The role of arthropods in early colonization near melting glaciers: Contradictions between ecological assumptions and recent study results

Virgin grounds left free by melting glaciers offer unique possibilities to study colonization processes and succession patterns by biological communities. Here, we summarize recent studies about the way arthropods contribute to form pioneer communities. This has been a groping research process with much ecological learning. Several ecologically sound assumptions have proved wrong. We list and discuss 16 contradictions between common assumptions and recent study results. These misinterpretations have been solved thanks to the increasing number of studies performed with a multi-taxa approach and an increased number of glacier forelands investigated. Among these are the classic predator first paradox which should be substituted with the Collembola first principle. Long before vascular plants establish, chlorophyll may be present in biofilm or tiny pioneer mosses, and pioneer Collembola graze on these sources. Virgin ground may not be as hostile environment for arthropods as it may look. A pioneer community enigma is discussed, trying to understand the high ecological diversity among pioneer arthropods. Further studies of arthropods' role in glacier forelands may be ecologically rewarding.

Automated summary

This article summarizes recent studies on the role of arthropods in the formation of pioneer communities, challenging common ecological assumptions. The research indicates that the virgin ground left by melting glaciers may not be as hostile to arthropods as previously believed. The article also discusses the mystery of the high ecological diversity among pioneer arthropods.