Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sangeeta Pandey, Yanyang Hu, Peter L. Anderson, Jennifer J. Kiser, R. Graham Cooks
Summary: We validate the concept of point-of-care assessment of long-term alcohol consumption by measuring phosphatidylethanol in blood/dried blood spots using nano-electrospray ionization and MS/MS with a miniature mass spectrometer. The levels of "abstinence", "moderate", and "chronic" consumption can be rapidly distinguished for both sample types, and quantitative analysis is achieved with blood samples (LoQ-100 ng mL(-1)).
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Perilli, Federico Toselli, Lisa Franceschetto, Alessandro Cinquetti, Arianna Ceretta, Giovanni Cecchetto, Guido Viel
Summary: This systematic review investigates the molecular characteristics of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood and summarizes its use in the past decade compared to structured questionnaires. The review finds a correlation between PEth concentration and the amount of alcohol ingested in the previous two weeks. However, the interpretative cut-offs for PEth vary greatly among the included records. Further research on the variability in PEth formation and degradation, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind that variability, is necessary.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Akshay Shetty, Sergio De La Torre, Brittney Ibrahim, Andrew Hong, Julio Meza, Sammy Saab
Summary: Alcohol-related liver disease has increased over the past 20 years, leading to a greater need for accurate assessment of alcohol use. Poor outcomes have been associated with alcohol use in both pre-liver transplant and post-liver transplant patients. Patients with alcohol use disorder often underestimate their alcohol consumption, highlighting the importance of objective assessment. Multiple serologic biomarkers are available to assist clinicians in assessing recent alcohol consumption, and this review evaluates their strengths and weaknesses in the pre-liver transplant and post-liver transplant population.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marisa Henriques Maria, Benedicte Marie Jorgenrud, Thomas Berg
Summary: Phosphatidylethanols (PEths) are specific alcohol biomarkers that have a longer half-life than ethanol and can differentiate between heavy and social drinking. However, isolating PEths from unwanted phospholipids during sample preparation can be challenging. This study investigates the retention and chromatographic separation of eight PEth homologues and the phospholipid background using different LC columns and mobile phase compositions, providing valuable insights for the development of reliable LC-MS/MS methods for PEth homologue determination.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mateusz Kacper Wozniak, Laura Banaszkiewicz, Justyna Aszyk, Marek Wiergowski, Iwona Janczewska, Jolanta Wierzba, Agata Kot-Wasik, Marek Biziuk
Summary: This study developed a method for the simultaneous extraction of FAEEs, EtG, and EtS from one meconium aliquot, demonstrating sensitivity, accuracy, efficiency, and the potential for reduced organic solvent usage compared to existing methods.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Robin Fatch, Marc Luginbuhl, Debbie M. Cheng, Stefan Gaugler, Nneka Emenyonu, Christine Ngabirano, Julian Adong, Winnie R. Muyindike, Jeffrey H. Samet, Kendall Bryant, Judith A. Hahn
Summary: Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a biomarker that can sensitively and specifically detect alcohol consumption in the past 2-3 weeks. A novel automated method has been developed to decrease the time and effort required for PEth testing using dried blood spots (DBS). The results of automated testing using regioisomerically pure PEth reference material showed good agreement with the results obtained through manual methods.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Vitoria Daniela Schaefer, Victoria Vendramini Muller, Lilian de Lima Feltraco Lizot, Roberta Zilles Hahn, Anelise Schneider, Marina Venzon Antunes, Rafael Linden
Summary: Hair drug testing is used for evaluating cannabis use with a long detection window and is required for granting professional driving licenses in Brazil. A sensitive LCMS/MS assay was developed and validated for quantifying THC-COOH, THC, CBD, and CBN simultaneously. The assay met validation guidelines and is ISO17025 accredited for routine testing.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marisa Maria, Nuno R. Neng, Thomas Berg
Summary: This study developed and validated an accurate and precise LC-MS/MS method for the determination of six PEth homologues in whole blood. The method is important for predicting different drinking patterns and has potential in assessing alcohol-related risks.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anton Bashilov, Sergey Osipenko, Karolina Ikonnikova, Oxana Kovaleva, Boris Izotov, Evgeny Nikolaev, Yury Kostyukevich
Summary: The role of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a marker for alcohol consumption is increasingly important in clinical and forensic medicine. This study found that the vapors of alcohols during the drying process of blood spots (DBS) may lead to false positive results in the LC-MS/MS quantitation of PEth. The study also demonstrated the synthesis of phosphatidyl derivatives by phospholipase D (PLD) in the presence of methanol and 2-propanol vapors during the DBS process. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid using alcohol-containing disinfectants in treatment rooms where DBS is sampled.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Richard G. Lahr, Pragya Sharma, Anthony Maus, Loralie J. Langman, Paul J. Jannetto
