Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lang Guo, Xiaowei Luo, Ping Yang, Yanting Zhang, Jialuo Huang, Hong Wang, Yinfeng Guo, Weifeng Huang, Zhiqiang Chen, Shusheng Wang, Junjian Wang, Jinping Lei, Songtao Xiang, Yonghong Liu
Summary: The Polycomb protein enhancer EZH2 plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression and drug resistance, making it a major obstacle in treatment. Enzalutamide is a common drug used for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, but many tumors eventually develop resistance to it. Ilicicolin A (Ili-A) has shown potential to overcome resistance and enhance the anticancer activity of enzalutamide in CRPC cancer models.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiao Li, Fei Li, Fei Ye, Haotian Guo, Wentao Chen, Jia Jin, Yiran Wang, Pengfei Dai, Huili Shi, Hongru Tao, Wenzhen Dang, Yiluan Ding, Mingchen Wang, Hualiang Jiang, Kaixian Chen, Naixia Zhang, Dong Gao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Cheng Luo
Summary: In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the limited response to androgen receptor (AR) antagonists is mainly attributed to the expression of AR-variants and restored AR signaling. We demonstrate that the metabolite spermine inhibits AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling and suppresses CRPC cell proliferation by directly binding and inhibiting PRMT1. Additionally, spermine supplementation restrains CRPC growth in vivo. Thus, spermine and PRMT1 inhibition may be powerful strategies for overcoming the limitations of current AR-based therapies in CRPC.
Article
Oncology
Emuejevoke Olokpa, Sammed N. Mandape, Siddharth Pratap, La Monica Stewart
Summary: The study used RNA sequencing to identify the signaling pathways regulated by metformin in androgen-receptor positive, castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Metformin was found to alter the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, the spliceosome, RNA transport, and protein processing within the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in ErbB, insulin, mTOR, TGF-beta, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways. Some of the metformin-regulated genes are known to be direct transcriptional targets of p53 or AR, and metformin-induced reductions in AR mRNA and protein levels contributed to these alterations in gene expression.
Article
Oncology
Fen Ma, Seiji Arai, Keshan Wang, Carla Calagua, Amanda R. Yuan, Larysa Poluben, Zhongkai Gu, Joshua W. Russo, David J. Einstein, Huihui Ye, Meng Xiao He, Yu Liu, Eliezer Van Allen, Adam G. Sowalsky, Manoj K. Bhasin, Xin Yuan, Steven P. Balk
Summary: This study reveals the importance of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in prostate cancer, showing its role in stem cell maintenance and invasion. It identifies new effectors and drivers of this pathway in prostate cancer, such as ROR1 and APC genomic loss. The findings suggest that targeting Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Ka-Wai Leung, Peter Ka-Fung Chiu, Chi-Fai Ng, Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
Summary: The management of castration-resistant prostate cancer has seen significant progress, with three novel hormonal agents showing survival benefits in non-metastatic patients and a wider range of management options being investigated for metastatic disease.
Review
Cell Biology
Fabrizio Fontana, Patrizia Limonta
Summary: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer progression to the castration-resistant stage is crucial for improving therapeutic options. The activation of the androgen/androgen receptor axis and the GnRH/GnRH-R axis in CRPC cells play significant roles in antitumor activity, suggesting potential therapeutic implications.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tianyi Zhou, Qin Feng
Summary: Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer death, affecting millions of men worldwide. The progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with dependence on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which involves various transcription factors. Understanding the role of transcription factors in CRPC could lead to new therapeutic targets for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiong Chen, Guo Yang, Miao Liu, Zhen Quan, Leilei Wang, Chunli Luo, Xiaohou Wu, Yongbo Zheng
Summary: This study suggests that lycopene enhances the antitumor effects of enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by reducing AR protein levels through the inhibition of the AKT/EZH2 pathway.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Maryam Labaf, Muqing Li, Lily Ting, Breelyn Karno, Songqi Zhang, Shuai Gao, Susan Patalano, Jill A. A. Macoska, Kourosh Zarringhalam, Dong Han, Changmeng Cai
Summary: This study examines the acute effects of overexpressed androgen receptor (AR) on its cistrome and transcriptome in a prostate cancer (PCa) model. The results show that overexpression of AR leads to redistribution of AR chromatin binding and activation of a distinct transcription program, including DNA damage repair pathways. The study also predicts the involvement of EZH2 in this AR reprogramming and identifies a subset of AR/EZH2 co-targeting genes that are overexpressed in castration-resistant PCa and associated with worse patient outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei -Yu Chen, Phan Vu Thuy Dung, Hsiu-Lien Yeh, Wei-Hao Chen, Kuo-Ching Jiang, Han-Ru Li, Zi-Qing Chen, Michael Hsiao, Jiaoti Huang, Yu-Ching Wen, Yen-Nien Liu
Summary: The conventional treatment for prostate cancer is androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), which inhibits tumor progression driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling. ADT-induced recurrence of prostate cancer can develop into a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype with metabolic disturbances and poor prognosis. However, the metabolic pathways that regulate NE differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer are still unclear.
