Review
Neurosciences
Benneth Ben-Azu, Elisabetta C. del Re, Jared VanderZwaag, Micael Carrier, Matcheri Keshavan, Mohammadparsa Khakpour, Marie-Eve Tremblay
Summary: This review investigates the issue of premature brain aging in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). It is found that SCZ and accelerated aging are associated with changes in epigenetic clocks. Furthermore, environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can influence the gut microbiota system, which in turn regulates neuronal activity and brain reserves. The review also discusses the impact of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, as well as the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome and their potential therapeutic benefits or adverse effects.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meenakshi Kandpal, Omkar Indari, Budhadev Baral, Shweta Jakhmola, Deeksha Tiwari, Vasundhra Bhandari, Rajan Kumar Pandey, Kiran Bala, Avinash Sonawane, Hem Chandra Jha
Summary: The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network that connects the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in linking gut health to higher cognitive functions of the brain. Disruption of this connection can lead to various neurological and gastrointestinal problems. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the dysfunction of specific populations of neurons and the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These disorders are not only caused by changes in neural tissue, but also by non-neural factors. The gut microbiota and intestinal dysbiosis have been shown to be potential factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Monica Sanchez-Tapia, Alberto Mimenza-Alvarado, Lizbeth Granados-Dominguez, Adriana Flores-Lopez, Adriana Lopez-Barradas, Victor Ortiz, Claudia Perez-Cruz, Hilda Sanchez-Vidal, Julieta Hernandez-Acosta, Jose Alberto Avila-Funes, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Armando R. Tovar, Nimbe Torres
Summary: Currently, the number of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (D) is increasing. This study investigated the role of tau protein, beta-amyloid, LPS, and curli protein in elderly individuals with MCI or D, as well as the contribution of gut microbiota. The results showed that as individuals aged, tau protein, beta-amyloid, and LPS increased significantly in serum during MCI and D. This was associated with an increase in the abundance of E. coli that synthesize the amyloid protein curli, leading to the aggregation of amyloid proteins. Rats also exhibited an increase in curli protein abundance in the brain with aging. Thus, an alteration in the gut microbiota-brain axis, characterized by an increase in curli protein and LPS, contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia through the increase in tau and beta-amyloid protein.
Review
Microbiology
Tarek Mazzawi
Summary: Research suggests that manipulating gut microbiota can improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with dietary management and other approaches showing promise in changing gut composition and alleviating IBS symptoms. However, more research is needed to identify the exact mixture of beneficial bacteria.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gordon William Moran, Gita Thapaliya
Summary: Malnutrition is a significant issue in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a complex interplay between gut peptides, psychological, cognitive factors, disease symptoms, and inflammatory burden ultimately influencing eating behavior in patients with IBD. Patients with Crohn's disease may exhibit hedonic desires and emotional eating patterns to alleviate negative emotions, while impulsivity traits in IBD patients could lead them to prioritize immediate food rewards over long-term health concerns. Furthermore, alterations in gut-brain signaling due to upregulation of enteroendocrine cells’ peptide response to food intake in ileal inflammation may also play a role in appetite and eating behavior.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angel Yun-Kuan Thye, Yi-Rou Bah, Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Ya-Wen He, Sunny-Hei Wong, Sivakumar Thurairajasingam, Kok-Gan Chan, Learn-Han Lee, Vengadesh Letchumanan
Summary: Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a role in modulating the development of diseases beyond the gastrointestinal tract, including skin disorders. The gut-skin axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and skin health, regulated through mechanisms such as inflammatory mediators and the immune system. Microbiota dysregulation has been observed in various inflammatory skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis. Understanding the involvement of the gut microbiome in regulating skin health could lead to the development of novel therapies for these skin disorders, particularly psoriasis.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shingo Bessho, Kaitlyn C. M. Grando, Kathrine Kyrylchuk, Amanda Miller, Andres J. Klein-Szanto, Wenhan Zhu, Stefania Gallucci, Vincent Tam, Cagla Tukel
Summary: This study found that mice from Taconic Farms, which have higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, exhibited significantly aggravated immune responses after being injected with purified curli compared to mice from Jackson Labs. The results suggest that differences in microbiota can influence the exacerbation of autoimmune responses.
