期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A
卷 31, 期 22, 页码 -出版社
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S0217751X16430077
关键词
Lattice field theory; finite density; dual approach; density of states
资金
- Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2014-118]
- STFC [ST/L000350/1]
- DFG [TRR55]
- FWF grant [I 1452-N27]
- STFC [ST/L000350/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 1452] Funding Source: researchfish
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L000350/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I1452] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
Quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite densities of matter generically involve complex actions. Standard Monte Carlo simulations based upon importance sampling, which have been producing quantitative first principle results in particle physics for almost forty years, cannot be applied in this case. Various strategies to overcome this so-called sign problem or complex action problem were proposed during the last thirty years. We here review the sign problem in lattice field theories, focusing on two more recent methods: dualization to worldline type of representations and the density-of-states approach.
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