Article
Oncology
Ann-Yae Na, Soyoung Choi, Eunju Yang, Kwang-Hyeon Liu, Sunghwan Kim, Hyun Jin Jung, Youngshik Choe, Yun-Sok Ha, Tae Gyun Kwon, Jun Nyung Lee, Sangkyu Lee
Summary: The study investigated prostate cancer tissues at different stages using quantitative proteomic technology and identified FOXA1 and HMGN1-3 proteins as significant factors in the progression to CRPC. These proteins could potentially be used as therapeutic targets in clinical treatment.
Review
Oncology
Yanling Yu, Dimitri Papukashvili, Ruimin Ren, Nino Rcheulishvili, Shunping Feng, Wenqi Bai, Huanhu Zhang, Yanfeng Xi, Xiaoqing Lu, Nianzeng Xing
Summary: This review discusses the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a result of androgen deprivation therapy, and highlights the limitations of current treatments targeting the androgen receptor (AR). The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as a targeted therapy for CRPC is proposed as a promising strategy.
Article
Oncology
Serina Cheung, Pallavi Jain, Jonathan So, Saeid Shahidi, Stephen Chung, Marianne Koritzinsky
Summary: Targeting the p38 MAPK protein kinase can inhibit growth and survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells, regardless of oxygen levels, and may prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. This demonstrates the potential of p38 MAPK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for disrupting AR signaling in the heterogeneous CRPC tumor microenvironment.
Review
Oncology
Masaki Shiota, Satoshi Endo, Leandro Blas, Naohiro Fujimoto, Masatoshi Eto
Summary: Castration resistance is caused by the abnormal activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling through intracrine activation of androgen precursors from adrenal glands. To address this, novel AR pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) have been developed to suppress androgen synthesis or AR activation. However, resistance to these ARPIs can occur due to the persistent androgen environment despite intensive AR signaling suppression.
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lin Gao, Ru Zhao, Junmei Liu, Wenbo Zhang, Feifei Sun, Qianshuo Yin, Xin Wang, Meng Wang, Tingting Feng, Yiming Qin, Wenjie Cai, Qianni Li, Hanchen Dong, Xueqing Chen, Xueting Xiong, Hui Liu, Jing Hu, Weiwen Chen, Bo Han
Summary: KIF15 overexpression in CRPC is associated with enhanced EGFR signaling, linking it to disease progression and suggesting KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sang Gyu Park, Hye Ryoung Koo, Kiseok Jang, Jae Kyung Myung, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Jeong Seon Park, Kyung Tae
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of US-CNB and compare it with US-FNAC in diagnosing KFD. US-CNB showed higher diagnostic accuracy compared to US-FNAC, indicating it as a safe and effective primary modality for the pathological diagnosis of KFD.
Article
Oncology
Jae Kyung Myung, Seung Ah Choi, Seung-ki Kim, Seong Ik Kim, Jin Woo Park, Sung-hye Park
Summary: Inhibition of ZEB2 reduces invasion and migration of both pediatric and adult glioblastoma cells, while also decreasing proliferation and affecting cell cycle progression in pediatric glioblastoma cells specifically. This suggests that ZEB2 has different effects in different types of glioblastoma, indicating distinct underlying molecular mechanisms driving tumor progression.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ji Hye Kim, Jae Gwang Park, Yo Han Hong, Kon Kuk Shin, Jin Kyeong Kim, Young-Dong Kim, Ki Dong Yoon, Kyung-Hee Kim, Byong Chul Yoo, Gi-Ho Sung, Jae Youl Cho
Summary: The study found that Sb-EE from Sauropus brevipes Mull. Arg. effectively suppressed nitric oxide release and modulated inflammatory responses in various inflammation models, indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kyue-Yim Lee, Yoona Seo, Ji Hye Im, Jiho Rhim, Woosun Baek, Sewon Kim, Ji-Woong Kwon, Byong Chul Yoo, Sang Hoon Shin, Heon Yoo, Jong Bae Park, Ho-Shin Gwak, Jong Heon Kim
Summary: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a deadly complication where cancer spreads to the meninges, and currently lacks definitive treatments or diagnosis methods. This study suggests that examining small non-coding RNA populations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may offer potential for diagnosis and treatment strategies. Systemic analysis revealed unique expression patterns of LM CSF EVs smRNAs compared to healthy donors, indicating their potential as novel biomarkers for LM pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isaac James Muyinda, Jae-Gwang Park, Eun-Jung Jang, Byong-Chul Yoo
Summary: KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer is highly lethal, with surgery being the only curative option for a small percentage of patients. Treatment targeting KRAS remains largely unsuccessful, despite the identification of global metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer cells. Modulating metabolic pathways may provide a new approach for therapy in pancreatic cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Seung-Phil Shin, A-Ra Goh, Ji-Min Ju, Hyeon-Gu Kang, Seok-Jun Kim, Jong-Kwang Kim, Eun-Jung Park, Yong-Soo Bae, Kyungho Choi, Yuh-Seog Jung, Sang-Jin Lee
Summary: CD200 acts as an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits innate immune cell activation, promoting tumor growth and inducing M2-like macrophage polarization. However, the protumor effects of CD200 can be abolished by local injection of Ad5sCD200R1.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hyesung Kim, Seung Bum Lee, Jae Kyung Myung, Jeong Hwan Park, Eunsun Park, Dong Il Kim, Cheol Lee, Younghoon Kim, Chul-Min Park, Min Bum Kim, Gil Chai Lim, Bogun Jang
Summary: The study aimed to identify the major EMT-inducing transcription factor in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and found that SLUG was significantly upregulated in both normal salivary glands and PA. SLUG was specifically expressed in the myoepithelial cells of normal salivary glands and neoplastic myoepithelial cells and stromal cells of PA. The study concluded that SLUG is a key regulator of EMT in PA and is less likely to be affected by PLAG1.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji-Woong Kwon, Ji Hye Im, Kyue-Yim Lee, Byong Chul Yoo, Jun Hwa Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Jong Heon Kim, Sang Hoon Shin, Heon Yoo, Ho-Shin Gwak
Summary: We analyzed the metabolomic and proteomic profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in different compartments (ventricular and lumbar). Our findings suggest that the metabolite and protein profiles of CSF differ between paired lumbar and ventricular samples, and that the CSF from spinal LM-positive patients shows more similarity to the lumbar CSF. This indicates that CSF metabolites and proteins could reflect LM disease activity and that LM-associated differences in CSF are more likely to be present in the lumbar compartment.
