Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chiping Nieh, James D. Mancuso, Teresa M. Powell, Marleen M. Welsh, Gary D. Gackstetter, Tomoko Hooper
Summary: U.S. military Service members have higher smoking rates than the general population, with veterans having even higher rates. The study found that Service members smoked more before military separation. Military separation itself was not a risk factor for smoking, but Service members transitioning out of the military, high alcohol consumers, and those with mental health conditions may be at higher risk of smoking. Incorporating smoking prevention/cessation programs in pre-separation counseling sessions and targeting high-risk subgroups may help reduce smoking among Service members and veterans.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenxi Zhu, Tongqing Zhang, Xiaowei Liu, Xiankun Gu, Daming Li, Jiawen Yin, Qichen Jiang, Wenyi Zhang
Summary: This study assessed the effects of 500-nm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia pulex. The results showed that exposure to PS-MPs inhibited survival function, reduced body length, decreased antioxidant capacity, increased lipid oxidative damage, and disturbed energy metabolism of D. pulex.
Article
Sport Sciences
John J. Fraser, Andrew J. MacGregor, Camille P. Ryans, Mark A. Dreyer, Michael D. Gibboney, Daniel Rhon
Summary: The risk of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) varies among male and female tactical athletes in different US military occupations. Females have a higher risk compared to males, and military occupation and sex are important factors associated with LAS risk.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yohan Robinson, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Niclas Arvidsson, Cave Sinai, Fabian Taube
Summary: This review summarizes the effects of climate change on military occupational health, military healthcare, and defense medical logistics. It highlights the need for further research in the field and emphasizes the potential transformation of military medicine and healthcare systems due to climate change.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Economics
Abdul Rehman, Hengyun Ma, Rafael Alvarado, Fayyaz Ahmad
Summary: This study examines the impact of military expenditure, final consumption expenditure, gross national expenditure, net income, broad money, and total reserves on Pakistan's economic growth. The findings indicate that total reserves have a positive influence on economic growth under both positive and negative shocks. However, final consumption expenditure and gross national expenditure have a negative impact on economic growth. Military expenditure and net income show both positive and negative effects on economic growth, while broad money has an adverse and positive relationship with economic growth. The robust regressions and stepwise least squares approaches demonstrate that all variables, except military expenditure and reserves, have a positive impact on economic development. The study suggests that the government should carefully monitor defense-related investments to maintain economic growth.
ECONOMIC CHANGE AND RESTRUCTURING
(2023)
Article
Economics
Jon Schmid
Summary: This study examines the emergent nature of military technology innovation by analyzing a large dataset of military technology patents. The findings show that military technology innovation has varied significantly over time, with a period of high emergence between 1996 and 2008 and a more recent period of decreased emergence. The study suggests that promoting organization-type diversity and targeted promotion strategies could benefit the defense innovation ecosystem.
DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Management
Jonathan Langlois, Sihem BenMahmoud-Jouini, Romaric Servajean-Hilst
Summary: Military firms have recently implemented open innovation initiatives to incorporate external knowledge into their internal development process. This article examines how secrecy practices are deployed by individuals participating in open innovation projects, highlighting the combination of cognitive and relational practices. The study contributes to understanding how organizations navigate the paradox of openness and offers insights into the role and features of secrecy practices in innovation activities.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Carlos Leiva-Salinas, Amolak Singh, Eleanor Layfield, Lucia Flors, James T. Patrie
Summary: In this study, early amyloid beta deposition in the brain was quantified in healthy adult men exposed to repeated subconcussive blast injury. Analysis showed significantly increased amyloid deposition in blast-exposed participants in multiple brain regions, indicating a potential link between repetitive blast events and neurologic sequelae.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Megan A. Lindberg, Elisabeth M. Moy Martin, Donald W. Marion
Summary: This article reviews the lessons learned from United States military conflicts, such as the Civil War, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and discusses how these lessons have shaped the current care for traumatic brain injury in the military. It also explores how these lessons have influenced congressional mandates and directives, and led to best practices in caring for soldiers.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Article
Political Science
Matthew Hauenstein, Matthew Smith, Mark Souva
Summary: Studies have shown that democracies tend to spend less on military when not facing significant external threats compared to non-democracies. However, when democracies perceive a significant external threat, their military spending is not significantly lower than that of non-democracies. This is largely due to the fact that democracies are less likely to have high external threats compared to autocracies, as supported by empirical analysis of military spending data from 1952 to 2000.
