Review
Immunology
Simone N. Zwicky, Deborah Stroka, Joel Zindel
Summary: Most multicellular organisms have a major body cavity containing vital organs lined by a mucosa-like serosal surface and filled with serous fluid suspending immune cells. Injuries affecting this cavity can be life-threatening, prompting the need to study unique damage detection and repair mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah E. Herrick, Bettina Wilm
Summary: Post-surgical adhesions are internal scar tissue that affect the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity. Mesothelial cells, which form this lining, have important regulatory functions beyond just forming a barrier. Research is ongoing to understand the molecular mechanisms and gene expression associated with serosal repair and adhesion formation, with a focus on how local tissue specialization may influence the response of peritoneal cells to injury.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimberly G. Laffey, Robert J. Stiles, Melissa J. Ludescher, Tessa R. Davis, Shariq S. Khwaja, Richard J. Bram, Peter J. Wettstein, Venkataraman Ramachandran, Christopher A. Parks, Edwin E. Reyes, Alejandro Ferrer, Jenna M. Canfield, Cory E. Johnson, Richard D. Hammer, Diana Gil, Adam G. Schrum
Summary: During normal T cell development, a low-frequency population of early all TCR+ DN cells is present, which requires CD3δ for their generation/detection. These cells can respond to MHC and display coreceptor-independent MHC reactivity. It has been observed that these cells are susceptible to T-ALL transformation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angela R. Smith, Jesus A. Alonso, Cory M. Ayres, Nishant K. Singh, Lance M. Hellman, Brian M. Baker
Summary: This study shows that modifications at primary anchors, even without structural impact, can significantly affect T cell recognition depending on the TCR. The impact of peptide anchor modification can be sensed by a TCR at regions distant from the modification site, indicating a through-protein mechanism. These findings have implications for the use of anchor-modified peptides and predicting the immunogenicity of tumor neoantigens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastian Bittner, Brigitte Ruhland, Veronika Hofmann, Lisa Schmidleithner, Kathrin Schambeck, Asmita Pant, Philipp Stueve, Michael Delacher, Bernd Echtenacher, Matthias Edinger, Petra Hoffmann, Michael Rehli, Claudia Gebhard, Nicholas Strieder, Thomas Hehlgans, Markus Feuerer
Summary: In this study, the researchers introduced synthetic biosensors called artificial immune receptors (AIRs) to modulate regulatory T cells (Treg cells). These AIRs enable Treg cells to sense inflammation and activate specific signaling pathways. In animal models, Treg cells expressing AIRs provided better protection against graft-versus-host disease compared to control Treg cells. The expression and signaling of these artificial immune receptors in human Treg cells suggest the potential application of Treg cell-based therapy for various inflammation-driven diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Roy A. Mariuzza, Daichao Wu, Brian G. Pierce
Summary: This review summarizes recent studies on the structural and biophysical aspects of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of shared cancer neoantigens derived from oncogenes. The findings reveal the correlation between different mutations and the antigen presentation, and discuss the potential of TCR-mimic antibodies as an alternative to TCRs for targeting cancer neoantigens. Additionally, the review highlights recent computational advances and the significance of structural information in predicting neoepitope immunogenicity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Philip Bradley
Summary: The binding of T cell receptor (TCR) to peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins initiates the regulatory and effector functions of T cells. Structural modeling using deep neural networks shows promise in predicting TCR epitope specificity and discriminating correct peptide epitopes.
