Article
Infectious Diseases
Akke Vellinga, Addiena Luke-Currier, Nathaly Garzon-Orjuela, Rune Aabenhus, Marilena Anastasaki, Anca Balan, Femke Boehmer, Valerija Bralic Lang, Slawomir Chlabicz, Samuel Coenen, Ana Garcia-Sangenis, Anna Kowalczyk, Lile Malania, Angela Tomacinschii, Sanne R. van der Linde, Emily Bongard, Christopher C. Butler, Herman Goossens, Alike W. van der Velden
Summary: This study examined the antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in general practices across European countries. The findings showed that some countries did not meet the appropriate prescribing standards for certain types of infections, and the antibiotic usage rates differed among countries, with Denmark and Spain having lower rates compared to others.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sock Hoon Tan, Tat Ming Ng, Hui Lin Tay, Min Yi Yap, Shi Thong Heng, Audrey Yong Xin Loo, Christine B. Teng, Tau Hong Lee
Summary: A point prevalence survey was conducted in COVID-19 wards at two centers in Singapore to describe antibiotic utilization and evaluate antibiotic appropriateness. Results showed low prevalence of antibiotic use among confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients at these two centers, but a significant proportion of inappropriate antibiotic use was identified.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tiyani Comfort Mthombeni, Johanita Riette Burger, Martha Susanna Lubbe, Marlene Julyan
Summary: This report describes the use of antibiotics and identifies areas for improvement in antibiotic stewardship program implementation in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chu-ning Wang, Jianning Tong, Bin Yi, Benedikt D. Huttner, Yibing Cheng, Shuangjie Li, Chaomin Wan, Qingxiong Zhu, Qionghua Zhou, Shiyong Zhao, Zhiqiang Zhuo, Daobin Wang, Chunmei Jia, Qing-wen Shan, Yun Zhao, Chenfu Lan, Dongchi Zhao, Yibo Zhou, Jing Liu, Chunhui Zhu, Yu Zhu, Rui Li, Xiaodan Wu, Zhenghong Qi, Caihong Wang, Huiling Gao, Wenyu Ye, Liling Zhang, Xiaohong Xu, Hui Hu, Pu Yang, Nicola Magrini, Mei Zeng
Summary: The study conducted in 2019 in 16 hospitals in China revealed a common overuse of broad-spectrum Watch group antibiotics in pediatric inpatients. Specific interventions to reduce the use of Watch antibiotics are recommended based on the findings, and routine surveillance of antibiotic use using WHO AWaRe metrics should be implemented for better antibiotic stewardship.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Amanj Kurdi, Awat J. Hasan, Kirmanj I. Baker, R. Andrew Seaton, Zhian S. Ramzi, Jacqueline Sneddon, Brian Godman
Summary: The high prevalence of antibiotic use in hospitals in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) highlights the need for improved prescribing practices, such as documenting treatment indications and developing treatment guidelines.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ines Pauwels, Ann Versporten, Helene Vermeulen, Erika Vlieghe, Herman Goossens
Summary: The Global-PPS methodology was effective in helping hospitals worldwide to identify antimicrobial prescribing issues and initiate antimicrobial stewardship activities. Differences in antimicrobial stewardship implementation were observed across regions, while hospitals in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries shared similar learning needs and barriers for implementing AMS programs.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helen L. Zhang, Champica Bodinayake, Gaya B. Wijayaratne, Pasangi Jayatissa, D. L. Bhagya Piyasiri, Ruvini Kurukulasooriya, Tianchen Sheng, Ajith Nagahawatte, Christopher Woods, L. Gayani Tillekeratne
Summary: This study conducted a survey at an outpatient department of a public tertiary medical center in Sri Lanka and found a high prevalence of antibiotic prescription at 35.7%, with respiratory indications being the most common reason for prescriptions. The data highlights the need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship in outpatient settings in Sri Lanka.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Reuben Kiggundu, Rachel Wittenauer, J. P. Waswa, Hilma N. Nakambale, Freddy Eric Kitutu, Marion Murungi, Neville Okuna, Seru Morries, Lynn Lieberman Lawry, Mohan P. Joshi, Andy Stergachis, Niranjan Konduri
Summary: This study assessed antibiotic use in hospitals in Uganda using the standardized point prevalence survey methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. The findings revealed gaps in antibiotic usage, such as low compliance with clinical guidelines and excessive use of watch-classified antibiotics. The results of this study are important benchmarks for improving antimicrobial stewardship in Uganda and guiding future evaluations.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Milan Drobac, Katarina Otasevic, Bojana Ramic, Milica Cvjeticanin, Igor Stojanac, Ljubomir Petrovic
