Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chunxiang Guo, Yaxin Wu, Yang Zhang, Xinchao Liu, Aixin Li, Meixia Gao, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Guanzhi Chen, Xiaojie Huang
Summary: The overall prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among ART-naive patients with primary HIV infection (PHI)/acute HIV infection (AHI)/early HIV infection (EHI) is at a moderate level, emphasizing the need for baseline drug resistance testing for public health surveillance and guiding the choice of antiretroviral therapy (ART). TDR to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is the highest, while TDR to integrase inhibitors (INIs) is the lowest, which may influence the selection of clinical antiretroviral drugs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Bin Zhao, Wei Song, Mingming Kang, Xue Dong, Xin Li, Lu Wang, Jianmin Liu, Haibo Ding, Zhenxing Chu, Lin Wang, Yu Qiu, Hong Shang, Xiaoxu Han
Summary: This study describes the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shenyang, China between 2016 and 2019. The results show a moderate prevalence of TDR (5-15%) in Shenyang, and TDR strains are mainly transmitted among men who have sex with men (MSM).
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Alexander N. Shchemelev, Sanaba Boumbaly, Yulia Ostankova, Elena B. Zueva, Alexander Semenov, Areg A. Totolian
Summary: By studying the structure of drug resistance in newly diagnosed patients with HIV-1, it was found that some patients in the Republic of Guinea already had drug-resistant strains before receiving antiretroviral therapy. This suggests that the spread of drug-resistant HIV is not always directly related to selective drug pressure, but may be influenced by the availability of drugs.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dongwei Kang, Yanying Sun, Da Feng, Shenghua Gao, Zhao Wang, Lanlan Jing, Tao Zhang, Xiangyi Jiang, Hao Lin, Erik De Clercq, Christophe Pannecouque, Peng Zhan, Xinyong Liu
Summary: This article reports the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, antiviral activity, enzyme inhibition, and druggability evaluation of dihydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as a potent class of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Compounds 14b and 16c exhibited superior potency against a panel of HIV-1-resistant strains, especially for specific mutations. They also showed moderate RT enzyme inhibition and favorable pharmacokinetic and safety properties, making them promising candidates for further development.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dongwei Kang, Yanying Sun, Da Feng, Shenghua Gao, Zhao Wang, Lanlan Jing, Tao Zhang, Xiangyi Jiang, Hao Lin, Erik De Clercq, Christophe Pannecouque, Peng Zhan, Xinyong Liu
Summary: In this study, dihydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Compounds 14b and 16c exhibited superior antiviral activity and RT enzyme inhibition, making them promising leads for further development.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wahyu Nawang Wulan, Evy Yunihastuti, Dona Arlinda, Tuti Parwati Merati, Rudi Wisaksana, Dewi Lokida, Zehava Grossman, Kristi Huik, Chuen-Yen Lau, Nugroho Harry Susanto, Herman Kosasih, Abu Tholib Aman, Sunarto Ang, Rita Evalina, Anak Agung Ayu Yuli Gayatri, Chakrawati Hayuningsih, Agnes Rengga Indrati, July Kumalawati, Vivi Keumala Mutiawati, Mario Bernardinus Realino Nara, Asvin Nurulita, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Adria Rusli, Musofa Rusli, Dewi Yennita Sari, Justina Sembiring, Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro, Wiwi Endang Susanti, Janice Tandraeliene, Fransisca Lianiwati Tanzil, Aaron Neal, Muhammad Karyana, Pratiwi Sudarmono, Frank Maldarelli
Summary: A new multiassay algorithm (MAA) was developed to identify recent HIV infection in Indonesia. The study found that ongoing HIV transmission, including drug-resistant infections, is substantial in the country.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Filia Stephanie, Mutiara Saragih, Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan
Summary: Tuberculosis control remains an issue in countries with a high burden of the disease, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The emergence of drug-resistant TB cases poses a challenge to the WHO's efforts to reduce the catastrophic cost of TB by 2035. Antitubercular agents, host-directed therapy, and immunotherapy have all been explored as potential approaches to combat drug-resistant TB. Challenges in diagnosis, treatment regimens, and drug discovery impact treatment adherence and outcomes in drug-resistant TB cases.
Review
Immunology
Dale Liebenberg, Bhavna Gowan Gordhan, Bavesh Davandra Kana
Summary: Drug resistant tuberculosis is a significant global burden that needs to be addressed holistically, including interrupting transmission, developing rapid diagnostics, contact tracing, preventing evolution of drug resistant strains, developing shorter regimens, and evaluating clinical endpoints.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Romaniya Zayats, Thomas T. Murooka, Lyle R. McKinnon
Summary: The risk of HIV acquisition is low on a per-contact basis but increased by transmission co-factors such as other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HPV, a prevalent STI, is associated with cervical cancer and evidence suggests that HPV infection increases the risk of HIV infection in both men and women. This review explores the impact of HPV infection on HIV transmission rates, as well as its effects on mucosal inflammation, immune cell trafficking, and epithelial barrier function.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Kimberly M. Nelson, Alexandra Skinner, Kristen Underhill
Summary: This study examines the current laws regarding minor consent for sexually transmitted infection/HIV services and the level of confidentiality protection in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Damon Getman, Seth Cohen, Alice Jiang
Summary: This study evaluated the distribution of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in female urogenital specimens and found complex combinations of specimen types and sequence phenotypes. Vaginal swab sampling showed the highest sensitivity for detecting macrolide-resistant urogenital tract infections.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xianlong Zhang, Guoliang Li, Guang Chen, Niu Zhu, Di Wu, Yongning Wu, Tony D. James
Summary: Zika virus is a particularly notorious mosquito-borne flavivirus with devastating effects on both fetuses and adults. Researchers worldwide are working tirelessly to develop effective detection strategies and vaccines to combat ZIKV infection.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Amitabh Bipin Suthar, Vichea Ouk, Sovannarith Samreth, Bora Ngauv, Rommel Bain, Bunthoeun Eng, Chhaily Hy, Alexandra Ernst, George W. Rutherford, Chunfu Yang, Vanthy Ly, Rachel Albalak
Summary: We compared characteristics of HIV diagnosis and recent infection in Cambodia, finding differences in geographical burden and risk behaviors. Men who have sex with men, transgender women, and entertainment workers had a higher risk of recent infection. Monitoring recent infections can provide valuable information for HIV programs.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jessica Tuan, Onyema Ogbuagu
Summary: This paper reviews the compound Lenacapavir, a potent and long-acting HIV-1 capsid inhibitor that has been granted breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA for HIV treatment. The article discusses the chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy and safety of lenacapavir based on clinical trial data. Additionally, it provides expert opinions on the clinical uses and potential future applications of lenacapavir.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yifan Su, Mingxue Qi, Mingli Zhong, Nawei Yu, Chen Chen, Zi Ye, Cong Cheng, Zhiliang Hu, Hongying Zhang, Hongxia Wei
Summary: This study investigated the epidemic characteristics of and risk factors for HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Nanjing from 2018 to 2021. The overall drug resistance rate was 8.2%, with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors being the most common. Patients with a low CD4+ T lymphocyte count were more likely to have TDR.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)