Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
Summary: MiNENs of the digestive tract are rare tumors with challenging diagnosis and treatment. The current diagnostic criteria are based on the presence of more than 30% of morphological components in the tumor, which requires further studies for validation. The classification, clinical behavior, and nomenclature of MiNENs have been subjects of ongoing debate.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xing-Chen Cai, Sheng-Dong Wu
Summary: Through analysis of data from the SEER database and a review of literature, it was found that patients with GB-NEC have a low survival rate, with liver metastasis and age being independent risk factors for poor prognosis. The treatment of GB-NEC significantly impacts prognosis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hai-Yan Chen, Yao Pan, Jie-Yu Chen, Lu-lu Liu, Yong-Bo Yang, Kai Li, Ri-Sheng Yu, Guo-Liang Shao
Summary: This study aimed to identify quantitative CT features for distinguishing well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PNECs). The results showed that arterial/portal absolute enhancements were independent predictors with good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating between PNETs and PNECs. Arterial lesion enhancement had the highest diagnostic performance.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Shinichi Yachida, Yasushi Totoki, Michael Noe, Yoichiro Nakatani, Masafumi Horie, Kenta Kawasaki, Hiromi Nakamura, Mihoko Saito-Adachi, Masami Suzuki, Erina Takai, Natsuko Hama, Ryota Higuchi, Seiko Hirono, Satoshi Shiba, Mamoru Kato, Eisaku Furukawa, Yasuhito Arai, Hirofumi Rokutan, Taiki Hashimoto, Shuichi Mitsunaga, Mitsuro Kanda, Hidenori Tanaka, So Takata, Ayaka Shimomura, Minoru Oshima, Wenzel M. Hackeng, Tomoyuki Okumura, Keiichi Okano, Masakazu Yamamoto, Hiroki Yamaue, Chigusa Morizane, Koji Arihiro, Toru Furukawa, Toshiro Sato, Tohru Kiyono, Lodewijk A. A. Brosens, Laura D. Wood, Ralph H. Hruban, Tatsuhiro Shibata
Summary: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (GIS-NEC) is a rare but highly malignant tumor that is genetically distinct from gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GIS-NET). There are clear genomic differences between pancreatic NECs (Pant-NEC) and nonpancreatic GIS-NECs (Nonpanc-NEC). Panc-NECs can be classified into two subgroups based on genomic and epigenomic features.
Article
Surgery
Genlian Chen, Qiang Xu, Shengjun Qian, Zhan Wang, Shicheng Wang
Summary: This study aims to explore the prognosis and risk factors of patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and bone metastasis. The study found that age, surgery, and lung metastasis were independent predictors of prognosis. Surgical resection of primary tumors and active treatment of lung metastasis may prolong the survival of young patients with gastrointestinal NEC and bone metastasis.
FRONTIERS IN SURGERY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biology
Carl Christofer Juhlin
Summary: Endocrine pathologists have traditionally relied on a few key immunohistochemical markers to pinpoint neuroendocrine differentiation, but these markers may exhibit heterogeneity in different tumors. The emergence of second-generation neuroendocrine markers has expanded the pathology toolbox and improved diagnostic accuracy.
Article
Oncology
Qichen Chen, Kan Li, Kristen E. E. Rhodin, Sabran J. J. Masoud, Michael E. E. Lidsky, Jianqiang Cai, Qingyi Wei, Sheng Luo, Hong Zhao
Summary: In this study, the impact of primary tumor resection (PTR) on the survival of GI-NEC patients with nonresected liver metastases was investigated. The results showed that PTR can improve the survival of GI-NEC patients regardless of primary tumor site, tumor grade, and N stage.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Daisuke Takayanagi, Hourin Cho, Erika Machida, Atsushi Kawamura, Atsuo Takashima, Satoshi Wada, Takuya Tsunoda, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi
Summary: This review provides updates on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. The incidence of these malignancies originating from the pancreatic and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cell system has been increasing. Advances in molecular diagnosis, treatment strategies, and liquid biopsy have contributed to personalized management for patients.
Article
Surgery
Xu-Feng Zhang, Feng Xue, Zheng Wu, Alexandra G. Lopez-Aguiar, George Poultsides, Eleftherios Makris, Flavio Rocha, Zaheer Kanji, Sharon Weber, Alexander Fisher, Ryan Fields, Bradley A. Krasnick, Kamran Idrees, Paula M. Smith, Cliff Cho, Megan Beems, Yi Lyu, Shishir K. Maithel, Timothy M. Pawlik
Summary: This study aimed to improve the prognostic accuracy of pNETs by establishing and validating a new staging system. The eighth edition of AJCC staging system for pNETs failed to stratify patients effectively, while the proposed mTNM staging system showed better stratification based on long-term overall survival. This research has important implications for the treatment and prognosis evaluation of pNETs.