Summary: The study examined the antibiotic prescribing practices of Serbian dentists when treating endodontic infections, revealing that some dentists prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily and do not always follow safe prescribing recommendations. Additional education on responsible antibiotic use is needed to address this issue and prevent bacterial resistance.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Bethany A. Wattles, Navjyot K. Vidwan, Yana Feygin, Kahir S. Jawad, Liza M. Creel, Michael J. Smith
Summary: The study indicates that female, children under 2 years old, white, and rural children in Kentucky Medicaid have higher rates of antibiotic prescriptions. There is significant geographic variability in prescribing, with children in Eastern Kentucky receiving more than 3 courses of antibiotics a year. Most antibiotic prescriptions for children are written by general practitioners and nurse practitioners rather than pediatricians.
JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Se Yoon Park, Song Mi Moon, Bongyoung Kim, Myung Jin Lee, Ji Young Park, Soyoon Hwang, Shi Nae Yu, Yu-Mi Lee, Ho Jin Lee, Kyung-Wook Hong, Kyung-Hwa Park, Yee Gyung Kwak, Chisook Moon, Min Hyok Jeon, Sun Hee Park, Young Keun Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eu Suk Kim, Tae Hyong Kim, Hong Bin Kim
Summary: The study assessed the prevalence and appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in Korea, finding a significant proportion of prescriptions to be inappropriate. Interventions for high-frequency infections and antibiotic prescribing practices are needed.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kai Lucassen, Carina Mueller, Julia Wille, Kyriaki Xanthopoulou, Meredith Hackel, Harald Seifert, Paul G. Higgins
Summary: The most prevalent tigecycline resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were caused by alterations in the regulators of RND-type efflux pumps, with disruption of the adeN gene being the most common. Mutations and IS element disruptions in the adeRS regulatory system from Southern European countries were associated with higher tigecycline MICs, although less commonly observed.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ines Pauwels, Ann Versporten, Nico Drapier, Erika Vlieghe, Herman Goossens
Summary: The study analyzed antibiotic use data from 664 hospitals in 69 countries from 2015 to 2018, and found significant variations in AWaRe prescribing patterns globally, especially in the therapeutic and prophylactic use of Watch antibiotics. The WHO AWaRe classification plays a crucial role in assessing and informing stewardship activities at local and national levels.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
P. Barbadoro, J. Dolcini, C. Fortunato, D. Mengarelli detto Rinaldini, E. Martini, M. G. Gioia, D. Mengoni, M. M. D'Errico
Summary: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control conducted a survey in 14 acute care hospitals to analyze the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as well as associated factors. The survey revealed a high prevalence of HAIs and antibiotic consumption, emphasizing the need for improved infection control measures.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Peter Csonka, Sauli Palmu, Paula Heikkila, Heini Huhtala, Matti Korppi
Summary: The study evaluated antibiotic prescriptions for children with otitis media in a nationwide network of private clinics and found that prescriptions for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were in line with national guidelines, while macrolide prescriptions decreased.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Rafael Dal-Re, Cristina Calvo, Olaf Neth
Article
Immunology
Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Meryta May, Sarah Tozer, Rebecca Day, Anne Bernard, Julian Zaugg, Kyana Gartrell, Soren Alexandersen, Anthony Chamings, Claire Y. T. Wang, Julia Clark, Keith Grimwood, Claire Heney, Luregn Schlapbach, Robert S. Ware, David Speers, Ross M. Andrews, Stephen Lambert
Summary: A study found that the recombinant strain of human parechovirus 3 (HPeV3-AR) was the dominant strain in the outbreaks of sepsis-like illnesses in infants in Australia. However, this strain was not associated with increased disease severity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Chiara Minotti, Daniele Mengato, Marica De Pieri, Sabrina Trivellato, Andrea Francavilla, Costanza Di Chiara, Cecilia Liberati, Raffaele Mattera, Alessandra Biffi, Carlo Giaquinto, Francesca Venturini, Daniele Dona
Summary: This retrospective observational study investigated the safety of monoclonal antibodies and antivirals for the prevention of severe COVID-19 in fragile pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms. The results showed that antivirals were as effective and safe as monoclonal antibodies for early treatment of COVID-19 in children. This suggests that antivirals are a valuable choice for treating COVID-19 in fragile children, even when administered off-label.
