Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qilin Long, Zhichao Liu, Monika Gullerova
Summary: To maintain genomic stability, cells have developed comprehensive DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, where transient transcriptional activation at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites plays a crucial role in efficient repair while the rest of the genome experiences temporary transcriptional silencing. The regulation of transcription at DSBs involves various accessory proteins and processes that are still not fully understood.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiaqi Liang, Guangyin Zhao, Yunyi Bian, Guoshu Bi, Qihai Sui, Huan Zhang, Haochun Shi, Guangyao Shan, Yiwei Huang, Zhencong Chen, Lin Wang, Cheng Zhan
Summary: This study reveals the important role of HNF4G in cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma. High expression of HNF4G is positively correlated with cisplatin resistance and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Mechanistically, HNF4G promotes cisplatin resistance by binding to the MAPK6 promoter region and activating the MAPK6/Akt pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nhung Pham, Zhenxin Yan, Yang Yu, Mosammat Faria Afreen, Anna Malkova, James E. Haber, Grzegorz Ira
Summary: The research demonstrates that mutagenic break-induced replication (BIR) is suppressed at two-ended DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by proteins coordinating the usage of two ends of a DSB. Key proteins involved in this suppression include ssDNA annealing proteins Rad52 and Rad59, D-loop unwinding helicase Mph1, and the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex promoting synchronous resection of DSB ends. Sir2 also plays a role in silencing heterochromatic repair templates to prevent BIR.
Article
Biology
Nadia Vertti-Quintero, Ethan Levien, Lucie Poggi, Ariel Amir, Guy-Franck Richard, Charles N. N. Baroud
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of microfluidic device to study DSBR at a single-cell level in yeast. The dynamics of DSBR were analyzed and a differential equation model was developed to obtain repair process rates. The study identified three types of DSB repair events that were previously unrecognized.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Honoka Obata, Atsushi B. Tsuji, Hitomi Sudo, Aya Sugyo, Katsuyuki Minegishi, Kotaro Nagatsu, Mikako Ogawa, Ming-Rong Zhang
Summary: Research has shown that the use of no-carrier-added radio-cisplatin can cause severe DNA damage without chemical harm, by releasing Auger electrons very close to the DNA target. Although uptake is low, this method can still induce DNA double-strand breaks effectively. Efficient delivery of radio-drugs to DNA is crucial for the successful clinical application of Auger electrons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Anna de Polo, David P. Labbe
Summary: This review explores the impact of diet on genomic instability and highlights the role of altered one-carbon metabolism metabolites in influencing methylation processes and tumorigenesis. It suggests that certain diets, like the Western diet, can erode DNA repair capacity due to changes in epigenetic and epitranscriptomic landscapes, while others, like the Mediterranean diet, may support proficient DNA repair. Changes in dietary patterns can affect the activity of writers and erasers of histone and RNA methyl marks, impairing their role in DNA damage repair.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen Liu, Jiahao Liu, Yang Li, Hao Wang, Zixi Liang, Xiaojie Deng, Qiaofen Fu, Weiyi Fang, Ping Xu
Summary: The downregulation of VPS33B in tumors is a factor that promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mechanistic studies show that VPS33B inhibits EGFR Ras/ERK signaling, leading to reduced expression of oncogenic factors like c-Myc. Additionally, the interaction between VPS33B and NESG1 affects LUAD migration and invasion through different signaling pathways.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangyun Wei, Xiaohe Li, Shuming Hu, Jinke Cheng, Rong Cai
Summary: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer, and there is a need to explore novel targets and drugs to improve outcomes. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death, has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms and regulation of ferroptosis in LUAD, as well as its application in therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Vikash Kumar Yadav, Corentin Claeys Bouuaert
Summary: The article outlines the latest advances in understanding the mechanism of meiotic DSB formation, emphasizing the tight regulation of DSBs and the significance of recombination mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kouji Hirota
