Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alessandro G. Rombola, Daniele Fabbri, Ryota Shibuya, Marco Malagodi, Tommaso Rovetta, Giacomo Fiocco
Summary: Historical stringed musical instruments like violins, violas, and violoncellos are considered as a distinctive class of cultural heritage items. The production of these precious instruments flourished between the 16th and 18th centuries in Cremona, a city in northern Italy known for its renowned Masters of violin-making art. The mysterious construction and finishing methods of these antique instruments, which contribute to their unique sounds and aesthetics, remain unknown due to the lack of written historical records. Chemical analyses, such as pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, have been employed to recover historical recipes and provide insights into the composition, manufacturing techniques, and past restoration and maintenance procedures. Through a comprehensive study on various proteinaceous materials and the evaluation of different analytical methods, including off-line pyrolysis combined with solid-phase microextraction, the presence of proteinaceous materials was discovered for the first time in instruments from famous makers like Jacob Steiner, Luigi Baioni, Andrea Guarneri, Francesco Ruggeri, Lorenzo Storioni, and possibly Piet`a of Venice. This research sheds light on the organic materials found in these stringed instruments and enhances our understanding of their construction and history.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ryan D. Merckel, Mike D. Heydenrych, Bruce B. Sithole
Summary: The study presents an advancement in Py-GC/MS with EGA-MS, allowing prediction of elemental composition and calorific content of pyrolysis products. It reduces the need for other analytical methods and demonstrates the impact of various catalysts on pyrolysis oil. Different dominant mechanisms, changes in elemental composition, and effects on calorific value were observed.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jiaxing Song, Kai Sun, Qunxing Huang
Summary: This study investigated the influence of thermal aging on the pyrolysis oil fuel components of typical waste plastics, showing that the impact varies depending on the type of plastic. After thermal aging, PE and PP exhibited more significant changes in heavy oil fraction compared to light oil and diesel oil fractions, while PVC samples showed structural defects and a color change.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Valentina Gargiulo, Ana Isabel Ferreiro, Paola Giudicianni, Simona Tomaselli, Mario Costa, Raffaele Ragucci, Michela Alfe
Summary: This study investigates the impact of structural features of xylose-based hemicelluloses on pyrolysis products distribution, finding that the chain branching degree has a greater effect on the pyrolytic behavior of xylose-based hemicelluloses, while the liquid composition of different hemicelluloses shows some variations.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Philip Bernstein Saynik, Vijayanand S. Moholkar
Summary: This study found that chemical pretreatment can significantly enhance bio-oil yield from Arundo donax, with different effects on chemical composition. Acid treatment increases furan production, while alkali treatment reduces oxygenates. Different pretreatments lead to varied impacts on bio-oil composition and quality.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Louise Decq, Piet Stoffelen, Vincent Cattersel, Joy Mazurek, Wim Fremout, Jonas Veenhoven, Frederic Lynen, Steven Saverwyns, Peter Vandenabeele
Summary: The study analyzed the composition of resin ingredients and found adulteration or mislabeling in the sandarac resin being sold. Differences were observed in the composition of sandarac resin from historical sources, suggesting a change in composition over time.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tae Uk Khang, Min-Jae Kim, Jee In Yoo, Yu Jung Sohn, Sang Goo Jeon, Si Jae Park, Jeong-Geol Na
Summary: This study developed an analysis method using Py-GC/MS to determine PHA contents and monomer composition in microbial cells, providing a rapid and reliable approach for such analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Douglas Hungwe, Saleem Ullah, Petri Kilpelainen, Sarut Theppitak, Lu Ding, Fumitake Takahashi
Summary: The study found that consecutive hydrothermal treatment and water washing of coconut fibers can effectively remove water-soluble and exchangeable potassium. This pretreatment approach can produce bio-oils that are inorganic-free, thermally stable, and chemically stable.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Janaki Komandur, R. Vinu, Kaustubha Mohanty
Summary: The present study investigates the pyrolysis process of Mesua ferrea L, a non-edible oilseed, to understand the composition of pyrolysate and the thermal degradation behavior of biomass. The study confirms that valuable chemicals can be obtained from Mesua ferrea L through pyrolysis.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. L. Lambri, O. A. Lambri, M. Weidenfeller, B. Weidenfeller, F. G. Bonifacich, G. I. Zelada, A. M. Rocchietti
Summary: This study presents the mechanical spectroscopy (MS) behavior of archaeological bone remains as a function of temperature for the first time. The results suggest that the bone remains were likely used for culinary activities by preterite societies. The relaxation processes around 510 K and 570 K are identified and linked to the diagenetic degree of the bone remains.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yuan Liu, Shiliang Wu, Huiyan Zhang, Rui Xiao
Summary: The study compared the pyrolysis behaviors of agricultural and forestry residues' holocelluloses and found that agricultural holocellulose contains higher ash and hemicellulose content, with lower initial temperature and maximum mass loss rate compared to forestry holocellulose. Agricultural holocellulose produced more acids, ketones, aldehydes, and furans, while corn stalk holocellulose had the highest content of targeted compounds. Woody and pine sawdust holocelluloses were suitable for producing sugars like levoglucosan.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Zakaria Belbakra, Alessandro Napoli, Zoubair Cherkaoui, Xavier Allonas
Summary: A direct analytical method using multi-step pyrolysis-GC/MS was developed to characterize UV-cured networks, with a focus on (meth)acrylate-based systems. The technique revealed a clear reversion process of methacrylates during pyrolysis, while the decomposition of acrylates in high molecular weight degradation products was not easily detected. The potential impact of this method on elucidating the structural and compositional nature of UV-cured polymeric networks was emphasized.
