Article
Environmental Sciences
Chris S. Elcombe, Ana Monteiro, Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Kevin D. Sinclair, Neil P. Evans, Richard Lea, Michelle Bellingham
Summary: Environmental chemical exposure may have negative effects on male reproductive health. A study using a sheep model found that male offspring from ewes exposed to biosolids treated pasture (BTP) during pregnancy showed testicular abnormalities, with increased expression of certain transcription factors. This suggests that gestational exposure to low-level mixtures of environmental chemicals can have long-lasting effects on testicular health, potentially affecting fertility.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qilin Zhao, Xianghua Liu, Xiangkun Sun
Summary: This study proposes mathematical models to calculate roll force, torque, and power in the process of cold strip asymmetrical rolling. The effects of different rolling parameters on the process and the proportion of friction work and plastic deformation work are analyzed. Experimental results show a certain level of error between the calculated values and actual measurements.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ahmed Deif, Harith Al Kubaisy, Iman Farag Abu El-Nader, Issa El-Hussain, Yousuf Al-Shijbi, Adel M. E. Mohamed
Summary: Research on earthquakes in the Gulf of Aden calls for an improved seismic source model to assess seismic hazards in Oman and Yemen. A statistical analysis of earthquake data, tectonic setting, and stress regime was used to develop a model based on kernel density estimation. This model calculates the distribution and spatial density of earthquakes to determine the essential parameters for seismic hazard analysis.
PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Arif, Dilip Kumar, Arshad Noor Siddiquee
Summary: This research investigates the use of friction stir welding (FSW) to join ABS polymer, and finds that the maximum tensile strength of the joint is 19.4 MPa under optimized process parameters. However, the strength of the joint is affected by the breaking or weakening of butadiene rubber particles in the stir zone.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lorenzo Stagnati, Giovanna Soffritti, Michelangelo Martino, Alessandra Lanubile, Francesca Desiderio, Adriano Ravasio, Adriano Marocco, Graziano Rossi, Matteo Busconi
Summary: Italian maize germplasm is rich in local varieties, which have been preserved by farmers in cultivation. These local materials differ in morphology and genetic level, making them important genetic resources for adaptation and breeding programs.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mahesh K. Vidula, Ziqian Xu, Yuanwei Xu, Abdullah Alturki, Bhavana N. Reddy, Prayaag Kini, Angel L. Alberto-Delgado, Ron Jacob, Tiffany Chen, Victor A. Ferrari, Lilia M. Sierra-Galan, Yucheng Chen, Sanjaya Viswamitra, Yuchi Han
Summary: This study used cardiovascular magnetic resonance to evaluate cardiac structural and functional changes in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. The findings showed biventricular dysfunction, right and left atrial remodeling, and prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement at the right ventricular insertion sites.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Luciana A. Erbes, Maria F. Izaguirre, Victor H. Casco, Javier Adur
Summary: This study obtained three-dimensional morphological information of colorectal cancer pits through software processing and analysis of autofluorescence microscopy images. The results showed that significant morphological changes occur after the second week of treatment, with pits becoming more tubular, larger in diameter, and smoother compared to the control or early treatment groups. These findings are considered an important advancement in the characterization of three-dimensional pit morphology.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hui Liang, Yang Shen, Junhong Xu, Xue Shen
Summary: Particle morphology, a fundamental property affecting granular material behavior, was studied through high-resolution X-ray scanning and spherical harmonic analysis at different scales. Comparison of two types of natural sand, Calcareous sand and Fujian sand, revealed differences in irregularity, angularity, and roughness.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana G. Moreira, Edson J. Benetti, Ana C. S. Rebelo, Gessica C. Sousa, Max V. M. Medeiros, Lucelia G. Vieira, Renata C. Mazaro, Karina Simoes
Summary: The study found that during the rainy season, the testicles of Ara ararauna were in gonadal recrudescence phase, while in the dry season, the testicles were in the rest phase of the seminiferous epithelium. Therefore, the species in captivity have maintained their reproductive potential under Cerrado environmental conditions, with a complete spermatogenic cycle during the rainy season to ensure species perpetuation.
ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Y. Li, Z. Xiao, C. Ma, L. Zeng, W. Zhang, M. Peng, A. Li
Summary: This study presents an approach for automatically extracting 3D rocks from stereo rover images and analyzes their morphological features and distribution on the Martian surface. The results provide important data for studying the geological characteristics of Mars.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Y. Li, Z. Xiao, C. Ma, L. Zeng, W. Zhang, M. Peng, A. Li
Summary: This study presents an approach for automatically extracting 3D rocks from stereo rover images using China's Mars rover, Zhurong. The results show that small rocks in centimeters make up the majority, and the landscape type affects the number of rocks but not their proportions. Comparative analysis with the Spirit rover data from the Bonneville crater ejecta rocks reveals similarities in 2D compactness, but the sphericity distribution differs, indicating more diverse shapes in the Bonneville crater ejecta rocks. The research also finds a convergence of sphericity with height for rocks in both landing areas.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Abdolkarim Zarei, Asma Rezaei, Mohammad Esmailpour, Aziz Ebrahimi
Summary: Genetic variability of 84 accessions of three Ziziphus species was analyzed using morphological traits and translation initiation codon polymorphism, showing high levels of variation both between and within species. The study distinguished distinct clusters based on species sources and identified the most genetically diverse species as Z. spina-christi. Translation initiation codon polymorphism was efficient for genetic characterization and authentication of Ziziphus accessions, as well as detecting morphologically important traits for conservation strategies and genetic diversity.
PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. R. Peacock, K. M. Denton, D. A. Ponce
Summary: The study images the electrical resistivity structure of the REE deposit at Mountain Pass in southeast California, characterizing resources under cover. The results show conductive sediment in Shadow Valley, a moderate low resistivity zone for the REE deposit, and no clear deep electrically conductive structures related to the deposit.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
A. S. Fayed, K. A. Abu-Hasel, Sameh M. Mahdy, Ashraf A. Ali
Summary: Ultra-fine fibril composites were produced by electrospinning polymer solutions with different concentrations of three-dimensional graphite nanoplatelets (3D-GNPs). The addition of 3D-GNPs improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the fibers compared to pure PS fibers. High-resolution microscopy confirmed homogenous dispersion of 3D-GNPs in the composite, showing potential applications in industries such as vehicles and aerospace.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Rasa Binkiene, Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas, Rasa Bernotiene, Gediminas Valkiunas
Summary: This study examined blood samples from 206 birds belonging to the genera Acrocephalus and Sylvia, identifying a 2.9% prevalence of microfilariae and new parasite species. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that parasites of different genera can be readily distinguished based on the morphology of their microfilariae.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alessio Alesci, Simona Pergolizzi, Doaa M. Mokhtar, Angelo Fumia, Marialuisa Aragona, Giorgia Pia Lombardo, Emmanuele Messina, Roberta D'Angelo, Patrizia Lo Cascio, Ramy K. A. Sayed, Marco Albano, Gioele Capillo, Eugenia Rita Lauriano
Summary: This study aimed to describe the morpho-structural adaptations of the integument of four different species, including Aplysia depilans, Styela plicata, Eptatretus cirrhatus, and Heteropneustes fossilis, through morphological, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses, with special focus on sensory epidermal cells. Different types of cells, such as mucous cells, serous glandular cells, and support cells, were identified in the integuments of the analyzed specimens. The presence of sensory solitary cells, immunoreactive to serotonin and calbindin, was observed in the epidermis of all specimens. This study provides valuable information on the comparative analysis of animal integuments and the phylogenetic conservation of sensory epidermal cells, as well as the structural changes that have occurred during evolution in invertebrates and vertebrates.
Article
Biology
David G. Valcarce, Marta F. Riesco, Leyre Cuesta-Martin, Anna Esteve-Codina, Juan Manuel Martinez-Vazquez, Vanesa Robles
Summary: Chronic stress has negative effects on behavior, reproductive parameters, and progeny in zebrafish. It induces anxiety-like behavior, overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in the brain, and compromised sperm motility. Additionally, chronic stress alters the molecular status and development of progeny.
Correction
Reproductive Biology
Marta Neila-Montero, Marta F. Riesco, Rafael Montes-Garrido, Cristina Palacin-Martinez, Cesar Chamorro, Paulino de Paz, Mercedes Alvarez, Luis Anel, Luis Anel-Lopez
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Doaa M. Mokhtar, Ramy K. A. Sayed, Giacomo Zaccone, Alessio Alesci, Marwa M. Hussein
Summary: This study investigated the potential functions of the pseudobranch in Molly fish. The results showed that the pseudobranch may play important roles in immune response, ion transport, acid-base balance, as well as cell proliferation and regeneration.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Atef M. Erasha, Mohammed Nazih, Safwat Ali, Mohamed Alsafy, Samir El-gendy, Ramy K. A. Sayed
Summary: This study focuses on the arrangement pattern and function of dental cusps in camels. It was found that the cusps are arranged in a crescent shape, which is unique to camels. The study is important in filling the gap in functional anatomy of teeth and detection of dental problems.
ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Doaa M. Mokhtar, Marwa M. Hussein, Giacomo Zaccone, Alessio Alesci, Eugenia Rita Lauriano, Ramy K. A. Sayed
Summary: This study used various microscopy techniques to investigate the cellular compositions and immune functions of the gills in molly fish. The gills consisted of four holobranchs with primary and secondary gill lamellae. The gill arch contained blood vessels and was covered by mucous cells. The primary lamellae had various types of cells and chloride cells with mitochondria and tubulovesicular system. The secondary lamellae were composed of overlapping PVC and pillar cells. Other cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and stem cells were also found. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed positive immunoreactivity for several immune-related proteins. Overall, the gills of molly fish play a multifunctional role in immune reactions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David G. Valcarce, Marta F. Riesco, Juan Manuel Martinez-Vazquez, Jose Luis Rodriguez Villanueva, Vanesa Robles
Summary: This experiment aimed to evaluate the potential links between handling during culture with stress responses and growth on Senegalese sole. The results showed that reducing handling-derived stressors led to lower levels of circulating cortisol in the fish and promoted higher growth. The gene expression study further supported the findings of this experiment.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose Fernandez-Martinez, Yolanda Ramirez-Casas, Paula Aranda-Martinez, Alba Lopez-Rodriguez, Ramy K. A. Sayed, Germaine Escames, Dario Acuna-Castroviejo
Summary: Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by the reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function. The study suggests that chronodisruption, particularly alterations in the Bmal1 clock gene, contributes to the development of sarcopenia. The results also indicate that exercise and melatonin can be effective therapeutic interventions for sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Marwa M. Hussein, Ramy K. A. Sayed, Doaa M. Mokhtar
Summary: Recently, teleost species have become important models for studying various research areas, including immunology. However, there is limited data on the localization and structure of the pancreas in Molly fish, as well as the immunological role of pancreatic tissue in teleosts. This study used light and electron microscopy to describe the pancreatic tissue in Molly fish and focused on the role of pancreatic immune cells and acinar cells in immune responses.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Marta Neila-Montero, Mercedes Alvarez, Marta F. Riesco, Rafael Montes-Garrido, Cristina Palacin-Martinez, Antonio Silva-Rodriguez, Francisco E. Martin-Cano, Fernando J. Pena, Paulino de Paz, Luis Anel, Luis Anel-Lopez
Summary: This study evaluated fertility rates after cervical artificial insemination of 11,805 ewes at different points in the reproductive season and identified male factors influencing reproductive success. Proteomic analysis revealed different sperm protein expression between the extreme points in the mating season, potentially explaining the lower fertility rate during early breeding season. Sperm proteins can be used as effective molecular markers in predicting fertilization ability related to seasonal variations.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dalia Mohamedien, Doaa M. Mokhtar, Nada Abdellah, Mahmoud Awad, Marco Albano, Ramy K. A. Sayed
Summary: This study examined the cellular and stromal components of the zebrafish ovary throughout the spawning season. The study described the different stages of follicular development and degeneration in the zebrafish ovary. The results showed the expression of SOX9 and myostatin in various cell layers of the ovary. Additionally, the study observed changes in the ovarian stroma during the spawning season. Overall, the study supports the zebrafish ovary as a model for studying follicular development.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Rafael Montes-Garrido, Luis Anel-Lopez, Marta F. Riesco, Marta Neila-Montero, Cristina Palacin-Martinez, Cristina Soriano-Ubeda, Juan Carlos Boixo, Paulino de Paz, Luis Anel, Mercedes Alvarez
Summary: This study aimed to determine the most suitable tool and formula for calculating testicular volume under field conditions to improve the accurate prediction of sperm production in rams. The use of ultrasonography and a new formula adapted to rams showed promise in enhancing the prediction of sperm production.
Article
Fisheries
Giacomo Zaccone, Alessio Alesci, Doaa M. M. Mokhtar, Marialuisa Aragona, Maria Cristina Guerrera, Gioele Capillo, Marco Albano, Jorge de Oliveira Fernandes, Viswanath Kiron, Ramy K. A. Sayed, Marwa M. M. Hussein, Patrizia Lo Cascio, Michal Kuciel, Krystyna Zuwala, Antonino Germana, Jose Manuel Icardo, Eugenia Rita Lauriano
Summary: The recognition and elimination of invading pathogens are essential for host survival. Macrophages, which function similarly to vertebrate macrophages, play a crucial role in host protection in all multicellular organisms. CD14 is a pattern responsible for bacterial recognition found on the surface of macrophages. These cells store antimicrobial molecules and display polarization states similar to mammalian macrophages. The present study reports the presence of various cell markers, including CD14, in the intestinal macrophages of catfish and bonytongue, providing insights into the in vivo function of macrophages in fish.