Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sima A. Alidokht, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: Metal matrix composites reinforced with WC particles and Co or Ni matrices are known for their unique combination of hardness, toughness, and superior wear performance. This study focused on Ni-WCNi composite coatings and found that coatings with higher WC fill ratios displayed better wear resistance due to the uniform distribution of WC particles and shorter mean free path reducing adhesive wear. However, at higher loads, subsurface crack propagation at WC particle interfaces led to a reduction in the protective role of mechanically mixed layers. Scratch tests were used to qualitatively compare coating cohesion strengths and correlate them to wear properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-Hui Yang, Kai-Fei Wang, Kuo-Chih Chou, Guo-Hua Zhang
Summary: Fine grained WC-Co-Ni cemented carbides with low binder content were successfully manufactured via powder metallurgy, with experimental results showing that adjusting the cobalt and nickel contents can result in alloys with excellent hardness and fracture toughness.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. I. Dvornik, E. A. Mikhailenko, A. A. Burkov, D. A. Kolzun, O. O. Shichalin
Summary: This study proposes the use of 3D printing to create molds for pressing cemented carbide compacts. Solid molds were made using the fused material extrusion technique from polylactide, and pressure was applied to obtain rectangular standard samples and square cutting inserts. The density and properties of the compacts and sintered products obtained from the plastic molds were compared to those formed by pressing in a hardened steel mold at a higher pressure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qianzhi Wang, Mingling Zhou, Fei Zhou, Zhifeng Zhou, Xuxin Jin
Summary: By increasing the Ni or Cu content, the hardness of CrBN coatings decreased while the resistance to circle cracks was enhanced, due to the weakening of sink-in condition, even distribution of tensile stress, and enhanced plastic deformation ability after Ni or Cu incorporation.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qianzhi Wang, Mingling Zhou, Fei Zhou, Zhifeng Zhou, Xuxin Jin
Summary: This study deposited CrBN-Ni and CrBN-Cu coatings with different Ni or Cu contents by adjusting the current of NiCr or Cu target, and compared the toughening effect of Ni and Cu. The results showed that increasing Ni or Cu content decreased the hardness of CrBN coatings, but enhanced their resistance to circle cracks. The enhanced resistance to circle cracks was attributed to the weakening degree of sink-in condition, the even distribution of tensile stress, and the enhanced plastic deformation ability after Ni or Cu incorporation.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Gaurav Prashar, Hitesh Vasudev, Lalit Thakur
Summary: Post-spray treatments are becoming popular for improving the quality of thermally sprayed coatings, especially those done with the HVOF technique. Research on WC and Ni-based coatings deposited using HVOF has focused on structure-property correlations and various improvement mechanisms. Recent advancements in post-treatments like microwave hybrid heating and laser-assisted processing have been reviewed to understand the performance of HVOF sprayed coatings.
SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY-METROLOGY AND PROPERTIES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Felice Rubino, David Merino-Millan, Fausto Tucci, Pedro Poza
Summary: Nickel-based coatings are widely used as thermal barriers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability. This study investigates the influence of various factors on the deposition of pure nickel onto a steel substrate using low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) technique, and determines the optimal deposition conditions.