Article
Anthropology
Virginia L. Harvey, Roy A. Wogelius, Phillip L. Manning, Michael Buckley
Summary: This study found that the stability of collagen (I) in bone is mainly influenced by the concentration of Pro+Hyp residues rather than the physical structure of bone. Lower collagen (I) stability is likely to lead to a decrease in overall bone stability, affecting species composition in archaeological and paleontological sites.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Kaname Tsutsumiuchi, Tomozou Toyoshima, Fumiya Hasegawa, Riku Terasawa, Wataru Honda, Minami Sakakibara, Yasuyuki Ishida, Yoshitomo Ikai, Ryo Ishibashi, Kota Furuya, Takashi Morimoto, Kyoko Ishizuki, Yuzo Nishizaki, Naoko Masumoto, Naoki Sugimoto, Kyoko Sato, Hisao Oka
Summary: Genipin reacted with benzylamine and amino acids to prepare gardenia blue (GB). The time-course of GB formation was monitored by HPLC, LC-TOFMS, and NMR, and the molecular structures of intermediates were determined using accurate masses and additional NMR techniques. GBs with amino acids were characterized by both liquid and solid-state NMR measurements, revealing an alternating copolymer structure composed of methyne and 5H-2-pyrindine substituted by amino acids and linked with methyne at specific positions.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
So-Young Lee, Jiyul An, Jung-Hwan Kwon
Summary: This study presents a new sequential analytical method that combines Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to characterize and quantify microplastics in environmental samples. The method allows for identification of the polymer type, physical dimensions, and chemical composition of the microplastics.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joeri Kaal, Marta Perez-Rodriguez, Harald Biester
Summary: Peatlands and coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere and Central Europe are experiencing significant environmental changes, resulting in browning of surface waters and elevated concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and metals. This has implications for global carbon cycle, peatland and forest management, and water treatment. A study in the Harz Mountains, Germany, found strong relationships between DOM and metals, with seasonal variations in DOM quality and DOM-metal binding mode. The products of polyphenols play a key role in DOM-metal complexes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Samantha E. Jones, Olalla Lopez-Costas, Antonio Martinez Cortizas, Tim M. Mighall, Michael J. Stratigos, Gordon Noble
Summary: This study presents a detailed analysis of a crannog site in Scotland, providing insights into its historical context and the changes in wetland environment. It has implications for understanding the responses of Iron Age communities to Roman military activities and resource exploitation.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Noemi Alvarez-Fernandez, Antonio Martinez Cortizas, Olalla Lopez-Costas
Summary: This study investigated the long-term trends and behavior of mercury in archaeological burial environments. The findings revealed that mercury behavior in graves is complex and influenced by factors such as bone structure, grave soil/sediments, and location within the skeleton. Skeletons contribute to soil mercury content, while soil/sediments have a minimal impact on skeletal mercury content.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Malin E. Kylander, Antonio Martinez-Cortizas, Jenny K. Sjostrom, Jenny Galing, Richard Gyllencreutz, Richard Bindler, Helena Alexanderson, Frederik Schenk, Benedict T. I. Reinardy, Benjamin M. P. Chandler, Kerry Gallagher
Summary: Severe extratropical winter storms in Europe have caused widespread socioeconomic losses, but the response of storminess to external forcing over the past millennia remains unclear. Reconstructing past storm variability using innovative methods such as mid-infrared spectral data can provide insights into storm intensity and drivers. Constructing regional storm stacks allows for comparison of storminess over wider areas and understanding of centennial to millennial-scale storm patterns.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Mohamed Traore, Joeri Kaal, Antonio Martinez Cortizas
Summary: This study investigates the transition zone in oak wood through color parameters and molecular structure analysis. The results show significant differences between the transition zone, sapwood, and heartwood in terms of color and chemical composition, which may be related to lignification and storage of polysaccharide compounds.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Losada, Antonio M. Martinez, Kirsten M. Silvius, Sara Varela, Ted K. Raab, Jose M. V. Fragoso, Mar Sobral
Summary: The diversity of mammal and tree communities has opposite effects on the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in the Amazon. Mammal diversity is related to SOM rich in nitrogen, sulfur, and iron, while tree diversity is related to SOM rich in aliphatic and carbonyl compounds. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of biodiversity in the carbon cycle and its implications for climate change mitigation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tim M. Mighall, Antonio Martinez Cortizas, Noemi Silva-Sanchez, Olalla Lopez-Costas, Lourdes Lopez-Merino
Summary: This study presents an 8500-year record of high-resolution pollen, non-pollen palynomorph, microscopic charcoal, and selected geochemical data to analyze vegetation changes in the Xistral Mountains, Galicia, North-West Iberia. The results indicate that human disturbance, fire, and climate change are the main factors influencing vegetation development over the past eight millennia. Human impact on vegetation became more significant during the late Holocene, resulting in the permanent decline of deciduous forests and the creation of a cultural landscape.