Review
Immunology
Benedetta Parodi, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
Summary: The gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by modulating immune responses and disease progression through alterations in the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis-induced pro-inflammatory intestinal environment and altered communication with the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to CNS inflammation in MS and EAE, while neuroinflammation affecting efferent cholinergic transmission could lead to intestinal inflammation as disease progresses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fahim Muhammad, Bufang Fan, Ruoxi Wang, Jiayan Ren, Shuhui Jia, Liping Wang, Zuxin Chen, Xin-An Liu
Summary: The gut and the brain are connected through millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the bidirectional communication, regulating intestinal homeostasis and influencing brain activity. Changes in gut microbiota composition and function affect neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jose Arimatea de Oliveira Nery Neto, Victor Yuji Yariwake, Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara, Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
Summary: Recent studies suggest that the interaction between the gut and kidney is crucial for maintaining their proper function, and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and their hormones play an important role in mediating this gut-kidney crosstalk. These hormones have shown renoprotective effects and have potential for the treatment of kidney diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dora C. Moldovan, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Sharmila Fagoonee, Rinaldo Pellicano, Ludovico Abenavoli, Dan L. Dumitrascu
Summary: This article summarizes the pathways linking gut microbiota with cardiovascular diseases, including metabolic endotoxemia, alteration of pattern recognition receptors, and changes in various metabolite levels.
Review
Biology
Ayelen Melisa Blanco, Jessica Calo, Jose Luis Soengas
Summary: The gut and brain communicate and influence each other through the gut-brain axis, regulating food intake and physiological processes. Studies on this axis in non-mammalian vertebrates are limited, and gaps in knowledge need to be filled to better understand its function and significance.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Inaki Robles-Vera, Nestor de la Visitacion, Marta Toral, Manuel Sanchez, Manuel Gomez-Guzman, Rosario Jimenez, Miguel Romero, Juan Duarte
Summary: The study suggests that MMF reduces gut dysbiosis in SHR by improving gut integrity, reducing neuroinflammation, and enhancing aortic endothelial function, ultimately leading to lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dan Zhou, Qiu Wang, Hanmin Liu
Summary: The gut-lung axis may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of COVID-19, influencing disease severity through regulating microbiota, microbiota metabolites, common mucosal immunity, and ACE2 pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pedram Honarpisheh, Robert M. Bryan, Louise D. McCullough
Summary: The microbiota-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) is a communication network between gut microbes and the host, and dysbiosis disrupts this network, affecting the host's immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. Dysbiosis is linked to aging and stroke, and is associated with stroke risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. The article summarizes the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors and discusses current understanding of microbiota-based therapies for stroke.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Janelle M. Korf, Bhanu P. Ganesh, Louise D. McCullough
Summary: In the field of biological research, females have been historically underrepresented. However, with the increasing interest in the gut microbiome and the gut-brain axis, it is important to consider sex as a biological variable. The composition of the gut microbiome is influenced by various factors and differs by age and sex. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome is believed to impact the development of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, most studies only use male animals, even though reproductively senescent females show differences in disease progression, inflammatory responses, and microbiota composition.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Janelle M. Korf, Pedram Honarpisheh, Eric C. Mohan, Anik Banerjee, Maria P. Blasco-Conesa, Parisa Honarpisheh, Gary U. Guzman, Romeesa Khan, Bhanu P. Ganesh, Amy L. Hazen, Juneyoung Lee, Aditya Kumar, Louise D. McCullough, Anjali Chauhan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that CD11b(high) B cells, a subset of B cells, play a role in post-stroke recovery and cognitive decline. These cells can regulate microglia phenotype and increase their phagocytosis, likely through the production of regulatory cytokines. CD11b(high) B cells are more prevalent in aged mice and increase in frequency in the brain after stroke. Their influence on the post-stroke immune response is subset-specific.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)