Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Naomi M. M. P. de Hart, Marisa J. Lang, Elena M. Yee, Patrick J. Ferrara, Dennis K. Fix, Amandine Chaix, Katsuhiko Funai, Micah J. Drummond
Summary: Aging is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells in skeletal muscle, which produce inflammatory products. The relationship between senescent cells and muscle atrophy is unclear. This study found that MET+LEU treatment can prevent muscle atrophy by reversing senescence and improving proteostasis. MET+LEU increased myotube differentiation, prevented muscle atrophy, and decreased dysregulated proteostasis. Additionally, the senolytic drug D+Q showed similar effects to MET+LEU. These findings highlight the potential of MET+LEU as a treatment for preventing muscle atrophy.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Matthew S. Brook, Tanner Stokes, Stefan H. M. Gorissen, Joseph J. Bass, Chris McGlory, Jessica Cegielski, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Bethan E. Phillips, Ken Smith, Stuart M. Phillips, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This study investigated the short-term impacts of disuse atrophy on muscle protein turnover and found that the decrease in muscle protein synthesis, rather than the increase in protein breakdown, drives skeletal muscle disuse atrophy in humans.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sean Paul Kilroe, Jonathan Fulford, Sarah Jackman, Andrew Holwerda, Annemie Gijsen, Luc van Loon, Benjamin Toby Wall
Summary: The study found that three days of muscle disuse leads to significant declines in muscle mass and daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. However, daily protein intake does not modulate these muscle deconditioning responses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Craig R. G. Willis, Iain J. Gallagher, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Matthew S. Brook, Joseph J. Bass, Bethan E. Phillips, Kenneth Smith, Timothy Etheridge, Tanner Stokes, Chris McGlory, Stefan H. M. Gorissen, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Stuart M. Phillips, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: By using a systems biology approach, this study identified molecular networks and key molecular candidates that are quantitatively linked to muscle atrophy and decline in muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in humans. The findings suggest potential therapeutic interventions by targeting specific regulatory molecules implicated in disuse-induced maladaptation.
Article
Biology
Takuto Hayashi, Takashi Kudo, Ryo Fujita, Shin-ichiro Fujita, Hirona Tsubouchi, Sayaka Fuseya, Riku Suzuki, Michito Hamada, Risa Okada, Masafumi Muratani, Dai Shiba, Takafumi Suzuki, Eiji Warabi, Masayuki Yamamoto, Satoru Takahashi
Summary: The study shows that NRF2 plays a key role in maintaining slow-type muscle fibers in the soleus muscle during space flight, impacting the transition of muscle fiber types. These findings provide important insights into the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy in microgravity environments.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daniely Messias Costa, Joao da Cruz- Filho, Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos, Joao Victor Gomes- Santos, Luis Carlos Reis, Waldecy de Lucca Jr, Enilton Aparecido Camargo, Sandra Lauton- Santos, Neusa Maria Zanon, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut, Luiz Carlos Navegantes, Andre de Souza Mecawi, Daniel Badaue Passos, Danilo Lustrino
Summary: The study found that oxytocin (OT) directly inhibits proteolytic activities in rat oxidative skeletal muscle by activating the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, suppressing atrogene expression, and promoting muscle mass gain without affecting protein synthesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dieter Blottner, Manuela Moriggi, Gabor Trautmann, Maria Hastermann, Daniele Capitanio, Enrica Torretta, Katharina Block, Joern Rittweger, Ulrich Limper, Cecilia Gelfi, Michele Salanova
Summary: This study analyzed the muscle adaptation to spaceflight in male International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. The results showed that long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts who performed routine inflight exercise had moderate myofiber atrophy compared to short-duration mission (SDM) astronauts, suggesting the importance of exercise in maintaining muscle health during spaceflight. These findings contribute to the understanding of skeletal muscle adaptation and provide valuable information for future deep space exploration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Naomi MMP. de Hart, Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Rebekah J. Nicholson, Elena M. Yee, Patrick J. Ferrara, Eric D. Bastian, Loren S. Ward, Brent L. Petersen, Scott A. Summers, Micah J. Drummond
Summary: This study demonstrates that whey bioactive compound GMP can prevent inflammation and atrophy induced by palmitate in muscle cells. The protective mechanism of GMP may be related to targeting catabolic signaling associated with cellular stress and proteolysis.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristina Sharlo, Sergey A. Tyganov, Elena Tomilovskaya, Daniil V. Popov, Alina A. Saveko, Boris S. Shenkman
Summary: This review focuses on muscle responses and molecular mechanisms when muscle loading and activity levels decrease, as well as methods to prevent adverse muscle changes. The studies presented in this review provide a theoretical basis for rehabilitation and space medicine and reveal the control mechanisms of gravity over the muscular system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorenzo Sanesi, Giuseppina Storlino, Manuela Dicarlo, Angela Oranger, Roberta Zerlotin, Patrizia Pignataro, Clelia Suriano, Gabriella Guida, Maria Grano, Graziana Colaianni, Silvia Concetta Colucci
Summary: This study analyzed the modulation of key proteins and irisin in hind limb unloaded mice. The up-regulation of Atrogin-1 and Murf-1, as well as the changes in myosin heavy chain isoforms, were observed during unloading. The treatment with recombinant irisin prevented the decline of myosin heavy chain isoforms and anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2, and inhibited the increase of p53 and Bax. These results suggest that irisin could be a potential therapy for musculoskeletal impairment caused by unloading.