Article
Forestry
Mohamed Traore, Antonio Martinez Cortizas
Summary: Wood characteristics and properties are influenced by biochemical processes and environmental conditions during wood formation. This study analyzed the color and chemical composition variation of timber wood from different locations in Mali. Results showed that wood color and chemical properties are related to local environmental conditions. Pterocarpus erinaceus exhibited significant differences in multiple variables, while Daniellia oliveri and Khaya senegalensis showed fewer differences. Isoberlinia doka, on the other hand, was less sensitive to environmental factors. Furthermore, there were important differences between wood samples from Kati and Kenieba.
Article
Archaeology
Lourdes Lopez-Merino, Rebeca Tallon-Armada, Manuela Costa-Casais, Noemi Silva-Sanchez, Jose Antonio Lopez-Saez, Antonio Martinez Cortizas
Summary: The city of Vigo in northwest Iberia contains buried structures of a Roman saltworks that follow the ancient coastline. A study was conducted to investigate the environmental impact of these structures and understand human activities during and after their use, as well as their relationship with climate variability over the past two millennia. The study found that salt production at the O Areal saltworks may have ended during the Late Roman Empire, coinciding with the development of a marsh and the decline of the salting industry. The overall trend suggests a shift from a marine to a terrestrial environment, influenced by both human activities and climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
M. A. Serge, F. Mazier, R. Fyfe, M. -J. Gaillard, T. Klein, A. Lagnoux, D. Galop, E. Githumbi, M. Mindrescu, A. B. Nielsen, A. -K. Trondman, A. Poska, S. Sugita, J. Woodbridge, D. Abel-Schaad, C. Akesson, T. Alenius, B. Ammann, S. T. Andersen, R. Scott Anderson, M. Andric, L. Balakauskas, L. Barnekow, V. Batalova, J. Bergman, H. John B. Birks, L. Bjoerkman, A. E. Bjune, O. Borisova, N. Broothaerts, J. Carrion, C. Caseldine, J. Christiansen, Q. Cui, A. Curras, S. Czerwinski, R. David, A. L. Davies, R. De Jong, F. Di Rita, B. Dietre, W. Doerfler, E. Doyen, K. J. Edwards, A. Ejarque, E. Endtmann, D. Etienne, E. Faure, I. Feeser, A. Feurdean, E. Fischer, W. Fletcher, F. Franco-Mugica, E. D. Fredh, C. Froyd, S. Garces-Pastor, I. Garcia-Moreiras, E. Gauthier, G. Gil-Romera, P. Gonzalez-Samperiz, M. J. Grant, R. Grindean, J. N. Haas, G. Hannon, A. -J. Heather, M. Heikkilae, K. Hjelle, S. Jahns, N. Jasiunas, G. Jimenez-Moreno, I. Jouffroy-Bapicot, M. Kabailiene, I. M. Kamerling, M. Kangur, M. Karpinska-Kolaczek, A. Kasianova, P. Kolaczek, P. Lageras, M. Latalowa, J. Lechterbeck, C. Leroyer, M. Leydet, M. Lindbladh, O. Lisitsyna, J. -A. Lopez-Saez, John Lowe, R. Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, E. Lukanina, L. Macijauskaite, D. Magri, D. Marguerie, L. Marquer, A. Martinez-Cortizas, I. Mehl, J. M. Mesa-Fernandez, T. Mighall, A. Miola, Y. Miras, C. Morales-Molino, A. Mrotzek, C. Munoz Sobrino, B. Odgaard, I. Ozola, S. Perez-Diaz, R. P. Perez-Obiol, C. Poggi, P. Ramil Rego, M. J. Ramos-Roman, P. Rasmussen, M. Reille, M. Roesch, P. Ruffaldi, M. Sanchez Goni, N. Savukyniene, T. Schroeder, M. Schult, U. Segerstroem, H. Seppae, G. Servera Vives, L. Shumilovskikh, H. W. Smettan, M. Stancikaite, A. C. Stevenson, N. Stivrins, I. Tantau, M. Theuerkauf, S. Tonkov, W. O. van der Knaap, J. F. N. van Leeuwen, E. Vecmane, G. Verstraeten, S. Veski, R. Voigt, H. Von Stedingk, M. P. Waller, J. Wiethold, K. J. Willis, S. Wolters, V. P. Zernitskaya
Summary: In this study, the most accurate and reliable pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe during the Holocene are presented using the REVEALS model. Methodological issues and the validation of the reconstructions are also discussed.