Article
Pathology
Sarah E. Umetsu, Sanjay Kakar, Olca Basturk, Grace E. Kim, Deyali Chatterjee, Kwun Wah Wen, Gillian Hale, Na fis Sha, Soo-Jin Cho, Julia Whitman, Ryan M. Gill, Kirk D. Jones, Pooja Navale, Emily Bergsland, David Klimstra, Nancy M. Joseph
Summary: Distinguishing between grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G3 PanNET) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC) is a known diagnostic challenge. In this study, 47 high-grade neoplasms were reviewed, and molecular profiling was performed to improve diagnostic accuracy. The study found that molecular profiling and immunohistochemistry greatly improved the classification of high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Rating: 8/10.
Article
Oncology
Xing Wang, Jia-Jun Qiu, Chun-Lu Tan, Yong-Hua Chen, Qing-Quan Tan, Shu-Jie Ren, Fan Yang, Wen-Qing Yao, Dan Cao, Neng-Wen Ke, Xu-Bao Liu
Summary: This study developed a quantitative nomogram that combines radiomic signatures with clinical characteristics to accurately predict the histology grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) preoperatively.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert J. Sealock, Mohamed Othman, Koushik Das
Summary: Trauma affects individuals from all sociodemographic backgrounds and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients under the age of forty. Various endoscopic tools and techniques initially used for iatrogenic causes have been adapted for use in gastrointestinal trauma victims, serving as a complementary and/or definitive management strategy for a variety of gastrointestinal traumatic complications.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Seungchul Han, Jung Hoon Kim, Jeongin Yoo, Siwon Jang
Summary: The study revealed that MRI features such as size, enhancement pattern, vascular invasion, and ductal dilatation are useful in predicting recurrence and poor disease-free survival (DFS) after surgery in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) patients.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Caterina Milanetto, Anna-Lea Gais Zurcher, Alina David, Matteo Fassan, Claudio Pasquali
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the possible prognostic role of clinic-pathological features and surgery in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs). The results showed that about 20% of pNENs had a size > 4 cm, 78% were nonfunctioning, and 55% had distant metastases at diagnosis. However, long-term survival of more than five years can be achieved after surgery.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Minoda, Eikichi Ihara, Nao Fujimori, Shuzaburo Nagatomo, Mitsuru Esaki, Yoshitaka Hata, Xiaopeng Bai, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Qingjiang Hu, Eiji Oki, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa
Summary: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common lesions that require treatment. A recently developed endoscopic ultrasound-based artificial intelligence (EUS-AI) system can accurately differentiate GISTs from non-GISTs in gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs) and also has applicability for non-gastric GISTs. The diagnostic accuracy of this system increases as lesion size increases, regardless of lesion location.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Alexander S. Taylor, Natalia Liu, Jiayun M. Fang, Nicole Panarelli, Lili Zhao, Jerome Cheng, Purva Gopal, Suntrea Hammer, Jing Sun, Henry Appelman, Maria Westerhoff
Summary: Cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, previously recognized as a subtype in colon cancer, was found in 18.6% of cases in the study. It was associated with certain poor prognostic features like positive lymph nodes and increased depth of invasion, but did not show significantly worse survival outcomes compared to other colon cancer cases. The study suggests that while identifying CC may have some clinical relevance, it may not necessarily warrant its own subtype classification due to the presence of similar morphological features in other colon cancer cases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Tejaswi Worlikar, Man Zhang, Anutosh Ganguly, Timothy L. Hall, Jiaqi Shi, Lili Zhao, Fred T. Lee, Mishal Mendiratta-Lala, Clifford S. Cho, Zhen Xu
Summary: Histotripsy treatment has been shown to have significant effects on reducing tumor growth, improving survival outcomes, and preventing local recurrence and metastasis in an in vivo orthotopic, immunocompetent rat HCC model.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Youngsoo Kim, Lequn Geng, Ashley E. Lenhart, Jay Li, William T. Dauer, Robert T. Kennedy
Summary: Understanding the regulation of alpha-synuclein release is crucial for understanding Parkinson's disease. We developed a novel method to monitor alpha-synuclein concentration and found that it is influenced by potassium and nicotine.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jing Yang, Lin Jin, Hong Sun Kim, Feng Tian, Zhujun Yi, Karan Bedi, Mats Ljungman, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Howard Crawford, Jiaqi Shi
Summary: The loss of KDM6A is associated with increased tumor-associated neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation in the tumor immune microenvironment of PDAC. The upregulation of chemotactic cytokines, especially CXCL1, is observed in KDM6A-deficient PDAC cells, which attracts neutrophils. CXCL1 is confirmed to be a key mediator of chemotaxis and PDAC growth driven by KDM6A loss.