Review
Cell Biology
Peter H. U. Lee, Michael Chung, Zhanping Ren, Devin B. Mair, Deok-Ho Kim
Summary: Spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy is a significant issue that can provide insights into muscle atrophy treatment for humans on Earth. Weightlessness and muscle disuse are the main factors leading to muscle atrophy in spaceflight.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
So-Hyun Jeon, Se-Young Choung
Summary: The study found that oyster hydrolysates TGPN and PNY can inhibit sarcopenia by regulating protein turnover and mitochondrial biogenesis, thus improving muscle strength and mass.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
George F. F. Pavis, Doaa R. R. Abdelrahman, Andrew J. J. Murton, Benjamin T. T. Wall, Francis B. B. Stephens, Marlou L. L. Dirks
Summary: The decline in muscle protein synthesis rates during short-term disuse does not fully account for muscle atrophy, and 2 days of unilateral knee immobilization does not affect muscle protein breakdown rates. Instead, the muscle negative protein balance associated with brief periods of disuse is primarily driven by reduced basal muscle protein synthesis rates and anabolic resistance to amino acid administration.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emily J. Arentson-Lantz, Sean Kilroe
Summary: Companion animals experience a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function in later years of life, similar to sarcopenia in humans, increasing the risk for morbidity and mortality. Adequate intake of high-quality protein can help maintain muscle and prevent fat accumulation, with whey protein being a readily available source. Ongoing research is focusing on optimizing protein quality, quantity, and meal timing to support muscle mass retention during aging, with a priority on supplementation during illness/injury to stimulate anabolic processes.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kuan-Hung Lin, Gary M. Wilson, Rocky Blanco, Nathaniel D. Steinert, Wenyuan G. Zhu, Joshua J. Coon, Troy A. Hornberger
Summary: This study highlights the role of decreased protein synthesis in the loss of muscle mass during immobilization and questions the current belief that changes in protein kinase activity mediate this effect. Deep proteomic analyses revealed that the decrease in protein synthesis cannot be explained by changes in the abundance or phosphorylation state of proteins implicated in translation regulation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Vandre C. Figueiredo, Yuan Wen, Bjorn Alkner, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Jessica Norrbom, Ivan J. Vechetti, Taylor Valentino, C. Brooks Mobley, Gabriel E. Zentner, Charlotte A. Peterson, John J. McCarthy, Kevin A. Murach, Ferdinand von Walden
Summary: The study reveals the genetic and rDNA gene-wide epigenetic regulation of ribosome biogenesis in response to exercise, highlighting the roles of rDNA dosage and CpG methylation in skeletal muscle. This indicates a genetic predisposition for hypertrophic responsiveness and preferential up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis with resistance exercise. The findings expand our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors involved in exercise-induced changes in ribosome biogenesis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
James Steele, Patroklos Androulakis-Korakakis, Luke Carlson, David Williams, Stuart Phillips, Dave Smith, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Richard Winett, Takashi Abe, Stephane Dufour, Martino V. Franchi, Fabio Sarto, Tommy R. Lundberg, Paulo Gentil, Thue Kvorning, Juergen Giessing, Milan Sedliak, Antonio Paoli, Fiona Spotswood, Alex Lucas, James P. Fisher
Summary: The majority of individuals continued to participate in resistance training during lockdown, with slight adjustments in location and types of training performed. People exerted less effort, had lower motivation, and perceived training as less effective and enjoyable during lockdown. Likelihood of continuing current training was similar or lower than pre-lockdown.