SURFACE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Meng Li, Manfeng Gong, Zanlin Cheng, Deyun Mo, Lei Wang, Jan Dusza, Chengyu Zhang
Summary: WC-Co-Ti3SiC2 cemented carbides with different fractions of Ti3SiC2 were successfully prepared and characterized in this study. The addition of Ti3SiC2 resulted in refined WC grains in the composites, and the refinement was achieved by the decomposition of Ti3SiC2. The optimal composition of 3.0 wt% Ti3SiC2 exhibited excellent hardness and indentation fracture toughness values.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziyu Wei, Dandong Cui, Zheng Wei, Sheng Hong
Summary: In this study, WC-Cr3C2-Ni and WC-Ni coatings were applied to steel surfaces using HVOF spray. The corrosion behaviors of these coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with varying Na2S concentrations were investigated. Electrochemical tests were conducted to measure the corrosion resistances of the coatings, while SEM and XPS analysis were used to study their morphologies and corrosion products. It was found that the passivation of the coatings played a key role in their corrosion resistances, with sulphide concentration negatively affecting the integrity of passive films. The WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating exhibited better corrosion resistance due to its stable structure and higher tendency for repassivation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Wania Jibran, James Hogan, Andre McDonald
Summary: In this study, the effects of spray parameters on low-pressure cold-sprayed WC-17Ni coatings were analyzed using a 3(3) full factorial design methodology. Optimal spray parameters (OSP) were determined to maximize coating thickness and hardness while minimizing surface porosity. The interaction between parameters significantly influenced coating hardness, suggesting that selected parameters have a statistically significant impact on the coating quality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, Zheng Zhang, Debbie Hwee Leng Seng, Zhi-qian Zhang, Jisheng Pan, Vinod Kumar, Jonathan Zheng, Carlos Manzano, Andrew Ngo
Summary: In this study, we evaluated the thermal diffusivity and inherent porosity of cold-sprayed Ti-6Al-4V coatings on Al6061-T6 substrates using pulsed thermography and a multilayer analytical model. Our results showed a decrease in porosity and an increase in thermal diffusivity as the spray angle increased. We also developed a numerical model to simulate transient heat diffusion and confirmed the effectiveness of our methodology. This study provides insights into the thermal dynamics of cold-sprayed coatings and the interplay between processing parameters and thermal properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Kessaraporn Wathanyu, Karuna Tuchinda, Siriporn Daopiset, Sirinrath Sirivisoot
Summary: The corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of titanium (Ti) porous coating with high and low porosity gradients were studied. The results showed that the porosity gradients had little effect on corrosion resistance and rate, but could promote bone cell ingrowth.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pengcheng Du, Chang Liu, Hongyun Hu, Chunhui Zhang, Mingzhen Fan, Mingchuan Gao, Tongzhou Chen
Summary: This study aims to reduce wear between titanium alloy parts and improve their service life by spraying different Ni-based coatings on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy. The hardness and fracture toughness of the coatings have an impact on the specific wear rates. However, the cutting and adhesion effects of the coatings can lead to severe wear loss. The moderately hard Ni45 coating has weaker cutting and adhesion effects, resulting in the lowest wear loss.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Chen, Hongkai Zhou, Zhimin Pi, Zhiwu Huang
Summary: This study investigates the influence of different accelerating gas temperatures on the deposition performance of Ni-coated Al coatings by cold spraying. The results show that increasing the accelerating gas temperature enhances the embedding depth of Ni-coated Al particles into the Al substrate, but not on the Q235 steel substrate. Additionally, the morphology, phase composition, porosity, and thickness of the coatings are affected by the accelerating gas temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marina Samodurova, Nataliya Shaburova, Olga Samoilova, Ahmad Ostovari Moghaddam, Kirill Pashkeev, Vladimir Ul'yanitckiy, Evgeny Trofimov
Summary: This paper focuses on the characterization of WC-10Co-4Cr coating deposited on an Al-4Cu-1Mg alloy using detonation spray method. The results showed that the coating has low porosity and refined carbide grains. The variation of spraying distance did not influence the coating microstructure and composition.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Lioma, N. Sacks, I. Botef
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Enoch N. Ogunmuyiwa, Natasha Sacks, Lennart Bergstrom, Farid Akhtar
TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS
(2017)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
A. Shemi, A. Magumise, S. Ndlovu, N. Sacks
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Nunthavarawong, N. Sacks, I Botef
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Davoren, N. Sacks, M. Theron
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrew M. Venter, Vladimir Luzin, Deon Marais, Natasha Sacks, Enoch N. Ogunmuyiwa, Phil H. Shipway
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Martin Bezuidenhout, Gerrit Ter Haar, Thorsten Becker, Sabrina Rudolph, Oliver Damm, Natasha Sacks
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Brandon Davoren, Natasha Sacks, Maritha Theron
Summary: The study aimed to improve the properties of a WC-9.2wt% Monel 400 alloy using LENS technology. Different microstructures were observed in the alloy, leading to variations in hardness profiles from the substrate-alloy interface to the alloy surface. The laser remelted alloy showed significantly higher surface hardness compared to other alloys.
PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
P. Govender, D. C. Blaine, N. Sacks
Summary: The study found that particle size distribution is a key factor influencing powder spreadability, with larger particles hindering even spreading over the base plate and being correlated with powder apparent density. Flow rate and angle of repose can indicate powder cohesion, with more cohesive powders having poorer spreadability.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Carlo Martin Olivier, Gert Adriaan Oosthuizen, Natasha Sacks
SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING FOR GLOBAL CIRCULAR ECONOMY
(2019)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
A. A. Enever, G. A. Oosthuizen, N. Sacks, M. D. Burger, J. F. Oberholzer
JOURNAL FOR NEW GENERATION SCIENCES
(2017)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
N. B. S. Magagula, N. Sacks, I. Botef
JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY
(2016)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziyan Zhao, Kaiyue Zheng, Xianghui Yu, Qian Qi, Lujie Wang, Yan Liu
Summary: In-situ TiC/Ni composites with Ta element were fabricated by reactive sintering. It was found that Ta element could reduce the oxidation rate and decrease the content of TiO2 and NiTiO3 in the oxide scale, thereby optimizing the oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the composites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai Wang, Mingyuan Ma, Yingchun Diao, Qijun Huang, Xiangkui Zhou, Guojian Li, Qiang Wang
Summary: The relationship between the V(C, N) content and the thickness of the gradient layer in nanocrystalline cemented carbides was investigated. The introduction of V(C, N) was found to enhance the mechanical properties of these materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Claudio Bertalan, Steven Moseley, Leonel Pereira, Ralph Useldinger
Summary: The influence of sintering temperature, dwelling time at maximum temperature and carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical and magnetic properties of WC-6%Co hardmetal was investigated. Results showed that to maximize hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS), sintering should be performed at a low temperature (< 1400°C) and with a dwelling time of at least 75 minutes. This is particularly important for low carbon parts to ensure the necessary microstructure homogeneity required for high TRS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Longlong Sun, Hang Li, Ningxin Wei, Jianliang Li, Jiewen Huang, Jian Kong, Qiujie Wu, Yan Shi, Dangsheng Xiong
Summary: By regulating the microstructure of TaBx films deposited by magnetron sputtering, the hardness and wear resistance of the films can be improved. With the increase of the bias voltage, the B content decreases and the crystallinity is enhanced. The microstructure of the films transforms from fibrous to dense columnar and then to granular structure. At a bias voltage of -180 V, the films exhibit super high hardness and relatively moderate fracture toughness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liang Xia, Kai Liu, Yucheng Cao, Chao Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the microstructure information and mechanical behavior of ion-irradiated zirconium alloys through experimental measurements and theoretical analysis. Experimental procedures involve Au3+ irradiation of specific alloys, and transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the formation of precipitates and their transformation after ion-irradiation. Macroscopic mechanical properties are characterized by nano-indentation tests, revealing significant indentation size effect and irradiation hardening behavior. A mechanistic model is developed to explain the depth-dependent hardness observed in ion-irradiated zirconium alloys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiangtao Zhang, Guoqin Huang, Yangli Xu, Jianyu Wang, Guangyao Han, Yuanqiang Tan
Summary: Selective laser melting (SLM) provides a novel method for the integrated production of structural and functional metal-matrix diamond composites in the field of diamond tools. In this study, a discrete element method model is developed to simulate the spreading process of diamond/CuSn composite powders. The findings reveal that adjusting the physical properties of diamond particles and process parameters can improve the powder bed quality and particle dynamics, leading to better performance of diamond tools.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Roman Gabor, Ladislav Cvrcek, Karel Masek, Josef Hlinka, Oldrich Motyka, Jan Walter, Grazyna Simha Martynkova, Gabriela Mikeskova, Jana Seidlerova
Summary: This study investigated the surface modification of β-Ti39Nb alloy using micro-arc oxidation technique, and examined the relationships between surface chemical composition, morphology, and tribological and corrosion properties. The results showed that the technique improved the wear resistance of the alloy, and the particle analysis confirmed the correlation between particle composition and tribological parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Benedetto Bozzini, Matteo Amati, Luca Gregoratti, Majid Kazemian, Francesco Tavola, Sandra Tedeschi, Gian Pietro De Gaudenzi
