Article
Chemistry, Applied
Philipp Schroeder, Jasper Wattjes, Monika Schoenhoff, Bruno M. Moerschbacher, Cornelia Cramer, Stefan Cord-Landwehr
Summary: A new method for quantitatively analyzing chitosan in aqueous solution using enzymatic cleavage, N-acetylation, UHPLC separation, and ELSD detection is introduced. The method allows for chromatographic separation solely based on the degree of polymerization. The overall chitosan concentration is determined by multiplying the concentrations of chitooligosaccharides by their degree of polymerization.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Michal B. Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Struszczyk-Swita, Meng Xiao, Miroslawa Szczesna-Antczak, Tadeusz Antczak, Magdalena Gierszewska, Alexander Steinbuchel, Maurycy Daroch
Summary: Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, but due to its difficult process of modification, it is often considered waste. Enzymatic treatment shows promise as an alternative method, but preparing multiple biocatalysts can be expensive. This study characterized chitin deacetylases of Mucor circinelloides IBT-83 and utilized them in the construction of a polycistronic expression system for chitin-processing enzymes.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ohood A. Amer, Sameh S. Ali, Maha Azab, Wagih A. El-Shouny, Jianzhong Sun, Yehia A. -G Mahmoud
Summary: Exploitation of shellfish waste for bioconversion can maximize the utilization of chitin-containing seafood processing wastes, producing enzymes and bioactive materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lili Yin, Qi Wang, Jianan Sun, Xiangzhao Mao
Summary: Chitin deacetylase SbCDA from Streptomyces bacillaris was expressed and characterized. The enzyme showed the highest deacetylation activity at 35°C, pH 8.0. The activity was enhanced by Mn2+ and inhibited by Zn2+, SDS, and EDTA. A mutant SbCDA63G with higher activity and better temperature stability was obtained, showing a potential for industrial production of chitosan.
Article
Polymer Science
Dominika Kulig, Zaneta Krol-Kilinska, Lukasz Bobak, Barbara Zarowska, Andrzej Jarmoluk, Anna Zimoch-Korzycka
Summary: This study aimed to obtain chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan (CH) with improved functional properties. Two different enzymes, commercial cellulase (CL) and the dedicated enzyme chitosanase (CS), were used for comparison. Results showed that the enzymes had different cleavage mechanisms. The fractions LMF and NF had improved solubility compared to HMF and CH samples, and LMF was sensitive to high temperatures. COS were a mixture of oligomers with different degrees of polymerisation. LMF had lower DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to HMF and NF.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guang Yang, Xiaoyue Hou, Jing Lu, Minbo Wang, Yuhan Wang, Yichen Huang, Qitong Liu, Shu Liu, Yaowei Fang
Summary: In this study, chitin deacetylase from Microbacterium esteraromaticum MCDA02 (MeCDA) was purified and characterized. The enzyme can efficiently catalyze the deacetylation of chitin and hydrolytic cleavage of the acetamido bond in GlcNAc units. These findings suggest a value-added utilization of chitin based biological resources.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lu Li, Yu-Qin Wang, Guang-Ya Li, Qi-Sheng Song, David Stanley, Shu-Jun Wei, Jia-Ying Zhu
Summary: Chitin plays a significant role in insects, and enzymes involved in chitin metabolism are crucial for insect development and metamorphosis. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 54 genes encoding putative chitin metabolism enzymes in the genome of the yellow mealworm. These genes showed dynamic expression patterns during molting and were predominantly expressed in specific tissues or body parts, indicating their important roles in molting and development.
ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Donatella Di Lisa, Elena Dellacasa, Laura Pastorino
Summary: The study investigated the enzymatic degradation of chitosan microbeads scaffold supporting a mature 3D neuronal network. It was found that the degradation rate was influenced by the presence of cells, and the electrophysiological activity of 3D neuronal networks remained unchanged after scaffold degradation.