Article
Fisheries
C. Kossack, N. Fuentes, K. Maisey
Summary: This study provides a prediction of B-cell and T-cell antigenic epitopes for ISAV proteins in farmed Atlantic salmon. The predicted epitopes have the potential to elicit an immune response in salmon and serve as peptides for future vaccine development against ISAV. The ability to model and predict these interactions is crucial for understanding unknown epitope specificity and MHC binding.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Maki Nakayama, Aaron W. Michels
Summary: TCRs serve as unique markers that define antigen specificity for T cells, making them prime candidates for next-generation T cell biomarkers. Developing TCR biomarkers for T1D could potentially provide powerful tools for assessing disease activity and treatment development in diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Carley Tasker, Jenny Patel, Vibha Jawa, Jad Maamary
Summary: A novel cell-based assay has been proposed for investigating the endosomal processing and MHC class II presentation capabilities of antigens, utilizing competition between epitopes for MHC class II binding and labeled soluble T cell receptors as detectors for epitope presentation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Zhao, Lijun Sun, Qing Yuan, Zhenzhen Hao, Fei An, Wanting Zhang, Xiaoshuang Zhu, Bing Wang
Summary: The absence of BAP31 leads to an enlarged spleen and thymus in mice, accompanied by activated clustering and disrupted differentiation of CD4(+)T cells. In vitro co-culture studies show that the loss of BAP31 increases the expression of antigen presenting molecules, particularly MHC-II, on macrophages. These findings suggest that BAP31 regulates the activation and differentiation of CD4+T cells by modulating MHC class II molecule expression on macrophages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shira Weingarten-Gabbay, Susan Klaeger, Siranush Sarkizova, Leah R. Pearlman, Da-Yuan Chen, Kathleen M. E. Gallagher, Matthew R. Bauer, Hannah B. Taylor, W. Augustine Dunn, Christina Tarr, John Sidney, Suzanna Rachimi, Hasahn L. Conway, Katelin Katsis, Yuntong Wang, Del Leistritz-Edwards, Melissa R. Durkin, Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch, Yaara Finkel, Aharon Nachshon, Matteo Gentili, Keith D. Rivera, Isabel P. Carulli, Vipheaviny A. Chea, Abishek Chandrashekar, Cansu Cimen Bozkus, Mary Carrington, Nina Bhardwaj, Dan H. Barouch, Alessandro Sette, Marcela Maus, Charles M. Rice, Karl R. Clauser, Derin B. Keskin, Daniel C. Pregibon, Nir Hacohen, Steven A. Carr, Jennifer G. Abelin, Mohsan Saeed, Pardis C. Sabeti
Summary: T cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with some peptides derived from internal out-of-frame ORFs in spike and nucleocapsid eliciting stronger T cell responses than canonical peptides. Early expressed viral proteins contribute more to HLA-I presentation and immunogenicity, providing insights for vaccine development and immune monitoring.
Review
Immunology
Palak H. Mehta, Salvatore Fiorenza, Rachel M. Koldej, Anthony Jaworowski, David S. Ritchie, Kylie M. Quinn
Summary: T cell fitness plays a crucial role in the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy, and factors such as age, chronic infection, malignancy, and treatment may impact T cell health. Tailoring clinical decisions and CTT protocols for patients with severe T cell dysfunction could improve treatment outcomes and methods for T cell collection and delivery.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kazuyoshi Ishigaki, Kaitlyn Lagattuta, Yang Luo, Eddie James, Jane Buckner, Soumya Raychaudhuri
Summary: Genetic analyses provide evidence supporting the central hypothesis that HLA alleles influence T cell receptor composition and increase the risk of autoimmune diseases.
Article
Immunology
Danielle Minns, Katie J. Smith, Gareth Hardisty, Adriano G. Rossi, Emily Gwyer Findlay
Summary: Resting neutrophils suppress T cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine production, while de-granulating neutrophils do not; Different stages of T cells have different responses to neutrophils, with naive T cells showing no response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jonathan S. Cebon, Martin Gore, John F. Thompson, Ian D. Davis, Grant A. McArthur, Euan Walpole, Mark Smithers, Vincenzo Cerundolo, P. Rod Dunbar, Duncan MacGregor, Cyril Fisher, Michael Millward, Paul Nathan, Michael P. N. Findlay, Peter Hersey, T. R. Jeffry Evans, Christian Hermann Ottensmeier, Jeremy Marsden, Angus G. Dalgleish, Pippa G. Corrie, Marples Maria, Margaret Brimble, Geoff Williams, Sintia Winkler, Heather M. Jackson, Liliana Endo-Munoz, Candani S. A. Tutuka, Ralph Venhaus, Lloyd J. Old, Dennis Haack, Eugene Maraskovsky, Andreas Behren, Weisan Chen
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2020)
Article
Oncology
P. L. Smith, Y. Yogaratnam, M. Samad, S. Kasow, A. G. Dalgleish
Summary: Chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer is limited in efficacy due to difficulty in treating established tumors and tumor resistance. This study investigated the impact of combining Gemcitabine with immune modulatory chemotherapies on the immunogenicity of pancreatic tumor cells and T-cell responses, showing both additive and inhibitory effects on immune recognition markers. The findings highlight complex interactions in designing chemo-immunogenic combinations for use with immunotherapy.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Emma L. Sparrow, Daniel W. Fowler, Joe Fenn, Jonathan Caron, John Copier, Angus G. Dalgleish, Mark D. Bodman-Smith
Article
Oncology
Tanzeel Khan, Alan M. Seddon, Angus G. Dalgleish, Said Khelwatty, Nikolaos Ioannou, Satvinder Mudan, Helmout Modjtahedi
Article
Oncology
Andrew M. Gravett, Jayne L. Dennis, Angus G. Dalgleish, John Copier, Wai M. Liu
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gustav van Niekerk, Angus G. Dalgleish, Fourie Joubert, Annie Joubert, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
Summary: Insulin regulates immune cell phenotypes through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, potentially impacting ICB therapy; Insulin interacts with immune pathways such as JAK/STAT, and is regulated by PD-1 and CTLA-4.
