Article
Sociology
Daniel Dellaposta
Summary: This article explores how ethnic and organizational closure in American-Italian mafia families can paradoxically lead to the benefit of ethnic outsiders who act as bridges between parochial organizations. Through an institutional analysis, the study shows that social closure can undermine boundaries and incentivize marginalized actors to seek opportunities and connections outside the group.
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Management
Siyu Yu, Catherine Shea
Summary: Women in organizations experience lower returns. The recommendation for them is to establish instrumental network ties with high-status individuals. However, this approach may incur hidden social status costs for women, as it contradicts feminine gender norms.
ORGANIZATION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Amr Elsisy, Aamir Mandviwalla, Boleslaw K. Szymanski, Thomas Sharkey
Summary: The study focuses on organizational structures in covert networks, introducing a novel method to rewire these networks parameterized by edge connectivity standard deviation. It models higher-level organizational structures as a multi-layer network and lowest level using the Stochastic Block Model. Synthetic networks provide alternative structures for original network data, enabling analysts to find stable structures and conduct perturbation tests.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Clio Andris, Daniel DellaPosta, Brittany N. Freelin, Xi Zhu, Bradley Hinger, Hanzhou Chen
Summary: Analyzing a historical spatial social network of 680 American Mafia members, the study finds that the network shows tendencies towards security and efficiency, with significant spatial clustering among Mafia family units. The research techniques used contribute to non-planar network analysis methods in GIScience and can be applied to other spatially-embedded social networks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Marcin Waniek, Tomasz P. Michalak, Michael Wooldridge, Talal Rahwan
Summary: This paper studies how leaders can avoid being identified by centrality measures and proposes solutions involving adding edges and constructing specialized networks.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Business
Jung-Hoon Han, Timothy G. Pollock
Summary: This study examines how actors respond to status inconsistencies across multiple hierarchies, finding that such inconsistencies can lead to increased pursuit of opportunities to boost their lagging status. However, the unequal prestige of hierarchies influences the magnitude and direction of actors' responses. Moreover, actors' ability to respond is constrained by their relative standing in their primary hierarchy and their embeddedness in specific professional networks.
ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Annamaria Ficara, Francesco Curreri, Giacomo Fiumara, Pasquale De Meo, Antonio Liotta
Summary: This study examines covert networks, such as terrorist networks and criminal networks, using social network analysis (SNA). SNA helps identify the structure and functioning of these networks by calculating relevant metrics and parameters, enabling the identification of roles, positions, features, and other network characteristics. Law enforcement agencies are increasingly interested in SNA for identifying vulnerabilities and disrupting criminal groups. However, there are challenges in data collection techniques and the incompleteness and biases of real-world datasets.
Article
Anthropology
M. Tumminello, F. Petruzzella, C. Ferrara, S. Micciche
Summary: This study investigates the relationships within Cosa Nostra using networks and complex-systems methods, finding that mafia syndicates are territorially attached and engaged in diverse criminal activities. While the majority of mafia affiliates are males, the study highlights the crucial role of female subjects in forming and consolidating alliances between mafia syndicates through suitable marriages.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Rizhou Liang, Jiqiang Zhang, Guozhong Zheng, Li Chen
Summary: The presence of social hierarchy enhances levels of cooperation, with high-rank players acting as nucleation cores in cooperation clusters. In network structures, cooperation enhancement is maximal when hub nodes have higher social ranks.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biology
Daniel Redhead, Eleanor A. Power
Summary: Social hierarchies across species are often governed by dominance relations, but in human society, social hierarchies can take different forms and are not necessarily based on dominance relations. The dynamic interplay between individual-level and meso-level properties of social networks is crucial for understanding status differentiation across groups.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Lehn M. Benjamin
Summary: This article examines the exchange of giving and receiving help in nonprofit organizations, focusing on how these exchanges can reinforce or attenuate status hierarchies and have important consequences for participants. By exploring various practices that can either weaken or strengthen status hierarchies, the study sheds light on the unexamined role of status processes in addressing inequality.