Article
Microbiology
Yanina S. Rizzi, Petra Happel, Sandra Lenz, Mounashree J. Urs, Martin Bonin, Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Ratna Singh, Bruno M. Moerschbacher, Regine Kahmann
Summary: The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, a biotrophic fungus, possesses a family of chitin deacetylases (CDAs) with seven genes that play discrete and redundant roles in virulence and cell wall integrity. The study shows that different CDAs have specific functions in evading plant immune recognition and modifying chitin to chitosan. Surprisingly, the simultaneous inactivation of all seven genes is not tolerated, indicating the essential role of chitosan for the fungus's viability.
Review
Polymer Science
Alessandro Pellis, Georg M. Guebitz, Gibson Stephen Nyanhongo
Summary: This review provides an overview of chitosan as an important raw material for various applications and discusses different sources, extraction and conversion techniques, inherent characteristics, and customization methods of chitosan. The review also explores the effects of degree of acetylation, degree of deacetylation, and molecular weight on the properties of chitosan.
Article
Entomology
Xibin Yang, Cao Zhou, Guiyun Long, Hong Yang, Chen Chen, Daochao Jin
Summary: Twelve full-length chitinase transcripts were identified from S. furcifera, with eight genes showing peak expression levels before each nymph molting, primarily highly expressed in the integument, while silencing of SfCht5, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2 genes resulted in molting defects and lethality.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yu Xiao, Haiqiang Lu, Yang Liu, Yaxin Sang, Jilu Sun
Summary: In this study, the whole genome sequence of Rhodococcus sp. 11-3, a strain with high chitin deacetylase activity, was assembled using a combined Illumina and PacBio sequencing strategy. The genome annotation revealed the presence of chitin deacetylase and chitinase genes that were distinct from the previously reported ones. This finding provides valuable information for further research and application in the utilization of chitin resources.
JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Subham Rakshit, Kalyanbrata Pal, Subhadeep Mondal, Arijit Jana, Keshab Chandra Mondal, Suman Kumar Halder
Summary: This study focuses on the enzymatic extraction of chitosan from chitin, avoiding the adverse effects of chemical treatment and reducing environmental pollution. A bacterial strain, Alcaligens faecalis CS4, was identified as a potent chitin deacetylase (CDA) producer. After optimization, a CDA production of 40.69 U/mL was achieved. The resulting chitosan exhibited desirable properties, including high solubility, degree of deacetylation, crystallinity index, molecular weight, and decomposition temperature. It also demonstrated antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity, mucoadhesiveness, and cholesterol binding properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maiko Uehara, Chinatsu Takasaki, Satoshi Wakita, Yasusato Sugahara, Eri Tabata, Vaclav Matoska, Peter O. Bauer, Fumitaka Oyama
Summary: Monkey CHIA can efficiently degrade chitin and chitosan under high-temperature or low pH conditions, and the reaction conditions can be adjusted to obtain desired oligomers.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Koichi Shirokawa, Shoki Tanaka, Izuru Kawamura, Toshiki Sawada, Takeshi Serizawa
Summary: In this study, alkyl beta-celluloside assemblies loaded with fluorescent molecules were synthesized and characterized. The fluorescence intensities of these assemblies decreased upon enzymatic degradation of the cellulose moieties, indicating the release of fluorescent molecules into the aqueous phase. The rate of fluorescence decrease was dependent on the concentration and source of cellulase. Therefore, these assemblies can serve as substrates for cellulase detection assays by measuring changes in fluorescence intensities. Additionally, the assemblies can be used as carriers for the controlled release of loaded molecules triggered by enzymatic degradation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yue Yu, Zhengquan Su, Hua Cao
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Di Yang, Canji Hu, Xiaoyi Deng, Yan Bai, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Review
Infectious Diseases
Cuiting Zhi, Jingqing Huang, Jin Wang, Hua Cao, Yan Bai, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2019)
Article
Spectroscopy
Zijun Sun, Weiling Zou, Jieyi Huang, Zhengquan Su, Yan Bai
