Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Martin Goetze, Matthias W. Hoppe
Summary: The study investigated the relative age effect (RAE) in elite German adult soccer, finding a skewed birthdate distribution regardless of gender, leading to a potential loss of valuable elite players during the youth phase and limiting the pool of talented players at the adult level.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jaime Sebastia-Rico, Jose M. Soriano, Jesus Sanchis-Chorda, Miguel Alonso-Calvar, Pedro Lopez-Mateu, David Romero-Garcia, Jose Miguel Martinez-Sanz
Summary: This study describes the dietary habits of elite soccer players and finds associations between dietary habits and competitive level and sex. Male players consume more carbohydrate-rich foods, fermented foods, frozen foods, and red meat compared to female players, while female players consume more lean meats. Younger players tend to consume more carbohydrate-rich foods and frozen foods. Additionally, alcohol consumption is higher in senior players, with males preferring mixed drinks and females preferring beer and wine.
Article
Sport Sciences
Lorenzo Lolli, Amanda Johnson, Mauricio Monaco, Valter Di Salvo, Warren Gregson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of differences in relative skeletal maturity on performance test outcomes in elite youth soccer players from the Middle East. The results showed that relative skeletal maturity had a significant effect on 40-m sprinting and countermovement jump height, while its effects on 10-m sprinting and maximal aerobic speed were unclear.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Elaine Ribeiro, Julia Barreira, Dayse Carraco, Larissa Galatti, Martin Gotze, Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad
Summary: This study investigated the relative age effect (RAE) in elite female soccer players by assessing the birthdate distributions of players who participated in the Women's World Cup. The results showed no significant RAE in the adult category, but significant RAE for midfielders and players in general in the U-17 and U-20 categories. Players born in Q1 were over-represented, especially among midfielders. There were no significant differences in birthdate distributions between players in different stages of the World Cup. Coaches should consider these findings when selecting and promoting female soccer players regardless of birthdates.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eleanor Langham-Walsh, Victoria Gottwald, James Hardy
Summary: Delayed maturation is observed in higher-skilled gymnasts, resulting in atypical distributions of the relative age effect. Differences in the relative age effect are found in various gymnastics apparatus. An inverse relative age effect is identified in beam apparatus, suggesting unique influences on performance outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ramazan Tascioglu, Ozan Atalag, Yilmaz Yuksel, Serdar Kocaeksi, Gulsun Guven, Zeki Akyildiz, Hadi Nobari
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) on elite young male basketball players. It analyzed the difference between birth quarters (BQ) in terms of minutes played and efficiency ratings as performance parameters, as well as the relationship between team efficiency, team success, and RAE using a new approach. The research involved 678 players from 53 teams in six tournaments from 2014 to 2019. The findings showed a higher number of players born in the first BQ and a relationship between team RAE score, tournament ranking, and team efficiency score. There were no significant differences in performance measures between BQs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Javier Garcia-Rubio, Andres Garcia-Vallejo, Maria de los Angeles Arenas-Pareja, Pablo Lopez-Sierra, Sergio J. Ibanez
Summary: This study examines the Relative Age Effect (RAE) in Spanish youth national soccer teams and the predictive value of being selected for national youth teams in becoming a professional player. The results show that RAE is present in the youth national teams and becomes more reliable as the players approach adulthood. Therefore, the selection of players for talent programs should be delayed to prevent younger players from dropping out and to ensure long-term development.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jonathan M. Kollars, Christopher B. Taber, Kyle S. Beyer
Summary: The study found that relative age effects exist in elite Olympic weightlifters, with an overrepresentation or underrepresentation of athletes born in certain months of the year. Understanding RAEs in sports is important for maintaining equal opportunities, and coaches can use this information for athlete selection.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maros Kalata, Mikulas Hank, David Bujnovsky, Jakub Michalek, Matej Varjan, Egon Kunzmann, Frantisek Zahalka, Tomas Maly
Summary: This study aimed to determine the level of isokinetic strength bilateral asymmetry (BA) among knee extensors (KEs) and knee flexors (KFs) of elite youth soccer players, finding significant differences in strength asymmetry across different age categories.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
James H. Dugdale, Allistair P. McRobert, Viswanath B. Unnithan
Summary: The study found that there is a significant relative age effect among male youth soccer players in Scottish development and performance levels, but not at the amateur level. Additionally, the relative age effect was observed in players aged U12 to U17.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Ivan Asin-Izquierdo, Marcos Chena, Vicente de Dios-Alvarez, Carlos Galiano
Summary: The Relative Age Effect (RAE) is caused by age differences and over-representation of older players among athletes. Players born at the beginning of the selection year have an advantage in physical and anthropometric attributes. This study aims to correlate anthropometric, strength, and power variables with relative age (RA) and the level of teams in each age category.
PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Geir Oterhals, Havard Loras, Arve Vorland Pedersen
Summary: Measuring individual soccer performance is challenging due to various factors, but proxies such as age at major awards nomination can offer insight into peak performance age. The average age at peak performance has increased over time, with variations across playing positions. Such proxies may help validate sub-variables measuring complex behavior in sports research.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Benito Perez-Gonzalez, Jairo Leon-Quismondo, Jose Bonal, Pablo Burillo, Alvaro Fernandez-Luna
Summary: The study shows that there is a Relative Age Effect (RAE) among youth male soccer players participating in international championships, with statistically significant age bias found in different positions and tournaments.
Article
Sport Sciences
Tom Douchet, Christos Paizis, Hugo Roche, Nicolas Babault
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate absolute and relative training loads and compare them across different playing positions in an elite soccer academy. The results showed that using absolute training loads underestimated the training load for certain positions, while relative training loads were more reflective of competitive demands and favored individualized training.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Pedro Figueiredo, Andre Seabra, Marta Brito, Marta Galvao, Joao Brito
Summary: This study investigated the relative age effect (RAE) in youth soccer and futsal players in Portugal, finding a more pronounced RAE in male soccer players, especially in younger age categories and clubs with higher certification levels.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)