RSF-THE RUSSELL SAGE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Michael T. Rizzo, Steven O. Roberts, Marjorie Rhodes
Summary: Members of advantaged groups are more likely to think, feel, and behave in ways that reinforce their group's position within the hierarchy compared to members of disadvantaged groups. This study aimed to examine how children's status within a group-based hierarchy influences their beliefs about the hierarchy and the groups involved, ultimately reinforcing the hierarchy. The results showed that advantaged-group children were more likely to view the hierarchy as fair, generalizable, and wrong to challenge, and they also exhibited biased attitudes towards other groups and excluded members of disadvantaged groups.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Benjamin Kilham, James R. Spotila
Summary: New data on black bear social structure revealed the presence of a matrilinear hierarchy, where dominant females compete and establish control over food, space, and younger bears. Affiliative behavior between bears, both related and unrelated, helps to establish the social structure of the bear community.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Xianwei Meng, Tatsunori Ishii, Kairi Sugimoto, Yo Nakawake, Yusuke Moriguchi, Yasuhiro Kanakogi, Katsumi Watanabe
Summary: This study shows that 5-6-year-old children believe individuals with extraordinary capabilities have higher social status and will gain contested resources in interactions. These findings suggest that there is a universal expectation of extraordinariness in children, providing insights into the cognitive mechanisms of religious thought and hierarchical social systems.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Renee Spiteri Douglas, Mackenzie R. Hartley, J. Renee Yang, Tamara B. Franklin
Summary: The expression of Hdac2 in the hippocampus is associated with social status, while the expression of closely related genes Hdac1 and HDAC2 protein is not associated with social rank in the hippocampus.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diane H. Felmlee, Justine Blanford, Stephen A. Matthews, Alan M. MacEachren
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Richard B. Felson, Mark T. Berg, Andrew T. Krajewski, Ethan M. Rogers
Summary: Research suggests that control behaviors are more likely to precipitate disputes between intimate partners and illegal business partners, due to the higher levels of interdependence in these relationships. Mutual control is more common in disputes between intimate partners, while unilateral control is not as prevalent in these conflicts. Discussions on violence motives could benefit from examining classic social psychological literature on power and influence.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cassie McMillan, Diane Felmlee, James R. Ashford
Summary: While most social network research focuses on positive relational ties, scholars are beginning to examine the dark side of human interaction. This study uses random graph models to investigate the differences in structure between positive and negative networks and finds that negative networks have unique structural signatures, highlighting the need for further research.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Richard B. Felson, Mark T. Berg, Ethan M. Rogers, Andrew T. Krajewski
Summary: Men show restraint and chivalry in disputes with women by engaging in remedial actions, reducing violent threats and physical attacks, and causing less harm to women. However, this chivalry norm does not inhibit verbal aggression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diane H. Felmlee, Chris Julien, Sara C. Francisco
Summary: The analysis of online reactions towards Kamala Harris and Mike Pence during the 2020 Vice-Presidential debate reveals the pervasive nature of sexist and racist stereotypes in high-profile job discussions. Both datasets exhibited gender and racial slurs, with Harris facing a higher proportion of racist and sexist curse words. Surprisingly, tweets about Harris had a more positive sentiment, but also experienced more retweets with negative connotations, highlighting the dissemination of derogatory messages about her. Overall, the study shows how harassment reinforces traditional race and gender biases, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues in online conversations.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Andrew T. Krajewski, Richard B. Felson, Mark T. Berg
Summary: Alcohol intoxication leads to anti-normative behavior, and because violence against women is more anti-normative, the effects of alcohol on violence against women are likely to be stronger. Analysis of over 1,100 interpersonal disputes reported by male prison inmates and male community members supports this hypothesis. The tendency for men to be more willing to threaten and attack male adversaries than female adversaries is weakened when they are intoxicated, and when respondents are moderately or extremely intoxicated, they are just as likely to target women. Only sober and slightly intoxicated men exhibit inhibition about attacking women during disputes, suggesting that the chivalry norm decreases as men become intoxicated.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ethan M. M. Rogers, Andrew T. T. Krajewski, Stef M. M. Shuster
Summary: This article examines the distribution of self-reported mental health conditions and clinical contact among incarcerated transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals compared to cisgender women and men. Data are derived from the 2016 Survey of Prison Inmates. Results indicate that TGD respondents report more mental health symptoms, conditions, and clinical contact than their cisgender counterparts. The findings have important implications for the mental health disadvantages experienced by TGD people currently in prison.
JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Christopher J. Schreck, Andrew Krajewski, Mark T. Berg
Summary: Victim data shows that romantic relationships are linked to reduced violent victimizations by strangers and acquaintances. This study investigates the impact of relationship quality and structure on victimization risk, considering mechanisms suggested by a social control perspective. The study also examines the independent contributions of each romantic partner to this protective effect. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the study finds that relationship quality has protective benefits for individuals, regardless of their partner's perception, and that poor relationship quality may increase victimization risk. Lifestyle choices associated with violent victimization explain these findings.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Andrew T. Krajewski, John L. Worrall, Robert M. Scales
Summary: This study examines the role of subject threat in police officers' use of force, considering subject resistance. The results suggest that subject threat significantly predicts force, independent of resistance and other variables, and that the interaction of threat elements does not fully explain force as expected.
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CRIME AND DELINQUENCY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Diane Felmlee, Cassie McMillan, Roger Whitaker
Summary: The paper focuses on the prevalence of motifs in social networks and proposes a novel approach to detect these patterns. The research highlights the importance of reciprocity, hierarchy, and clustering in various social interactions, and reveals structural signatures within different types of graphs. The findings also show similarities with patterns found in other disciplines, such as the prevalence of transitive triads.
APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Cassie McMillan, Diane Felmlee
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY
(2020)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Richard B. Felson, Andrew T. Krajewski
CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Diane Felmlee, Paulina Inara Rodis, Amy Zhang
Article
Anthropology
Emmanuel Kyeremeh, Markus H. Schafer
Summary: Previous studies have shown that difficult individuals are present in personal networks and have an impact on them, but little is known about the turnover, retention, and quality change of such difficult ties. This study addresses this gap by examining two forms of network change and identifying associated factors. The findings reveal that over time, some difficult ties reappear as sources of aggravation, some are removed from the network, and others can no longer be verified as problematic members. Exchanging support and kinship play significant roles in these processes, along with personal characteristics such as gender, income, and relocation.
Article
Anthropology
Petro Tolochko, Hajo G. Boomgaarden
Summary: The Exponential Random Graph family of models (ERGM) is a powerful tool for simultaneous modeling of endogenous network characteristics and exogenous variables. This paper examines two methods for estimating multiple networks, hierarchical and integrated, and evaluates their accuracy and advantages. Recommendations are provided for future researchers on how to proceed with multiple network analysis. This research highlights the importance of analyzing multiple networks to gain a comprehensive understanding of social phenomena.
Article
Anthropology
Sandra Stark, Daniel Peter, Andreas Tutic
Summary: The study investigates the evolution of cooperation in the Volunteer's Dilemma using the stochastic Moran process on dynamic graphs, which models a birth-death dynamic on structured finite populations. The results suggest that a high degree of homophily is required for the evolution of cooperation in the Volunteer's Dilemma, while other parameters have relatively small effects on the fixation of cooperation in the population.
Article
Anthropology
Christian S. Schmid, David R. Hunter
Summary: This paper discusses alternative estimation methods for approximating maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs), specifically focusing on the maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator (MPLE) as a starting point. The authors exploit the fact that the MPLE fails to satisfy the likelihood principle, leading to different MPLEs for different networks with the same sufficient statistics. The proposed method has shown its merit in producing an MLE for network datasets and models that were difficult to estimate using other known methods.