Article
Cell Biology
Tanuza Das, Eun-Young Lee, Hye Jin You, Eunice EunKyeong Kim, Eun Joo Song
Summary: The deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 and its close paralog USP4 regulate the alternative splicing of SRSF1, promoting lung cancer cell proliferation. The depletion of USP15 and USP4 leads to impairment of SRSF1 splicing, resulting in an alternative isoform SRSF1-3. The increased expression of USP15 contributes to the development of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with lower disease-specific survival in patients.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Hyun Woong Jun, Yong Bae Ji, Chang Myeon Song, Jae Kyung Myung, Hae Jin Park, Kyung Tae
Summary: This study investigated the positive rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in South Korea and observed an increasing trend in the past 12 years. The study found that HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients were younger and had better disease-free survival compared to HPV-negative patients.
FRONTIERS IN SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Syed Sayeed Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Sibhghatulla Shaikh, Hye Jin You, Eun-Young Lee, Shahid Ali, Eun Ju Lee, Inho Choi
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a condition characterized by muscle atrophy, adipose tissue loss, systemic inflammation, and loss of appetite. Various mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments play a role in the development of cachexia. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are considered potential therapeutic targets for cachexia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun-Young Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Md Abu Rayhan, Hyun Guy Kang, June Hyuk Kim, Jong Woong Park, Seog-Yun Park, So Hee Lee, Hye Jin You
Summary: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a highly recurrent and malignant high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) with limited treatment options. This study established and characterized new UPS cell lines from recurrent UPS tissues, providing valuable models for research. These cell lines demonstrated tumorigenicity and shared histological characteristics with patient tissues. Pathways related to cell cycle and cell-cell adhesion were enriched, suggesting the involvement of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in tumorigenicity. These new UPS cell lines can contribute to the identification of therapeutic strategies for UPS.
Article
Oncology
Hyesung Kim, Jae Kyung Myung, Seung Sam Paik, Hyunsung Kim, Hosub Park, Yeon Ju Kim, Seung Bum Lee, Heung Up Kim, Hyun Joo Song, In Ho Jeong, Suji Hong, Chul Min Park, Cheol Lee, Younghoon Kim, Bogun Jang
Summary: EPHB2 is an upregulated protein tyrosine kinase in gastric cancer that is closely correlated with intestinal stem cell markers and CDX2 expression, and acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer, serving as a prognostic marker in intestinal-type gastric cancer.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
JiHoon Kang, Ji-Hye Park, Jun Suk Kong, Min Jung Kim, Seung-Sook Lee, Sunhoo Park, Jae Kyung Myung
Summary: This study revealed that PINX1 plays a crucial role in thyroid cancer progression, with its overexpression promoting cell proliferation and malignant transformation, while its downregulation inhibiting these processes. Additionally, PINX1 is also involved in regulating signaling pathways during the progression from PTC to ATC.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun Ju Cho, Jong Kwang Kim, Hye Jung Baek, Sun Eui Kim, Eun Jung Park, Bum Kyu Choi, Tae Hyun Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Young Kyung Lim, Chu-Xia Deng, Sang Soo Kim
Summary: The study explored the efficacy of radiotherapy in treating BRCA1-associated breast cancer using a Brca1-mutant mouse model. Results showed that irradiation reduced tumor progression in Brca1-mutant tumor-engrafted mice, and a correlation was found between irradiation responses and biomarker profiles in tumors. Additionally, combined treatment with irradiation and PARP inhibitor significantly reduced tumor progression and extended survival, providing preclinical evidence for a potential therapeutic strategy for BRCA1-associated breast cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)