Summary: In this study, the composition and chemical state of the surface of hardmetal subjected to controlled electrochemical corrosion were analyzed using synchrotron-based scanning photoelectron microscopy and photoelectron microspectroscopy. The results showed that corrosion under different conditions led to surface enrichment and leaching of different chemical elements and species.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Roebuck, M. G. Gee, K. P. Mingard, H. G. Jones, H. Zhang, V. Tong
Summary: Metrology provides scientific support for the practical use of testing standards and helps establish a common language for different users regarding material capabilities. The hardmetal industry already has numerous international standards, but there is still room for improvement in certain testing strategies. The Materials Group at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK focuses on metrology and has highlighted specific metrological issues that need further attention. These include high hardness measurements, dislocation analysis, micro-tribology, nanoindentation, and structural characterization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Suyeon Kim, Taehyun Kwon, Seulgi Kim, Sung Ho Song, Dongju Lee
Summary: This study examines the effect of two different methods, oxide reduction and mechanical alloying, on the sintering behavior and microstructure of molybdenum-tungsten sintered compacts. The sintered compacts produced with oxide-reduced nanopowders exhibit higher density, purity, and a finer microstructure, making them more suitable for sputtering targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. M. Ferro Rocha, A. M. Santos, R. Mineiro, P. Pereira, J. Sacramento, A. M. R. Senos, A. C. Bastos
Summary: This study compares the corrosion resistance of different hardmetal composites and their binders in a corrosive environment. Through electrochemical testing methods, the corrosion behavior of these materials was studied, and the influence of the binder's electrochemical behavior on the corrosion resistance of hardmetal was explored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bo Li, Yong Zheng, Wangwang Wang, Hao Wu, Yufan Li, Jin Lv
Summary: The effects of various Cr doping amounts on the microstructure and properties of Mo2FeB2-based cermets were investigated using EDS, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that moderate Cr doping enhanced the system's wettability, fracture toughness, and transverse rupture strength, while excessive Cr addition decreased mechanical properties. The solid-solution of Cr in the hard phase had the most pronounced effect on the mechanical properties of the cermets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Min Lian, Fei Wang, Kaixuan Rong, Xiaoci Ma, Hetian Liu, Xinmiao Gai, Yufei Ge, Shushan Dong, Qiang Tao, Pinwen Zhu
Summary: This study successfully optimized the toughness of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) by adjusting the intergranular fracture (IF) and transgranular fracture (TF) modes. The results showed that a mixture of the IF and TF modes resulted in higher hardness and toughness in PCD compared to a single fracture mode. The toughness of the PCD was approximately three times that of single-crystal diamonds and comparable to that of pure nanotwinned diamonds. The mixed modes introduced toughening mechanisms such as high frequency large crack deflection, crack bridging, pull-out, and crack branching, which increased the toughness of the PCD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruifang Wang, Xiang Zhan, Yongqiang Chen, Chao Zhang, Yusi Che, Jilin He
Summary: The particle size and morphology of tungsten powders play a crucial role in determining the processing properties of tungsten products. This study investigated the effects of water vapor partial pressure on the hydrogen reduction of tungsten oxides, and proposed a method of changing the particle size of tungsten powders using bottom blowing hydrogen. The experimental results showed that bottom-blowing hydrogen could improve the uniformity of tungsten powders in a crucible by eliminating discrepancies in water vapor partial pressure. The partial pressure of water vapor increased with the temperature of the water bath, leading to an increase in the average particle size of tungsten powders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oladapo Eso, Xu Wang, Samuel Wolf, Travis Puzz
Summary: In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend in incorporating alloying additives into WC-Co hardmetals for property enhancement. This paper establishes correlations between properties and microstructure of binder modified WC-Co compositions, and explains the observed property correlations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2024)