Article
Anthropology
Ana Bravo, Robert W. Krause, Rosario Ortega-Ruiz, Eva M. Romera
Summary: Longitudinal multivariate social network analysis of 3692 adolescents in 136 classrooms revealed that adolescents perceive their friends as popular but do not choose popular peers as friends. Adolescents align their perceptions of popularity with their friends. Those who receive many popularity nominations gain more popularity but not more friendship. Friends of peers seen as popular are more likely to be seen as popular.
Article
Anthropology
David Bright, Jurgen Lerner, Giovanni Radhitio Putra Sadewo, Chad Whelan
Summary: This paper discusses the dynamics of co-offending and its relationship with crime categories. The research findings show that compared to solo offenders, groups of co-offenders are more likely to engage in crime events involving multiple crime categories. Additionally, there is evidence of differential association and social learning in market and property crime within the context of co-offending.
Article
Anthropology
Theresa M. Floyd, Alexandra Gerbasi, Giuseppe (Joe) Labianca
Summary: This study explores the impact of supervisor-employee political relationship and workplace network on dismissal decisions. The findings suggest that the political concerns of supervisors, along with their network circumstances, influence whether an employee is terminated. The study contributes to understanding involuntary turnover beyond performance considerations by highlighting the role of social networks and organizational politics.
Article
Anthropology
Ruiqi Li, Jing Liang, Cheng Cheng, Xiaoyan Zhang, Longfeng Zhao, Chen Zhao, H. Eugene Stanley
Summary: Venture capital is a rapidly growing industry in China, but it still faces uncertainties. This paper highlights the importance of building a strong social network among VC institutions to mitigate risks and improve financial performance. By analyzing temporal syndication networks based on VC investment records, the study shows that higher networked VC institutions tend to have better financial performance. The use of k-shell decomposition as an evaluation measure reveals distinct groups of VC institutions in China with different financial performance and investment behaviors.
Article
Anthropology
Timothee Chabot
Summary: Homophily does not always imply homophilic selection, especially in terms of socioeconomic homophily. This study examines the contribution of different relational processes to the emergence of socioeconomic homophily among French middle-school students.
Article
Anthropology
Francesco Renzini, Federico Bianchi, Flaminio Squazzoni
Summary: The study aims to extend previous research on advice-seeking across organizational boundaries through an agent-based model. By utilizing more realistic assumptions and fitting the simulated network to existing data, the findings demonstrate the advantage of exploring multiple generative paths in analyzing network formation.
Article
Anthropology
Laura Forastiere, Davide Del Prete, Valerio Leone Sciabolazza
Summary: Investigated policy evaluation methods under interference, provided a generalized propensity score-based estimator to estimate direct and spillover effects of continuous treatment, considering asymmetric network connections with varying intensities.
Article
Anthropology
Thijmen Jeroense, Niels Spierings, Jochem Tolsma
Summary: People are more likely to interact with others who are similar to them in terms of socio-demographics and values. The loss of ties with dissimilar individuals may contribute to network homogeneity. However, there is limited research on the relationship between similarity and tie loss. This study addresses this gap by investigating the core discussion network of Dutch citizens and examining how ties are embedded in the network.
Article
Anthropology
Pete Jones, Deb Verhoeven, Aresh Dadlani, Vejune Zemaityte
Summary: This paper discusses the gender disparities in the screen sector based on a network-based investigation using Australian film and television production data. The analysis reveals that projects led by male directors tend to exclude women and reproduce familiar teams, while projects led by women in key creative roles provide more opportunities for women. Furthermore, the study finds that there is a significant number of men who only work with other men, but no corresponding group of women who only work with women. These findings highlight the importance of equity interventions, particularly government policies, to address the inequalities in the screen industry, which are primarily driven by men's closed network behaviors rather than women's positioning or behavior.
Article
Anthropology
Jinho Kim, Taehoon Kim
Summary: This study explores the impact of adolescent social network positions on memory performance in adulthood and finds that sociality, degree centrality, and closeness centrality are positively associated with memory performance, while popularity is not. The study also reveals gender differences, with the associations between social network position and memory performance being more pronounced among men. These findings highlight the importance of adolescent social network positions as social determinants in shaping cognitive outcomes.