Article
Oncology
Shuang Lu, Hong Sun Kim, Yubo Cao, Karan Bedi, Lili Zhao, Ishwarya Venkata Narayanan, Brian Magnuson, Yumei Gu, Jing Yang, Zhujun Yi, Sepideh Babaniamansour, Sargis Shameon, Chang Xu, Michelle T. Paulsen, Ping Qiu, Sivakumar Jeyarajan, Mats Ljungman, Dafydd Thomas, Yali Dou, Howard Crawford, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Kai Ge, Bo Yang, Jiaqi Shi
Summary: In this study, a novel signaling axis mediated by KMT2D linking TGF-beta to the activin A pathway was discovered. Loss of KMT2D induces the expression and secretion of activin A, which activates a noncanonical p38 MAPK-mediated pathway to enhance tumor invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zeribe C. Nwosu, Matthew H. Ward, Peter Sajjakulnukit, Pawan Poudel, Chanthirika Ragulan, Steven Kasperek, Megan Radyk, Damien Sutton, Rosa E. Menjivar, Anthony Andren, Juan J. Apiz-Saab, Zachary Tolstyka, Kristee Brown, Ho-Joon Lee, Lindsey N. Dzierozynski, Xi He, P. S. Hari, Julia Ugras, Gift Nyamundanda, Li Zhang, Christopher J. Halbrook, Eileen S. Carpenter, Jiaqi Shi, Leah P. Shriver, Gary J. Patti, Alexander Muir, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Anguraj Sadanandam, Costas A. Lyssiotis
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly resistant and lethal disease, driven by a complex tumor microenvironment, low vascularity, and metabolic aberrations. This study reveals that uridine is utilized as a fuel by PDA cells under glucose-deprived conditions. Uridine is metabolized by uridine phosphorylase 1 (UPP1) to support central carbon metabolism and promote survival and proliferation in nutrient-restricted PDA cells. UPP1 expression is regulated by KRAS-MAPK signaling and is correlated with poor survival in PDA patients. Moreover, UPP1 deletion impairs uridine utilization and inhibits tumor growth in mouse models. These findings suggest a novel metabolic axis for PDA therapy.
Article
Oncology
Eileen S. Carpenter, Ahmed M. Elhossiny, Padma Kadiyala, Jay Li, Jake McGue, Brian D. Griffith, Yaqing Zhang, Jacob Edwards, Sarah Nelson, Fatima Lima, Katelyn L. Donahue, Wenting Du, Allison C. Bischoff, Danyah Alomari, Hannah R. Watkoske, Michael Mattea, Stephanie The, Carlos E. Espinoza, Meredith Barrett, Christopher J. Sonnenday, Nicholas Olden, Chin-Tung Chen, Nicole Peterson, Valerie Gunchick, Vaibhav Sahai, Arvind Rao, Filip Bednar, Jiaqi Shi, Timothy L. Frankel, Marina Pasca di Magliano
Summary: We characterized the unique microenvironment of the adult human pancreas and discovered the high prevalence of PanIN lesions compared to pancreatic cancer. Fibroblasts and macrophages in pancreatic cancer and peritumoral tissue showed distinct transcriptomic signatures. PanIN epithelial cells in healthy pancreas exhibited remarkable similarity to cancer cells transcriptionally, suggesting early initiation of neoplastic pathways in tumorigenesis.
Review
Pathology
Aslihan Yavas, Jianyou Tan, Hulya Sahin Ozkan, Funda Yilmaz, Michelle D. Reid, Pelin Bagci, Jiaqi Shi, Jinru Shia, Volkan Adsay, David S. Klimstra, Olca Basturk
Summary: Primary pancreatic SFTs are rare tumors with favorable biological behavior. Immunohistochemical nuclear STAT6 expression is a characteristic feature of this type of tumor.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erfaneh Barar, Jiaqi Shi
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a solid tumor with poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, as non-apoptotic cell death processes, play a crucial role in the prognosis and treatment of PDAC.
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mustafa Erdem Arslan, Kerem Ozcan, Hulya Sahin Ozkan, Daniela Allende, Funda Yilmaz, Rondell Graham, Raul Gonzalez, Jiaqi Shi, N. Volkan Adsay, Christopher Fletcher, David Klimstra, Olca Basturk
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Yi Liu, Yasunori Deguchi, Daoyan Wei, Micheline J. Moussalli, Fuyao Liu, Eriko Deguchi, Donghui Li, Huamin Wang, Lovie Ann Valentin, Jennifer K. Colby, Jing Wang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Haoqiang Ying, Mihai Gagea, Baoan Ji, Jiaqi Shi, James C. Yao, Xiangsheng Zuo, Imad Shureiqi
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Hong S. Kim, Jing Yang, Shuang Lu, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Kai Ge, Jiaqi Shi
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bhavna A. Guduguntla, Jiaqi Shi, Richard S. Kwon
Summary: We report a rare case of metastatic Ewing sarcoma involving the pancreas, which was initially misdiagnosed as small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing metastatic lesions in rare sites.
ACG CASE REPORTS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Youngsoo Kim, Lequn Geng, Ashley E. Lenhart, Jay Li, William T. Dauer, Robert T. Kennedy
Summary: Understanding the regulation of alpha-synuclein release is important for studying Parkinson's disease. The novel microdialysis method developed in this study allows for monitoring alpha-synuclein concentration in vivo.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)