期刊
FUEL
卷 318, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123703
关键词
Mass transfer; Alcoholysis; Solvent effect; Solid catalyst
资金
- pole CTM (Continuum Terre-Mer)
- EP2M (Energies, Propulsion, Matiere, Materiaux) de Normandie universite
- Region Normandie
- University of Rouen Normandy
- INSA Rouen Normandy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [HN0001343]
- Labex SynOrg [ANR-11-LABX-0029]
- Carnot Institute I2C
- graduate school for reasearch XL-Chem [ANR-18-EURE-0020 XL CHEM]
- FEDER RIN Green Chem [2019NU01FOBC08, 17P04374]
The use of alkyl levulinates in fuels is becoming increasingly popular, and n-butyl levulinate is preferred over ethyl levulinate. The traditional production method of n-butyl levulinate has some corrosion issues, so alcoholysis of fructose by butanol over cation exchange resins is considered a better alternative. However, the effects of water addition, solvent choice, swelling effect, and fructose solubility on this reaction are still unclear.
The use of alkyl levulinates is growing interest in fuels. Adding n-butyl levulinate (BL) to fuels presents some benefits compared to ethyl levulinate. The conventional production route of BL is from the esterification of levulinic acid, but the latter compound presents some corrosion issues. Alcoholysis of fructose by butanol over cation exchange resins (solid catalyst) seems to be a better alternative. The effect of water addition, solvent, swelling effect (from the cation exchange resin), and fructose solubility at temperatures higher than 25 degrees C are unclear on this reaction. To understand these effects, the alcoholysis of fructose by butanol at 110 degrees C in different solvents, e.g., gamma-valerolactone (GVL), were studied in a pressurized autoclave in an inert environment. The dissolution study was conducted in a temperature range of 20-120 degrees C in different solvents. The concentration profiles of fructose, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), 5-(butoxymethyl)furfural (BMF) and BL were analyzed in different solvents: butanol/water, butanol, butanol/GVL/water and butanol/GVL. We found that using a butanol/GVL (70/30 wt%) solvent is better from the conversion and dissolution viewpoints.
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