Kinetic exchange income distribution models with saving propensities: inequality indices and self-organized poverty level

We report the numerical results for the steady-state income or wealth distribution P(m) and the resulting inequality measures (Gini g and Kolkata k indices) in the kinetic exchange models of market dynamics. We study the variations of P(m) and of the indices g and k with the saving propensity lambda of the agents, with two different kinds of trade (kinetic exchange) dynamics. In the first case, the exchange occurs between randomly chosen pairs of agents and in the next, one of the agents in the chosen pair is the poorest of all and the other agent is randomly picked up from the rest of the population (where, in the steady state, a self-organized poverty level or SOPL appears). These studies have also been made for two different kinds of saving behaviours. One, where each agent has the same value of lambda (constant over time) and the other where lambda for each agent can take two values (0 and 1), changing randomly over a fraction of time rho(< 1) of choosing lambda=1. We find that the inequality decreases with increasing savings (lambda); inequality indices (g and k) decrease and SOPL increases with increasing lambda, indicating possible applications in economic policy making.This article is part of the theme issue 'Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies'.

Automated summary

This paper reports the numerical results for the steady-state income or wealth distribution and the resulting inequality measures in the kinetic exchange models of market dynamics. The study examines the variations of distribution and inequality with agents' saving propensity and different trade dynamics. The findings suggest that increasing savings leads to decreased inequality, indicating potential applications in economic policy making.