Summary: Meiotic recombination is a crucial event for accurate chromosome segregation and genetic diversity in gametes. Spo11 plays a key role in initiating meiotic recombination by catalyzing double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs caused by Spo11 are repaired through homologous recombination, resulting in physical contact between homologous chromosomes. Recombination hotspots, non-uniformly induced sites of meiotic recombination, exist in genomes. The fission yeast ade6-M26 is a well-studied recombination hotspot.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celine Moison, Jalila Chagraoui, Marie-Christine Caron, Jean-Philippe Gagne, Yan Coulombe, Guy G. Poirier, Jean-Yves Masson, Guy Sauvageau
Summary: The study reveals that E4F1 plays a critical role in DNA repair, orchestrating proper signaling and repair of double-strand breaks. The results also identify E4F1 as a key factor in the DNA damage response mechanism.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anika Kuster, Nour L. Mozaffari, Oliver J. Wilkinson, Jessica L. Wojtaszek, Christina Zurfluh, Sara Przetocka, Dawid Zyla, Christine von Aesch, Mark S. Dillingham, R. Scott Williams, Alessandro A. Sartori
Summary: A peptide mimetic targeting CtIP was developed, which effectively inhibits CtIP activity, leading to impaired DNA repair and replication fork degradation, with selective toxicity to BRCA1-mutated cancer cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future development of CtIP-targeting compounds for cancer treatment.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yuduki Someya, Sakine Kobayashi, Kazuya Toriumi, Shigeki Takeda, Noritaka Adachi, Aya Kurosawa
Summary: Natural antioxidants derived from plants show various physiological effects, including antitumor effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of each natural antioxidant have not been fully elucidated. This study focused on DNA as a target and evaluated the effects of antioxidants on DNA damage. The results showed that some antioxidants induced DNA damage through different mechanisms, while others exhibited cytotoxic effects through other mechanisms.
Article
Neurosciences
Semer Maksoud
Summary: Gliomas are the most common tumors in the central nervous system, characterized by cellular infiltration, heterogeneity, and the presence of stem-like cells. These properties make their treatment difficult, especially in response to chemoradiotherapy. This review focuses on DNA double-strand breaks, an important type of genetic material damage, and how gliomas regulate their formation and repair. It discusses the therapeutic potential of inducing these breaks and suppressing their repair as a mechanism to control brain tumor development.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feng Jiang, Qiang Shen, Fan Zhang, Jiali Fu, Lijuan Hu, Junjun Wang, Huixin Zhou, Jian Chen, Yumin Wang
Summary: The ADH1C/MAT1A axis may increase cisplatin resistance in LUAD cells, and upregulation of MAT1A is associated with poor prognosis of LUAD.
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Xinru Zhou, Yin Jia, Chuanbin Mao, Shanrong Liu
Summary: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), such as exosomes, have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and promising drug delivery vehicles in tumor progression. They can serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and as drug carriers for cancer treatment.
Article
Oncology
Ruochan Chen, Ju Zhu, Xiao Zhong, Jie Li, Rui Kang, Daolin Tang
Summary: The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, with HMGB1 serving as a key regulator in these processes.
Article
Oncology
Zongfu Pan, Xixuan Lu, Tong Xu, Jinming Chen, Lisha Bao, Ying Li, Yingying Gong, Yulu Che, Xiaozhou Zou, Zhuo Tan, Ping Huang, Minghua Ge
Summary: This study uncovered the emerging role of HN1 in promoting dedifferentiation of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. HN1 negatively regulated the thyroid differentiation markers and had an inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activation of CTCF, thereby influencing the chromatin accessibility of thyroid differentiation genes.
Article
Oncology
Yi Qin, Shengjun Xiong, Jun Ren, Gautam Sethi
Summary: Autophagy plays an important regulatory role in glioblastoma, and its dysregulation can lead to drug resistance and radioresistance. It also affects stem cell characteristics, overall growth, and metastasis. Therefore, autophagy is a promising target for glioblastoma therapy.
Article
Oncology
Katsuya Nagaoka, Xuewei Bai, Dan Liu, Kevin Cao, Joud Mulla, Chengcheng Ji, Hongze Chen, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Amalia Bay, William Mueller, Grace Hildebrand, Jin-Song Gao, Shaolei Lu, Hiroko Setoyama, Yasuhito Tanaka, Jack R. Wands, Chiung-Kuei Huang
Summary: This study found that serum 2-OG levels in cholangiocarcinoma patients are associated with the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Patients with progressive disease showed significantly higher levels of serum 2-OG compared to stable disease and partial response patients. The study also revealed that overexpression of ASPH mimics the effects of 2-OG, and knockdown of ASPH improves chemotherapy. Targeting ASPH enhances the effects of chemotherapy by modulating ATM and ATR, two key regulators of DDRs.