Summary: This study describes an assay for quantitation of two common ethanol metabolites, PEth 16:0/18:1 and PEth 16:0/18:2, from human whole blood. The developed method utilizes supported liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enabling automated sample preparation and accurate analysis, while overcoming challenges in the sample preparation process.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alessandro Mattia, Clementina Moschella, Maria Chiara David, Marco Fiore, Sara Gariglio, Alberto Salomone, Marco Vincenti
Summary: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a minor ethanol metabolite that can be detected in various matrices. This study developed and validated a new method for analyzing EtG in hair samples using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The method was successfully applied to real hair samples and used to assess excessive alcohol consumption and verify the psycho-physical requirements of individuals.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sonja A. Wrobel, Daniel Bury, Vladimir N. Belov, Jan M. Klenk, Bernhard Hauer, Heiko Hayen, Anderson J. Martino-Andrade, Holger M. Koch, Thomas Bruening, Heiko U. Kaefferlein
Summary: We have developed a specific and robust analytical method to analyze the most important neonicotinoids and their metabolites in human urine. The method was successfully validated and applied to quantify these compounds in individuals from the general population in Germany and pregnant women from Brazil with no known occupational exposures to neonicotinoids.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jakub Maculewicz, Piotr Stepnowski, Joanna Dolzonek, Anna Bialk-Bielinska
Summary: Imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly being used, and there is evidence of their presence in the environment. Due to their potential for bio-concentration, it is necessary to monitor the presence of these compounds in organisms from potentially contaminated waters. This study developed a novel analytical procedure for the determination of imidazolium ILs in mussel tissues using a combination of extraction techniques and LC-MS/MS analysis.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nadine Aboutara, Hilke Jungen, Anne Szewczyk, Martina Sterneck, Alexander Mueller, Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann
Summary: This study validated a method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify different homologues of PEth in dried blood spots, and investigated the quantitative patterns of these homologues in patients.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Josefine Herzog, Gisela Skopp, Frank Musshoff
Summary: This study aimed to monitor alcohol consumption over a period of 6 months by analyzing phosphatidylethanol (PEth) homologues in dried blood spots (DBS) and ethyl glucuronide in hair (EtGH). The participants' daily alcohol intake was recorded using an app. The results showed that PEth had a higher detection rate for alcohol consumption than EtGH and that PEth concentrations quickly responded to changes in drinking behavior.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marc Luginbuhl, Britt Bekaert, Silke Suesse, Wolfgang Weinmann
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2019)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Andreas Wilke, Stefan Konig, Wolfgang Weinmann
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2019)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Marianne Haedener, Sina Vieten, Wolfgang Weinmann, Hellmut Mahler
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marc Luginbuhl, Reuben S. E. Young, Frederike Stoeth, Wolfgang Weinmann, Stephen J. Blanksby, Stefan Gaugler
Summary: The study investigated the regioisomeric purity of PEth reference materials from three different vendors, revealing variations in isomer distributions that could affect the accurate quantification of PEth in authentic blood samples. It highlights the importance of ensuring that the regioisomeric compositions of reference materials match those of the authentic blood samples to avoid variability in quantification results.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Tim J. Gelmi, Marlies Verrijken, Wolfgang Weinmann
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marc Luginbuhl, Frederike Stoth, Alexandra Schrock, Stefan Gaugler, Wolfgang Weinmann
Summary: PEth, formed by enzymatic reaction between ethanol and phosphatidylcholine, is a direct marker for alcohol usage with a long elimination half-life. It has advantages over other alcohol markers but lacks standardized laboratory protocols. General guidelines for PEth analysis in dried blood spots are provided, including reference material evaluation and LC-MS/MS analysis, making it applicable for demographic studies and forensic applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marianne Haedener, Wolfgang Weinmann, Dominique Eich, Michael Liebrenz, Thomas Wuethrich, Anna Buadze
Summary: Overall, most patients undergoing LDX treatment showed good adherence, with hair analysis potentially serving as an effective non-invasive method to monitor medication compliance. However, due to individual variability in hair concentrations, results of hair analysis at different stages of treatment should be cautiously interpreted.