Correction
Sport Sciences
Emma N. Hilton, Tommy R. Lundberg
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ferdinand von Walden, Ivan J. Vechetti, Davis Englund, Vandre C. Figueiredo, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Kevin Murach, Jessica Pingel, John J. Mccarthy, Per Stal, Eva Ponten
Summary: Mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA, and oxidative phosphorylation protein content are reduced in CP muscle compared with typically developing muscle. Transcriptional pathways shared between aging and long-term unloading suggests metabolic dysregulation in CP, which may guide therapeutic strategies for combatting CP muscle pathology.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Erik Niklasson, Magnus Borga, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Per Widholm, Daniel P. Andersson, Anna Wiik, Mats Holmberg, Torkel B. Brismar, Thomas Gustafsson, Tommy R. Lundberg
Summary: This study examined the relationship between MRI analysis and CT imaging in measuring muscle size and muscle fat infiltration in the anterior thigh. The results showed that both MRI and CT imaging can reliably quantify muscle size and MFI. This study supports the clinical use of both CT and MRI measures for evaluating muscle size and MFI.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elisabeth Skoglund, Tommy R. Lundberg, Eric Rullman, Roger A. Fielding, Dylan R. Kirn, Davis A. Englund, Asa von Berens, Afsaneh Koochek, Tommy Cederholm, Hans E. Berg, Thomas Gustafsson
Summary: The study shows that a multicomponent physical activity program can result in significant improvements in physical function for older adults, with some changes in muscle size and quality of lower extremity muscles involved in locomotion. However, these changes are not directly associated with improvements in walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery scores.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jari Puustinen, Mika Venojarvi, Marko Haverinen, Tommy R. Lundberg
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of flywheel training and traditional resistance training on neuromuscular performance in elite ice hockey players. The results showed that there were no significant differences in performance improvements between the two training methods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Mirko Mandic, Bjorn Hansson, Alen Lovric, Patrik Sundblad, Niels B. J. Vollaard, Tommy R. Lundberg, Thomas Gustafsson, Eric Rullman
Summary: This study found that sprint-interval training can significantly improve maximal oxygen uptake and lead to adaptations in central hemodynamic factors, including an increase in hemoglobin mass, blood volume, and cardiac output.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Moritz Schumann, Joshua F. Feuerbacher, Marvin Suenkeler, Nils Freitag, Bent R. Ronnestad, Kenji Doma, Tommy R. Lundberg
Summary: The study found that concurrent aerobic and strength training does not compromise muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength development, but may attenuate explosive strength gains, especially when performed in the same session. These results appeared to be independent of the type of aerobic training, frequency of concurrent training, training status, and age.
Review
Sport Sciences
Tommy R. Lundberg, Joshua F. Feuerbacher, Marvin Suenkeler, Moritz Schumann
Summary: Concurrent aerobic and strength training may have a small negative effect on fiber hypertrophy compared with strength training alone. The interference effect may be more pronounced when aerobic training is performed by running compared with cycling, at least for type I fibers.
Article
Physiology
Elisabeth Skoglund, Per Stal, Tommy R. Lundberg, Thomas Gustafsson, Per A. Tesch, Lars -Eric Thornell
Summary: This study compared muscle morphology in three advanced aging cohorts, including a unique cohort of lifelong endurance athletes. The findings suggest that lifelong endurance training is associated with higher muscle oxidative capacity, even in individuals over the age of 80.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna-Maria Liphardt, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Kirsten Albracht, Joern Rittweger, Laurence Vico
Summary: Based on the European Space Agency (ESA) Science in Space Environment (SciSpacE) community White Paper Human Physiology - Musculoskeletal system, this perspective highlights unmet needs and suggests new avenues for future studies in musculoskeletal research to enable crewed exploration missions. Data collection from current space missions would provide important information to understand musculoskeletal alterations during long-term spaceflight. Understanding the kinetics and molecular mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system is crucial for addressing potential musculoskeletal problems that future exploratory-mission crew will face. Technical advances in monitoring tools are necessary for providing in-flight real-time feedback.
Article
Physiology
Mats Lilja, Marcus Moberg, William Apro, Luis Manuel Martinez-Aranda, Hakan Rundqvist, Billy Langlet, Thomas Gustafsson, Tommy R. Lundberg
Summary: We investigated the effects of ibuprofen and low-dose aspirin on muscle hypertrophy in young adults undergoing resistance training. The study found that there were no significant differences in molecular markers, muscle fiber size, ribosome biogenesis, satellite cell content, myonuclear accretion, and angiogenesis between the two groups. However, the mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 were more downregulated in the low-dose aspirin group after acute exercise. These findings suggest that the previously reported deleterious effects of high doses of ibuprofen on muscle hypertrophy may not be explained by these established hypertrophy regulators.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric B. Emanuelsson, Bjorn Baselet, Mieke Neefs, Sarah Baatout, Brit Proesmans, Lisa Daenen, Carl Johan Sundberg, Helene Rundqvist, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
Summary: This study determined the nature of immune cell changes in the murine skeletal muscle following hindlimb unloading combined with an acute session of irradiation. The findings show that 14 days of hindlimb unloading induces a significant increase of myeloid immune cell infiltration in skeletal muscle.
Letter
Sport Sciences
Emma N. Hilton, Tommy R. Lundberg