Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Elias Orouji, Ayush T. Raman
Summary: The human genome is shaped by a variety of histone modifications, which play a crucial role in determining chromatin states and organization. Using statistical models and computational tools, noncoding regions of DNA can be annotated and combinatorial histone marks inferred. These marks enable the discovery of genomic function and activity, and their patterns change in different cell conditions.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachel Hendricks, John G. Keilp, Mohammad Lesanpezeshki, Rina Muqkurtaj, Steven P. Ellis, Hanga Galfalvy, Ainsley K. Burke, Nadine Melhem, J. John Mann
Summary: This study examined the performance on the CD-RISC in individuals with familial risk for mood disorder and suicidal behavior. The study found that individuals with a history of suicide attempt had the lowest CD-RISC scores. However, CD-RISC scores were strongly correlated with other common risk factors for suicide attempt, such as hopelessness and subjective depression. Group differences in CD-RISC scores were eliminated when these risk factors were accounted for. Rating: 7 out of 10.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Muskan Garg
Summary: The increasing use of the internet for expressing personal thoughts and beliefs has made it easier for the social NLP research community to identify and validate the connections between social media posts and mental health status. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on social media data underscore the importance of real-time responsible AI models for mental health analysis. This comprehensive survey focuses on quantifying mental health on social media, classifying research directions in social computing, tracking advances in ML and DL models, and examining social well-being through personal writings on social media. The paper outlines various research directions for mental healthcare, including the handling of online social media data for stress, depression, and suicide detection. The key features of this manuscript include feature extraction and classification, recent advancements in AI models, publicly available dataset, and future research directions. The paper aims to introduce young researchers and academic practitioners to the field of computational intelligence for mental health analysis on social media, providing a quantitative synthesis and qualitative review of over 92 potential research articles. In addition, the paper releases a collection of existing work on suicide detection in an easily accessible and updatable repository.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Shanshan Li, Yinquan Fang, Yihe Zhang, Mengmeng Song, Xilin Zhang, Xiao Ding, Hang Yao, Miaomiao Chen, Yiming Sun, Jianhua Ding, Qin Wang, Ming Lu, Guangyu Wu, Gang Hu
Summary: This study reveals the involvement of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and microglial NLRP3 inflammasome in depression. Knockout of Nlrp3 in microglial cells alleviates the induction of A1-like astrocytes and improves neuronal dysfunction. The NF-KB pathway and caspase-1 activation play crucial roles in the production of A1-like astrocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuizheng Kong, Guangyao Zhao, Lifeng Gao, Xiuying Kong, Daowen Wang, Xu Liu, Jizeng Jia
Summary: In this study, the association between transposons (TEs), chromatin states, and chromatin accessibility in Aegilops tauschii was analyzed. It was found that TEs contributed to the diverse distribution of chromatin states and affected the chromatin state and openness of potential regulatory elements. Some TE superfamilies carried active/open chromatin regions. Furthermore, the accessibility shaped by TEs was associated with the histone mark H3K9ac. These findings highlight the role of TEs in shaping the epigenetic landscape and regulating gene expression in Aegilops tauschii.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacek Stando, Zywilla Fechner, Agnieszka Gmitrowicz, Karl Andriessen, Karolina Krysinska, Adam Czabanski
Summary: Depression and suicide-related searches show peak interest on Monday nights and early mornings, except in Italy. These findings can be utilized in suicide prevention efforts, such as determining operating hours for helpline numbers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Benedicte Nobile, Emilie Olie, Elia Gourguechon-Buot, Enrique Baca Garcia, Philip Gorwood, Sofia Abascal-Peiro, Philippe Courtet
Summary: This study investigates the factors associated with transitioning from recent suicidal ideation to suicide attempts in depressed outpatients. The study followed up on depressed adult outpatients in France for six weeks. Logistic regressions were used to explore the differences between patients with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide and those who did not.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Zhao, Kelly N. Chuh, Baichao Zhang, Barbara E. Dul, Robert E. Thompson, Lorna A. Farrelly, Xiaohui Liu, Ning Xu, Yi Xue, Robert G. Roeder, Ian Maze, Tom W. Muir, Haitao Li
Summary: The study found that the readers of H3K4me3 retain binding to H3K4me3Q5ser, while the erasers are significantly inhibited. The results suggest that H3Q5ser may potentially fine-tune critical gene expression programs by stabilizing H3K4me3 from dynamic turnover or enhancing its physical readout by downstream effectors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tapio Paljarvi, Jari Tiihonen, Markku Lateenvuo, Antti Tanskanen, Seena Fazel, Heidi Taipale
