The effects of shape on the performance of cathode catalyst agglomerates in polymer electrolyte fuel cells A micro-scale FEM study

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the effects of the shape on the performance of the cathode catalyst agglomerate used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The shapes investigated are slabs, cylinders and spheres. Design/methodology/approach - Three 1D models are developed to represent the slab like, cylindrical and spherical agglomerates, respectively. The models are solved for the concentration of the dissolved oxygen using a finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics (R). 1D and 1D axisymmetric schemes are used to model the slab like and cylindrical agglomerates, respectively. There is no one-dimensional scheme available in COMSOL Multiphysics (R) for spherical coordinate systems. To resolve this, the governing equation in 1D scheme is mathematically modified to match that of the spherical coordinate system. Findings - For a given length of the diffusion path, the variation in the performances of the investigated agglomerates is dependent on the operational overpotential. Under low magnitudes of the overpotentials, where the performance is mainly limited by reaction, the slab-like agglomerate outperforms the spherical and cylindrical agglomerates. In contrast, under high magnitudes of the overpotentials where the agglomerate performance is mainly limited by diffusion, the spherical and cylindrical agglomerates outperform the slab-like agglomerate. Practical implications - The current advances in the nano-fabrication technology gives more flexibility in designing the catalyst layers in PEFCs to the desired structures. If the design of the agglomerate catalyst is to be assessed, the current micro-scale modelling offers an efficient and rapid way forward. Originality/value - The current micro-scale modelling is an efficient alternative to developing a full (or half) fuel cell model to evaluate the effects of the agglomerate structure.