A concise and focused overview upon arylglyoxal monohydrates-based one-pot multi-component synthesis of fascinating potentially biologically active pyridazines

Pyridazine derivatives are a consequential class of heterocyclic compounds, which expose a wide range of distinguished biological activities. For example, pyridazine scaffolds are known as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosine kinase (TYK), janus kinase (JAK), tankyrase (TNKS), autotaxin (ATX), glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1), carbonic anhydrase (CA), aldose reductase (ALR), aldehdyde oxidase (AOX), excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT-2) activator, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), glutaminase 1 (GLS-1), alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2), cyclin-dependant kinase (CDK), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1), hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT-2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD), factor XIa, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), HIV-1 reverse transcriptase 1, monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B), tubulin polymerization topoisomerase Ii alpha(Topo Ii alpha), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and many others. Furthermore, the mentioned heterocyclic frameworks exist in the structure of commercial drugs and agrochemical products. In addition, they have a decisive role in organic synthesis, especially as starting material in the pharmaceutically interesting compounds preparations. In this regard, the design and introduce simple, cost-effective, highly efficient, and selective synthetic strategies for the mentioned six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic frameworks preparation are precious. This review has been covered almost all research papers that were described a series of arylglyoxal monohydrates-based one-pot multi-component protocols for the synthesis of various attention-grabbing potentially biologically active pyridazines. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and drug (or drug-like compounds) designers. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Pyridazine derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds with a wide range of biological activities. They are not only found in commercial drugs and agrochemical products, but also play a crucial role in organic synthesis. This review summarizes the research papers on the synthesis of pyridazines using simple, cost-effective, efficient, and selective strategies.