RESEARCH & POLITICS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Julie P. Greeves, Belinda Beck, Bradley C. Nindl, Thomas J. O'Leary
Summary: Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are a significant burden on the military, affecting a considerable percentage of recruits. The mechanisms for bone maladaptation are not yet fully understood, but excessive and early training is a primary risk factor for BSIs. Proper physical preparation and nutritional interventions can help reduce the risk, and monitoring physiological conditions such as ovulation, sleep, and stress can provide valuable information for prevention strategies.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Christopher J. Peterson, Douglas L. Van Bossuyt, Ronald E. Giachetti, Giovanna Oriti
Summary: This article introduces a method to enhance the resilience of military microgrids when disconnected from the larger electrical grid, ensuring continued mission operations.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Craig Goolsby, Keke Schuler, Laura Tilley, Alexis Zebrowski, Nicole Dacuyan-Faucher, Claire Kim, Michael Redlener
Summary: The threat of COVID-19 in New York in 2020 resulted in an unprecedented military response. A consensus conference hosted by Uniformed Services University and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai identified 19 recommendations for care transitions between military and civilian healthcare assets.
DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Konstantinos Demertzis, Panayotis Kikiras, Charalabos Skianis, Konstantinos Rantos, Lazaros Iliadis, George Stamoulis
Summary: This article introduces a new federated learning approach called FAMEL, which addresses the issues of generality and effectiveness in traditional federated models by automatically creating optimal algorithms and hyperparameters for each user's data, resulting in a highly accurate ensemble model.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Adam W. Breslin, Alexander T. Limkakeng, Elizabeth Silvius, Catherine A. Staton, Chandra Almond, Mary-Beth Joshi, Bartley Adams, Bria Johnston, Lauren McGowan, Allan D. Kirk, Eric Elster
Summary: This study found that in traumatically injured patients, there are differences in certain immune functions between patients with measurable serum alcohol levels and those without. Alcohol may suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-6, while patients without alcohol may better regulate anti-inflammatory pathways.
CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Quincy R. Johnson, Jacob Scraper, Robert Lockie, Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes
Summary: The primary aim of ROTC programs is to prepare cadets for future military service, and movement screening is important in identifying potential movement disparities. This study found sex-related differences in movement patterns on the FMS, with females having greater mobility in the ankle and hamstrings, and males performing better on the TSPU test. These differences should be considered when designing exercise programs for ROTC cadets.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Simone D. O'Shea, Rod Pope, Katharine Freire, Robin Orr
Summary: LUTS are commonly experienced by female military personnel and veterans in Australia, similar to the broader female population. Tailored monitoring and support should be available to enhance occupational health, safety, and performance.
INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robert Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Takato Sakura, Benjamin Schram, Robin M. Orr
Summary: This study examined the relationship between physical fitness assessment measures and a task-specific physical competency test among police officers. The results showed significant correlations between the measures in the fitness assessment test and the performance in the competency test, with the 2.4 km run and push-ups showing the strongest correlations. The findings highlight the importance of aerobic capacity, muscular endurance, strength, and power for successful performance during police officers' occupational tasks.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
J. Jay Dawes, Marcel Lopes dos Santos, Charles Kornhauser, Ryan J. Holmes, Brent A. Alvar, Robert G. Lockie, Robin M. Orr
Summary: Research suggests that police officers lose fitness as a result of their policing vocation. This study measured the changes in fitness test scores of qualified police officers over a 5-year period. The results showed significant decreases in fitness scores for male officers, while female officers showed improvements in one fitness measure.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Orthopedics
Ryan L. McGrath, Sophie Shephard, Anthony Berrick, Tracey Parnell, Sarah Verdon, Rodney Pope
Article
Respiratory System
Jennifer Phillips, Wayne Hing, Rodney Pope, Ashleigh Canov, Nicole Harley, Annemarie L. Lee
Summary: This study aims to compare the effects of different airway clearance techniques on sputum expectoration for adults with bronchiectasis during an acute exacerbation. It will also examine the impact of these interventions on health-related quality of life, health status, exacerbation rates, and hospital admissions in the six months following hospital discharge. By filling the gap in the literature, this study will contribute to the evidence base and provide valuable insights into the long-term effects of these techniques on patient-centered outcomes.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saleh Al Sulaie, Saeid Yazdanirad, Robin Marc Orr, Hossein Dehdarirad, Alireza Milajerdi
Summary: Lack of sleep can impact the health and performance of firefighters. A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the global prevalence of sleep disorders among firefighters is 30.49%, and the prevalence of poor sleep quality is 51.43%. Various factors such as shift work, mental health, injuries and pain, and body mass index are associated with sleep health in firefighters.
Article
Rehabilitation
Ryan L. McGrath, Sarah Verdon, Tracey Parnell, Rodney Pope
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of physiotherapists' contact with clients experiencing psychological distress and identify factors that predict this frequency. The study found that physiotherapists perceive a relatively high frequency of contact with psychologically distressed clients, but they feel uncertain about assessing and managing psychological distress.
PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Victoria Brazil, Robin Orr, Elisa F. D. Canetti, Warwick Isaacson, Nikki Stevenson, Eve Purdy
Summary: This study aims to explore the optimal design and delivery of stress exposure simulation (SES) in emergency medicine. Through surveys and interviews, the study found that the design and delivery of SES should follow healthcare simulation best practice, inducing stress through authentic clinical scenarios and avoiding trickery or adding extra cognitive load. Educators leading SES sessions should have a deep understanding of stress and emotional activation, and focus on team-based strategies to mitigate the harmful impacts of stress on performance.
AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Simone D. O'Shea, Rod Pope, Katharine Freire, Robin Orr, Naomi Gallagher Maj
Summary: Genitourinary infections are common among female military personnel and may impact their occupational health and performance. Therefore, organization-wide prevention and management approaches are important for reducing the impact on personnel, units, and mission objectives.
NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS
(2023)
Review
Nursing
Kate Freire, Rod Pope, Isabella Size, Kristen Andrews, Emma Fitz-Gerald, Tricia Bowman
Summary: Exercise interventions with social participatory elements have shown short-term improvements in physical outcomes, particularly motor skills, for children with complex developmental needs. However, there is limited research on the impacts of these interventions on social, psychological, and executive function outcomes. Most studies included in this review were of moderate to low methodological quality. Further rigorous and longitudinal research is needed to assess the overall effectiveness and long-term effects of social exercise interventions in this population.
JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH CARE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robin M. Orr, Robert Lockie, Anssi Saari, Tommi Paavola, Dagmar Muhlbauer, Jay Dawes
Summary: Search and rescue personnel may need to carry external loads in unpredictable terrain, which can cause injuries and hinder task performance. Ensuring physical capability to carry external loads is crucial to mitigate risks and optimize mission success.
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
Ryan L. McGrath, Sophie Shephard, Tracey Parnell, Sarah Verdon, Rodney Pope
Summary: Through a systematic literature review, this study mapped the recommended approaches for physiotherapists in assessing and managing clients experiencing psychological distress. The majority of recommendations focused on identifying, assessing, and managing pain-related distress, with some attention given to depression screening and referral.
PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Whitney Tramel, Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Robin Orr
Summary: This review focuses on the subjective and objective measures used to evaluate physiological stress in tactical occupations. After screening and evaluation, 42 studies were included. Common objective measures include heart rate, cortisol, and body temperature, while subjective measures include perceived exertion ratings and the Self Trait Anxiety Inventory. These measures can be used to monitor the stressors faced by tactical personnel during training.
