic variation in European green toads is negatively correlated with northern latitude, impacting the conservation status of the species in Sweden. Fringe populations of green toads in the northern limit are genetically impoverished and closely related to populations around the Baltic Sea basin, displaying low neutral and adaptive variation compared to central populations, consistent with patterns observed in other amphibians. This situation raises concerns about the evolutionary potential of remaining populations to cope with environmental challenges in Sweden.
CONSERVATION GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Paulius Baltrusis, Peter Halvarsson, Johan Hoglund
Summary: This study used three different bioinformatic pipelines to analyze the amplicon sequencing data of nematodes in sheep fecal samples to determine species composition and richness. The results showed that the three pipelines produced nearly identical outcomes and identified Haemonchus contortus as the primary parasite causing anthelmintic resistance in Swedish sheep farms.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Venkat Talla, Veronika Mrazek, Jacob Hoglund, Niclas Backstrom
Summary: The clouded apollo butterfly in Sweden is currently endangered and only found in three geographically separated populations. Conservation efforts include habitat restoration and captive breeding. By using whole-genome resequencing and population genomic approaches, we found that the different populations in Sweden have similar but comparatively low levels of genetic diversity, with significant genetic differentiation between the northernmost and southern populations. We also discovered population sub-structure in one of the populations. These findings provide insights into the genetic consequences of population declines and fragmentation, and important information for the conservation of clouded apollo butterflies in Sweden.
CONSERVATION GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Peter Halvarsson, Eva Tyden
Summary: Gastrointestinal nematode parasites, especially Strongylus vulgaris, pose a significant threat to horses. Next generation sequencing techniques can accurately diagnose S. vulgaris infections, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) is the best marker for parasitic nematodes. We have provided complete ITS2 sequences for S. vulgaris and S. edentatus, which show high similarity to previously published sequences and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) based on next generation sequencing (NGS). Comparison of Sanger sequencing and NGS methods suggests that NGS is more effective in capturing ITS2 variation. We recommend further NGS sequencing of morphologically identified specimens to cover intraspecific ITS2 variation.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sara Martin-Garcia, Maria Cortazar-Chinarro, Mariano Rodriguez-Recio, Jose Jimenez, Jacob Hoglund, Emilio Virgos
Summary: Choosing the most appropriate sampling method is crucial for estimating population size. This study compared two commonly used sampling methods for the red fox and found that camera trapping provided a slightly higher minimum number of individuals compared to DNA faecal genotyping. Abundance estimates from camera trapping were positively correlated with the number of individuals detected, while there was a non-significant negative relationship between DNA faecal genotyping and abundance estimates.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Review
Parasitology
Paulius Baltrusis, Johan Hoglund
Summary: The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic approaches is increasingly popular in the field of parasitology. Digital PCR (ddPCR), a modification of the PCR formula, enables sensitive and absolute quantification of nucleic acid targets without the need for external standards. It has high throughput, sensitivity, and robust quantification, making it a widely used diagnostic tool in clinical microbiology, especially in parasitology research.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Niclas Hogberg, Anna Hessle, Lena Lidfors, Johan Hoglund
Summary: This study investigated the effects of mixed gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections on the growth and post-weaning activity patterns of ram lambs. The lambs and ewes were grazed in pastures naturally contaminated with GIN, and were divided into low parasite exposure (LP) and high parasite exposure (HP) groups. The results showed that delayed weaning age reduced the adverse effects of GIN infection on body weight gain, while an earlier weaning age reduced the risk of Haemonchus contortus infection. Automated behavior recordings were also demonstrated to be a potential diagnostic tool for nematode infections in sheep.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Paulius Baltrusis, Peter Halvarsson, Claude L. Charvet, Johan Hoglund
Summary: Parasitic sheep nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus, cause significant damage to animals due to their drug resistance capability. However, the mechanism of resistance to compounds like levamisole and efficient resistance detection tools are still not well understood. In this study, the presence and frequency of a newly reported mutation associated with levamisole resistance were investigated in different isolates of H. contortus. The results suggest that the mutation causing the S168T substitution in hco-acr-8 may be a plausible variant associated with levamisole resistance in some isolates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Johan Hoglund, Katarina Gustafsson
Summary: In Sweden, sheep are often treated for gastrointestinal parasites before being let out to pasture with their lambs in the spring, which may increase resistance selection. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy is inconclusive, and further research is needed to address this issue.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
B. Tarbiat, N. Enweji, D. S. Jansson, E. Wallstrom, E. Osterman-Lind, J. Hoglund
Summary: Poultry roundworms have re-emerged in European countries due to noncaged housing, impacting bird welfare and productivity. The Swedish Egg Association initiated a control program in 2009, but its data have not been fully explored, and understanding of producer perception is inadequate. This study addresses these issues through analyzing program data and conducting an online survey. The findings highlight the need for strategic sampling, appropriate diagnostic tools, and education on anthelmintics use and resistance development.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Ylva Hedberg Alm, Eva Osterman-Lind, Frida Martin, Rebecca Lindfors, Nina Roepstorff, Ulf Hedenstrom, Isabelle Fredriksson, Peter Halvarsson, Eva Tyden
Summary: Cyathostominae is the most prevalent internal parasite in grazing horses but has developed resistance to anthelmintic drugs. A study in Swedish equine establishments practicing selective anthelmintic treatment found no confirmed resistance to IVM and supported the use of selective deworming regimens to reduce the risk of resistance development.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Johannes Charlier, Tong Wang, Sien H. Verschave, Johan Hoeglund, Edwin Claerebout
Summary: Gastrointestinal nematode infections pose a significant threat to the health and well-being of calves in pasture-based rearing systems. The serum pepsinogen assay, although an established tool, is not widely implemented due to its high cost and lack of standardization. This study evaluates the O. ostertagi-Ab ELISA as a cost-effective and robust alternative diagnostic method for first-season grazing calves and suggests that it can replace the serum pepsinogen assay for monitoring purposes at the end of the grazing season.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chun-lei Jing, Ying-Qiang Lou, Huan Liu, Kai Song, Yun Fang, Jacob Hoglund, Peter Halvarsson, Yue-Hua Sun
Summary: This study examined the relationship between avian malaria parasites and two personality traits in a population of the Chestnut Thrush breed in the Tibetan plateau. Results showed no sex bias in malaria parasite prevalence and no effect of infection status on activity and boldness.