Letter
Biochemical Research Methods
Marc Luginbuhl, Friedrich M. Wurst, Frederike Stoth, Wolfgang Weinmann, Christophe P. Stove, Katleen Van Uytfanghe
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Frederike Stoth, Ephraim Kotzerke, Annette Thierauf-Emberger, Weinmann Wolfgang, Dominik Schuldis
Summary: It has been found that after long-term abstinence, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of individuals who consume alcohol in a single drinking episode does not exceed the cutoff of 20 ng/mL.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Lan Novak, Leila M. Soravia, Adina Bunter, Frederike Stoth, Alexander Wopfner, Wolfgang Weinmann, Philippe Pfeifer
Summary: This study aims to investigate the relationship between phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and withdrawal severity in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The results showed a significant positive correlation between PEth and the severity of alcohol withdrawal. Thus, blood PEth concentration could serve as an indicator for identifying high-risk withdrawal patients.
ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Frederike Stoth, Marie Martin Fabritius, Wolfgang Weinmann, Marc Luginbuhl, Stefan Gaugler, Stefan Konig
Summary: The use of dried urine spots (DUS) simplifies sample handling, shipment, and storage compared to liquid urine samples. This study found that DUS screening successfully identified more than 65 different legal and illegal drugs within 17 urine samples. DUS screening offers a simple and cost-effective alternative to liquid urine for forensic requirements.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Frederike Stoth, Wolfgang Weinmann, Leila Maria Soravia, Philippe Pfeifer
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the elimination time of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in relation to the established cutoff values of 200 and 20 ng/ml for PEth 16:0/18:1. The results show that even after 6 weeks of abstinence, two patients still had PEth concentrations above 200 ng/ml. Therefore, it is recommended to use at least two PEth concentrations when assessing alcohol-drinking behaviors in AUD patients.
ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Frederike Stoth, Kevin Koch, Matthias Bantle, Philipp Puetz, Felix Wortmann, Wolfgang Weinmann
Summary: This study assessed the increase in phosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations after single moderate alcohol consumption and evaluated a new volumetric sampling device. The results showed that PEth concentrations increased after a single drinking event, and the new sampling device proved to be suitable for PEth concentration determination in blood.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Matthias Bantle, Lanya van Tieghem, Wolfgang Weinmann, Marc Luginbuhl
Summary: Alcohol biomarkers, including phosphatidylethanols (PEths), are able to reflect recent or long-term alcohol consumption. A new sub-class of PEths, called LysoPEths, has been discovered, which are structurally related to PEth but with a missing fatty acyl chain. It has been found that the concentration of LysoPEth is positively correlated with the concentration of ethanol intake. The detection of LysoPEths in clinical and forensic applications has also been demonstrated.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Willi Schirmer, Volker Auwaerter, Julia Kaudewitz, Stefan Schuerch, Wolfgang Weinmann
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate an analytical method for the detection of HHC consumption. The results showed the presence of glucuronides of HHC and OH-HHC in urine samples. Other minor metabolites were also detected but could not be structurally identified.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)