期刊
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
卷 176, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2022.108944
关键词
Brine; Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD); Minimal Liquid Discharge (MLD); Saline wastewater; Resource recovery; Brine utilization
This review article investigates and evaluates the potential of recovering all of the resources present in brine through its treatment and utilization in MLD/ZLD systems. Challenges, research gaps, and future prospects are identified, aiming for decarbonized and sustainable brine management.
Brine is a saline water present in the natural environment and produced by desalination and other process industries such as the oil & gas, textile, leather, food, dairy, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. Although brine was designated to be discharged in the early stages of the brine management strategy, its environmental impacts have recently prompted the adoption of a new management approach. This change is the shift from disposal to utilization and resource recovery. Apart from being a source of freshwater, brine can also be a source of salts, minerals, metals, chemicals, bioactive compounds, and even energy (known as 'osmotic power', 'salinity gradient power' or 'blue energy'). Minimal Liquid Discharge (MLD) and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems can be employed for the treatment and recovery of valuable resources. This review article is the first to investigate and evaluate the potential of recovering all of the resources present in brine through its treatment and utilization in MLD/ZLD systems. Overall, the challenges, research gaps, and future prospects are identified through this analysis, with the ultimate goals of decarbonized and sustainable brine management.
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