Article
Forestry
Mohamed Traore, Antonio Martinez Cortizas
Summary: This study characterizes the chemical properties of four timber wood species from southern Mali. The results show that the studied wood species differ in their chemical composition. These findings are valuable for assessing wood quality and determining appropriate end-uses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Mar Sobral, Matthias Schleuning, Antonio Martinez Cortizas
Summary: Trait evolution is influenced by carbon economics not only at the organismal level but also at the ecosystem level. The trait diversity of ecological communities affects the carbon cycle, and systematic shifts in trait diversity are likely to cause changes in the carbon cycle.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Maria Losada, Mar Sobral, Kirsten M. Silvius, Sara Varela, Antonio Martinez M. Cortizas, Jose M. V. Fragoso
Summary: Mammal diversity affects carbon concentration in Amazonian soils through its impact on soil organic matter accumulation. The functional diversity of mammal assemblages determines the composition of organic remains in the soil, which in turn influences soil carbon content. Understanding the role of mammal traits in carbon sequestration and accumulation can inform biodiversity management plans in the Amazon biome.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Sofia Ninnes, Carsten Meyer-Jacob, Julie Tolu, Richard Bindler, Antonio Martinez Cortizas
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of using DRIFTS for analyzing the organic matter composition of lake sediments, establishing quantitative models for TOC and characterizing organic matter qualitatively with principal component analysis. The DRIFTS approach enables rapid and detailed analysis of sediment organic matter, with the possibility of further specific analyses when coupled with pyrolysis-GC/MS.
Article
Anthropology
Julia Becher, Alex Schoeman, Gavin Whitelaw, Stephen Buckley, Jean-Pierre Celliers, Sara Cafisso, Matthias Belser, Maxime Rageot, Cynthianne Spiteri
Summary: This study represents the first application of Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) to southern African early farming pottery to gain a deeper understanding of past human behavior and subsistence patterns. The study found evidence of dairy processing and multi-purpose functionality of the ceramics. It also discovered potential medicinal use and the involvement of dung in pottery sealing and mending.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Jon Clindaniel, Matthew Magnani
Summary: Large sources of digital trace data have become important in the study of material culture. The authors introduce a computational method to observe digital formation processes and highlight the importance of accounting for these processes in studies utilizing digital trace data.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Rebecca A. G. Reid, Miranda M. E. Jans, Lesley A. Chesson, Rebecca J. Taylor, Gregory E. Berg
Summary: Chemical treatment of skeletal remains can reduce overall DNA quality and quantity but has no significant impact on stable isotope ratio analysis. Examination of treated and untreated human remains through histological and stable isotope analysis reveals that treated remains exhibit better preservation compared to untreated remains. Stable isotope ratio analysis is viable for both treated and untreated remains, regardless of their origin.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Anthropology
Laura Tome, Eneko Iriartec, Antonio Blanco-Gonzalez, Margarita Jambrina-Enriquez, Natalia Eguez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Carolina Mallola
Summary: This paper presents the outcomes of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study conducted on earthen dwellings from the Early Iron Age village of Cerro de San Vicente. The study employed soil micromorphology, lipid biomarker analysis, XRD, and XRF analyses to investigate various aspects of the dwellings, including construction materials, site formation processes, and daily life practices. The results have shed light on the construction layers, floor use, maintenance, repaving, periods of abandonment and decay, and the presence of lipid biomarkers associated with dwelling functionality. The study significantly contributes to our understanding of ancient construction practices and the utilization of domestic spaces during the Early Iron Age.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2024)