Summary: This study aimed to establish the risk of suicide associated with incident psychotic depression (PD) compared to incident non-psychotic severe depression (NPD). The results showed that PD was associated with a twofold increased risk of suicide compared to NPD, with the highest relative risks for impact-related and suffocation-related suicides. This study revealed some characteristics of PD patients in terms of the severity of suicidal ideation and choice of self-harm methods.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janie Busby Grant, Philip J. Batterham, Sonia M. McCallum, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Alison L. Calear
Summary: Research highlights the importance of considering anxiety symptoms in predicting suicidal ideation and attempts among youth. Incorporating anxiety, worry, and sleep disturbances as risk factors is crucial for public health and clinical settings.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuexuan Wang, Yu Han, Yuzhen Jin, Qiang He, Zhicheng Wang
Summary: This study discusses the pathogenesis of cancer and the impact of radiotherapy on cancer. It has been found that epigenetic modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Radiation therapy affects the epigenetic modifications of DNA, chromatin, etc., which in turn affects the treatment outcomes. Therefore, studying the interaction between radiotherapy and epigenetic modifications can help us better understand cancer treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carlos Roncero, Joselin Perez, Jesus Molina, Jose Antonio Quintano, Ana Isabel Campuzano, Javier Perez, Marc Miravitlles
Summary: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its association with demographic and clinical variables. The study found that suicidal ideation is common in COPD patients, especially in women. Severe depression is significantly associated with the occurrence of suicidal ideation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Schuichi Koizumi
Summary: Emotion-related neural networks are regulated by glial cells, and glial dysfunction can be directly related to emotional diseases such as depression. This article discusses three different therapeutic strategies involving astrocytes that are effective for treating depression, specifically fluoxetine, electroconvulsive therapy, and sleep deprivation therapy. These treatments all involve the release of ATP from astrocytes, indicating the essential role of glial purinergic signals in the pathogenesis of depression.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Rachel L. Zelkowitz, Tate F. Halverson, Tapan A. Patel, Jean C. Beckham, Patrick S. Calhoun, Mary Jo Pugh, Nathan A. Kimbrel
Summary: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant concern among U.S. veterans, with wall/object-punching being a common method. This study explores the relationship between this behavior, other NSSI methods, and psychosocial outcomes.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tanner J. Bommersbach, Taeho Greg Rhee, Elina A. Stefanovics, Robert A. Rosenheck
Summary: The study found that the majority of individuals with a history of suicide attempts did not attempt suicide again in the past 5 years. Recovery involves not only psychiatric and substance use disorders, but also improvements in key socio-demographic factors and social connectedness over many years.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Massimiliano Orri, Jean R. Seguin, Natalie Castellanos-Ryan, Richard E. Tremblay, Sylvana M. Cote, Gustavo Turecki, Marie-Claude Geoffroy
Summary: Evidence from a quasi-experimental study based on genetic data suggests a causal role of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco smoking on suicide attempt, with cannabis showing a direct pathway to suicide attempt and the effects of alcohol and smoking possibly mediated by other substance use phenotypes. No evidence was found for reverse causation.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Pierre-Eric Lutz, Daniel Almeida, Dominique Filliol, Fabrice Jollant, Brigitte L. Kieffer, Gustavo Turecki
Summary: Research indicates that depression is associated with increased MOR activity, partially explained by a specific increase in expression of the inhibitory alpha G-protein subunit GNAI2. This enhanced endogenous opioidergic tone may help buffer negative affective states in depressed individuals.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ghizlane Moussaoui, Christina Rigas, Sophia Escobar, S. Gabriela Torres-Platas, Saulo Castel, Michelle Yang, Joseph Inhaber, Julia Novielli, Juliana Van Amsterdam, Neeti Sasi, Angela Potes, Katerina Nikolitch, Romeo Penheiro, Karl Looper, Marilyn Segal, Dominique Elie, Alex Kiss, Steven Selchen, Nathan Hermann, Harmehr Sekhon, Soham Rej
Summary: The study aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief mindfulness-oriented intervention (MOI) in psychiatric inpatients. The results showed that MOI was feasible in the inpatient psychiatric setting, with no significant reduction in psychiatric symptoms during the short-term follow-up period and no adverse effects reported. Further investigation in longer-term interventions and larger confirmatory RCTs is recommended.
PSYCHOSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Dalileia A. Santana, Amina Bedrat, Renato D. Puga, Gustavo Turecki, Naguib Mechawar, Tathyane C. Faria, Carolina O. Gigek, Spencer L. M. Payao, Marilia A. C. Smith, Bernardo Lemos, Elizabeth S. Chen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate H3K9 acetylation and gene expression profiles in three brain regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and controls, and to identify AD region-specific abnormalities. The results showed hyperacetylation in the cerebellum and slight hypoacetylation in the hippocampus of AD patients. Differentially expressed genes were found in the hippocampus and auditory cortex. Network analysis revealed Rho GTPase-mediated mechanisms. These findings suggest dysregulation of crucial mechanisms in AD patients at the epigenetic and transcriptomic levels, which could contribute to future research on AD pathogenesis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lai Jiang, Keelin Greenlaw, Antonio Ciampi, Angelo J. Canty, Jeffrey Gross, Gustavo Turecki, Celia M. T. Greenwood
Summary: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a methylation state associated with gene regulation, commonly found in cells of the central nervous system. Existing methods for analyzing 5hmC data have limitations, and we propose a hierarchical Bayesian method called CHYME to simultaneously estimate 5mC/5hmC signals and their associations with covariates or phenotypes, while accounting for DNA damage and experimental design dependencies. Simulations show that CHYME has better statistical power than other methods and can reveal associations between 5mC/5hmC levels and phenotypes.
GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Adriana Alcaraz-Sanchez, Ema Demsar, Teresa Campillo-Ferrer, Susana Gabriela Torres-Platas
Summary: In recent years, there has been increased interest in studying minimal forms of awareness during sleep to advance the understanding of consciousness. This interest is inspired by the descriptions of unusual forms of awareness during sleep in classic Indian philosophical traditions. Through phenomenological interviews and the micro-phenomenological interview method, a common phase labeled as the "nothingness phase" was identified, characterized by minimal sense of self, non-modal sensations, pleasant emotions, absence of visual experience, wide and unfocused attention, and awareness of the unfolding state.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Lea C. Perret, Michel Boivin, Genevieve Morneau-Vaillancourt, Till F. M. Andlauer, Stephane Paquin, Stephanie Langevin, Alain Girard, Gustavo Turecki, Kieran O'Donnell, Richard E. Tremblay, Sylvana M. Cote, Jean-Philippe Gouin, Isabelle Ouellet-Morin, Marie-Claude Geoffroy
Summary: This study examined whether having a genetic predisposition to depression increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms in peer victimised youth. The results showed that both self- and teacher-reported peer victimisation were associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence, and this association remained significant when accounting for genetic predisposition. However, there was no significant interaction between genetic predisposition and peer victimisation. The findings suggest that genetic predisposition and exposure to peer victimisation are independently associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
R. J. Scott Lacombe, Mackenzie E. Smith, Kelly Perlman, Gustavo Turecki, Naguib Mechawar, Richard P. Bazinet
Summary: Through analysis of human brain hemispheres, it was found that oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the human brain, and cholesterol and saturated fatty acids were more enriched in C-13 isotope, while polyunsaturated fatty acids were more depleted in C-13 isotope. These findings provide new insights into the origin and concentration of fatty acids in the human brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
El Cherif Ibrahim, Victor Gorgievski, Pilar Ortiz-Teba, Raoul Belzeaux, Gustavo Turecki, Etienne Sibille, Guillaume Charbonnier, Eleni T. Tzavara