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin Wang, Wanping He, Di Yang, Hua Cao, Yan Bai, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dawei Yu, Jiayao Feng, Huimin You, Shipeng Zhou, Yan Bai, Jincan He, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: Chitosan oligosaccharides, derived from abundant marine resources, have been proven to exhibit various biological activities. Their properties can be further enhanced through the formation of different derivatives, making them superior to chitosan itself. This review provides an overview of the key structures and synthesis methods of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, as well as discussing their applications in antimicrobial and antitumor fields.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiayao Feng, Shuting Qiu, Shipeng Zhou, Yue Tan, Yan Bai, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: This paper explores the various mechanisms by which mTOR regulates lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, autophagy, inflammation, genetic polymorphisms, and epigenetics in NAFLD. The research suggests that mTOR plays a crucial role in the development of NAFLD and provides new therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Huimin You, Xiaoyi Deng, Yan Bai, Jincan He, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: Chitosan oligosaccharides with low molecular weight (COST) is a natural product that can improve intestinal microflora and resist lipid metabolism disorders. Experiments have shown that COST can reduce lipid metabolism disorders and regulate intestinal microorganisms. The regulatory role of COST in intestinal microorganisms may play a central role in improving gut microbe composition, increasing beneficial bacteria abundance, improving lipid metabolism disorders, and inhibiting the development of metabolic disorders.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shuting Qiu, Jiajia Chen, Yan Bai, Jincan He, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of galactose oligosaccharide (GOS) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through in vivo and in vitro experiments and explored the mechanism by which GOS improves liver lipid metabolism and inflammation through liver and intestinal microbiological analysis. The results showed that GOS can promote body thermogenesis, regulate lipolysis, and accelerate glycine and cholesterol metabolism. GOS also reduced the contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in cells, reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets, and altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These findings provide a basis for the use of GOS as a health food with anti-NAFLD functions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhichen Deng, Huifeng Zhang, Ping Yuan, Zhengquan Su, Yan Bai, Zhina Yin, Jincan He
Summary: The appropriate addition of phosphate salt can improve food quality and taste, but excessive intake can lead to health problems. Therefore, it is important to establish a cost-effective, convenient, sensitive, and selective method for monitoring phosphate ion in order to control food quality. In this study, a Co-based metal-organic frameworks nanomaterial with dual functions was designed for sensitive detection of phosphate ion. By utilizing the peroxidase-like activity and specific recognition capability of the material, a catalytic chromogenic platform was created for the detection. The proposed colorimetric assay showed a good linear relationship between phosphate concentration and absorbance, with a wide dynamic range and low detection limit. The method was successfully applied to real food samples, demonstrating its practicality and reliability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shipeng Zhou, Qiuhua Tan, Bingjian Wen, Yan Bai, Qishi Che, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) may be a potential functional food for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) due to its protective mechanism involving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinghua Guo, Chengcheng Zhang, Yan Bai, Qishi Che, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: The aim of this study was to find a suitable treatment for acute drug-induced liver injury. The use of nanocarriers improved the therapeutic effect of natural drugs in hepatocytes. Dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) were synthesized and modified with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) to form drug-loaded nanoparticles (COSM@MSN-NH2-GA). The nano-drug particles enhanced cell uptake and decreased AST and ALT indexes. This study provides a potential nano-delivery scheme for targeted therapy of acute drug-induced liver injury.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feng Li, Zhengyan Zhang, Yan Bai, Qishi Che, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of GLC in NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that GLC attenuated insulin resistance, inflammation, and liver lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD mice. GLC treatment improved liver lipid metabolism, relieved insulin resistance and oxidative stress, increased intestinal barrier function, and reduced liver inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-kappa B pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minchuan Zhou, Jingqing Huang, Jingwen Zhou, Cuiting Zhi, Yan Bai, Qishi Che, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: This study investigated the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of chitooligosaccharide (COS) in diet-induced obese mice. The results showed that COS administration reduced body weight, improved lipid metabolism, and alleviated inflammation. Lipidomic analysis revealed underlying lipid biomarkers involved in insulin resistance, thermogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathways. Western blot assay confirmed that COS intervention improved insulin resistance, inhibited de novo synthesis, and promoted thermogenesis and β-oxidation through the AMPK pathway.