Article
Pediatrics
Isabel Gonzalez-Bertolin, Guillermo Barbas Bernardos, Leire Garcia Suarez, Irene Martin Espin, Cristina Barcia Aguilar, Rosario Lopez Lopez, Cristina Calvo
Summary: This study retrospectively observed 590 children diagnosed with febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs) and found that electrolyte and renal function disturbances were rare in this population and often asymptomatic. Therefore, systematic blood analysis may not be necessary in the absence of risk factors.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michele Pinon, Laura Giugliano, Francesca Rocchi, Mara Cananzi, Cinzia Auriti, Barbara Wade, Pier Luigi Calvo, Carlo Giaquinto, Giuseppe Indolfi
Summary: A survey revealed significant heterogeneity in hospital policies and practices for the prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Europe. The implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway is necessary to establish a stronger connection between the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal phases.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lisa McHugh, Annette K. Regan, Mohinder Sarna, Hannah C. Moore, Paul Van Buynder, Gavin Pereira, Christopher C. Blyth, Karin Lust, Ross M. Andrews, Kristy Crooks, Peter Massey, Michael J. Binks
Summary: Compared to other Australian women, First Nations women are less likely to receive recommended antenatal vaccines, while women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are more likely to receive them. Women living in remote areas are less likely to be vaccinated, while women living in areas of advantage are more likely to be vaccinated. Addressing these disparities should be a core priority for the Australian healthcare system and vaccine providers.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Daniele Dona, Luz Yadira Bravo-Gallego, Esteban Frauca Remacha, Mara Cananzi, Andrea Gastaldi, Juan Torres Canizalez, Xavier Stephenne, Florence Lacaille, Caroline Lindemans, Elisabetta Calore, Nathalie Galea, Elisa Benetti, Edith Nachbaur, Ana Rita Sandes, Ana Teixeira, Sandra Ferreira, Maja Klaudel-Dreszler, Oanez Ackermann, Olivia Boyer, Laura Espinosa, Luis Garcia Guereta, Marco Sciveres, Bjoern Fischler, Nicolaus Schwerk, Mette Neland, Emanuele Nicastro, Luca Dello Strologo, Jacek Toporski, Inga Vainumae, Jelena Rascon, Vaidotas Urbonas, Teresa del Rosal, Eduardo Lopez-Granados, Giorgio Perilongo, Alastair Baker, Paloma Jara Vega
Summary: This study evaluates the attitudes and practices of pediatric transplant centers towards active immunization and highlights inconsistent immunization coverage among European pediatric transplant recipients. The findings emphasize the need for shared evidence-based immunization protocols and further research.
PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Prabha H. H. Andraweera, Bing Wang, Margie Danchin, Christopher Blyth, Ivo Vlaev, Jason Ong, Jodie Dodd, Jennifer Couper, Thomas R. R. Sullivan, Jonathan Karnon, Nicola Spurrier, Michael Cusack, Dylan Mordaunt, Dimi Simatos, Gus Dekker, Samantha Carlson, Jane Tuckerman, Nicholas Wood, Lisa Whop, Helen S. S. Marshall
Summary: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a multi-component nudge intervention to improve influenza and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women. The intervention includes SMS text message reminders and educational videos to increase vaccination rates. The results of this study will provide guidance for future vaccination efforts among pregnant women.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter W. Horby, Natalie Staplin, Leon Peto, Jonathan R. Emberson, Mark Campbell, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Buddha Basnyat, Louise Thwaites, Rogier van Doorn, Raph L. Hamers, Jeremy Nel, John Amuasi, Manisha Rawal, Dipansu Ghosh, Jonathan Douse, Fergus Hamilton, Anthony Kerry, Pinky Thu-Ta, John Widdrington, Christopher A. Green, Purav Desai, Richard Stewart, Nguyen Thanh Phong, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya Buch, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Edmund Juszczak, Katie Jeffery, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Alan Montgomery, Aparna Mukherjee, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Marion Mafham, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: Empagliflozin is not associated with reduced mortality, hospital stay, or progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalized adults with COVID-19.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bruno Salaun, Jonathan De Smedt, Charlotte Vernhes, Annick Moureau, Deniz Oner, Arangassery Rosemary Bastian, Michel Janssens, Sunita Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh, Jeroen Aerssens, Christophe Lambert, Samuel Coenen, Christopher C. Butler, Simon B. Drysdale, Joanne G. Wildenbeest, Andrew J. Pollard, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Louis Bont, RESCEU Investigators
Summary: Cellular immunity plays a primary role in preventing symptomatic RSV infections in older adults, according to a study. T-cell data were found to be more predictive of RSV infection than functional antibody data.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Charalampos Zarras, Elias Iosifidis, Maria Simitsopoulou, Styliani Pappa, Angeliki Kontou, Emmanuel Roilides, Anna Papa
Summary: This article reports a case of neonatal sepsis caused by CAZ/AVI-resistant bla(KPC-2)-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla(VEB-25), and describes the use of a customized active surveillance program and enhanced infection control measures. The emergence of bla(VEB-25) signals horizontal plasmid transfer in hospital facilities and highlights the importance of monitoring for novel resistance mechanisms. Molecular diagnostics can guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy and the early implementation of infection control measures against antimicrobial resistance.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tatiana Chisnoiu, Adriana Luminita Balasa, Larisia Mihai, Ancuta Lupu, Corina Elena Frecus, Irina Ion, Antonio Andrusca, Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi, Maria Nicolae, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Constantin Ionescu, Cristina Maria Mihai, Simona Claudia Cambrea
Summary: Neonatal diabetes mellitus, a rare genetic disease, affects 1 in 90,000 live births. Onset of the disease is often before 6 months old, with rare cases between 6 months and 1 year. It is characterized by low or absent insulin levels, requiring temporary or permanent insulin therapy. This research discusses two cases of preterm girls with neonatal diabetes mellitus, reviewing mutations, patient care, and clinical outcomes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elizabeth White, Amy Legg, Alexandra Bogart, Nicolette Graham, Faten Jebreen, Julia E. Clark
Summary: This retrospective analysis examines the use of sotrovimab in 32 at-risk children with COVID-19, providing dosing recommendations and demonstrating its feasibility in the pediatric population under 12 years old and under 40 kg.
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure due to malabsorption caused by chloride transport derangement. Optimal nutritional care and support are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and life expectancy. This report analyzes the nutrition support in CF patients of different ages, focusing on the relationship with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes, and the use of CFTR modulators. Early nutrition support in CF should aim at achieving optimal nutritional status to support growth and development in children and maintain it in adulthood. This involves a high calorie, high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplemental enteral feeding may be needed when oral intake is insufficient. CFTR modulators have positive effects on nutritional status, including weight gain, BMI improvement, pulmonary function, and reduction of exacerbations. Challenges remain in developing new drugs to transform CF into a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Mussi, Roberta Forestiero, Giulia Zambelli, Letizia Rossi, Maria Rosaria Caramia, Valentina Fainardi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the main manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy are the most common causes of upper airway lumen reduction in children aged 2 years or older. Both surgical and non-surgical options are effective treatments for OSA in children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