Summary: Antidepressants are currently the best treatment for moderate to severe major depressive episodes, but the trial-and-error prescription strategy and side effects are concerning. There is a lack of biomarkers to aid in treatment decisions, highlighting the need for further research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Kitty Reemst, Laura Kracht, Janssen M. Kotah, Reza Rahimian, Astrid A. S. van Irsen, Gonzalo Congrains Sotomayor, Laura N. Verboon, Nieske Brouwer, Sophie Simard, Gustavo Turecki, Naguib Mechawar, Susanne M. Kooistra, Bart J. L. Eggen, Aniko Korosi
Summary: Early-life stress has persistent effects on microglial function and may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bruno Mari Fredi, Roger Willian De Labio, Lucas Trevizani Rasmussen, Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas, Elizabeth Suchi Chen, Gustavo Turecki, Marilia de Arruda Cardoso Smith, Spencer Luiz Marques Payao
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder that affects different regions of the brain. The accumulation of beta-amyloid protein, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammatory processes contribute to its pathophysiology. CDK10 and CDK11 have high expression in AD patients compared to control, and they present a positive correlation of gene expression in the analyzed groups and tissues, suggesting their important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, Lin Y. Xie, Min Zhao, Thomas L. Campbell, Gustavo Turecki, Anna K. Kahler, Brian Dean, Ole Mors, Christina M. Hultman, Nicklas H. Staunstrup, Karolina A. Aberg
Summary: Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder with unclear pathophysiology, but a recent study using methylome-wide association analysis found suggestive associations in all cell types and whole blood, as well as significant associations in monocytes, natural killer cells, and B cells. Validation of these methylomic findings in post-mortem brains revealed significant transcriptional differences correlated with schizophrenia, providing potential genes and loci of functional relevance. This unique approach combining pre-disease onset blood data and post-disease onset brain data may lead to the development of methylation-based biomarkers for early detection of schizophrenia susceptibility.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicolas Garel, Kyle T. T. Greenway, Le-Anh L. Dinh-Williams, Julien Thibault-Levesque, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Gustavo Turecki, Soham Rej, Stephane Richard-Devantoy
Summary: We provide evidence that sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions can facilitate the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine/z-drugs for treatment-resistant depression. In this cohort study, 91% of patients successfully discontinued all benzodiazepine/z-drugs after receiving a course of ketamine infusions. Less than 25% of discontinuers experienced significant worsening of symptoms during the discontinuation phase. During follow-up, 64% of patients remained abstinent from any benzodiazepine/z-drugs. These preliminary results suggest that ketamine infusions may be a novel approach for deprescribing benzodiazepine/z-drugs in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alice Morgunova, Pascal Ibrahim, Gary Gang Chen, Sache M. Coury, Gustavo Turecki, Michael J. Meaney, Anthony Gifuni, Ian H. Gotlib, Corina Nagy, Tiffany C. Ho, Cecilia Flores
Summary: Dried blood spots (DBS) are a common method to collect biological samples, especially for newborns and in remote areas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in diseases and are used as markers and regulators. This protocol provides optimized steps to obtain peripheral miRNA expression profiles from DBS, including key practices and the benefits of standardization.
BIOLOGY METHODS & PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Christina Rigas, Haley Park, Marouane Nassim, Chien-Lin Su, Kyle Greenway, Mark Lipman, Clare McVeigh, Marta Novak, Emilie Trinh, Ahsan Alam, Rita S. Suri, Istvan Mucsi, Susana G. Torres-Platas, Helen Noble, Harmehr Sekhon, Soham Rej, Michael Lifshitz
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term sustainability of a Brief Mindfulness Intervention (BMI) compared with a Health Enhancement Program (HEP) in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients receiving dialysis. The results showed that while both interventions were equally effective in reducing depressive symptoms, BMI was more effective in reducing anxiety symptoms.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)