Review
Oncology
Wai M. Liu, Angus G. Dalgleish
Summary: Considering the increase in anecdotal reports, LDN shows potential in cancer treatment through its effects on receptors, immune function, and signaling pathways involved in cancer cell control. Clinical trials, especially in combination with certain chemotherapy, are recommended.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katarzyna Piadel, Amin Haybatollahi, Angus George Dalgleish, Peter Lawrence Smith
Summary: The study investigates alternative vaccine strategies to broaden T-cell responses and provide cross-immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus outbreaks. Highly conserved peptides containing immunogenic epitopes were synthesized and demonstrated antigenicity against T-cells from individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wai M. Liu, Nadine K. Hall, Harry S. Y. Liu, Francis L. Hood, Angus G. Dalgleish
Summary: The combination of CBD and LDN, administered in a specific sequence, significantly reduces cancer cell numbers and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy. This effect is also observed in a mouse model, with no significant toxicity.
Article
Immunology
Peter Lawrence Smith, Katarzyna Piadel, Angus George Dalgleish
Summary: Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment, but only a minority of patients respond to this treatment and some cancers are resistant to it. CD4(+) and CD8(+) alpha beta T-cells play a crucial role in the anti-tumor immune response, but their function is often compromised in cancer patients.
Article
Immunology
J. Fenn, L. A. Ridgley, A. White, C. Sarfas, M. Dennis, A. Dalgleish, R. Reljic, S. Sharpe, M. Bodman-Smith
Summary: This study demonstrates that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) can expand V delta 2(+) T cells and enhance their cytotoxicity against tumor cells, suggesting its potential in enhancing anti-tumor responses. Compared to zoledronic acid (ZA) expanded cells, BCG-expanded cells exhibit a more diverse range of cytokine production and lower upregulation of exhaustion marker CD57. These findings highlight the potential of BCG treatment in potentiating anti-tumor V delta 2(+) T cell responses.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
John T. Schiller, Douglas R. Lowy
Summary: Given the renewed interest in vaccine development sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic, this article revisits the current state of vaccine development for cancer prevention and treatment. Experts discuss different vaccine types, their antigens and modes of action, and provide insights into the clinical development progress and challenges that need to be overcome for wide implementation.
Article
Oncology
Angus G. Dalgleish, Wai M. Liu
Summary: This study described the use of a novel immunotherapy, IMM-101, in combination with conventional treatments in patients with prostate cancer. The results showed that IMM-101 treatment, along with an anti-inflammatory agent, led to clinical improvements and reduction in prostate-specific antigen levels in some patients.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Christine Galustian, Angus Dalgleish, Mark Bodman-Smith, Sergei Kusmartsev, Prokar Dasgupta
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Laura A. Ridgley, Jonathan Caron, Angus Dalgleish, Mark Bodman-Smith
Summary: The expression of activatory and inhibitory receptors on V gamma 9V delta 2 T-cells was assessed to explore the potential regulation of their activity. The results showed that V gamma 9V delta 2 T-cells expressed high levels of activatory markers and variable levels of inhibitory receptors, which were upregulated upon stimulation. However, immune checkpoint blockade had no effect on the cytotoxic capacity or cytokine production of V delta 2+ T-cells when cultured with tumor cells expressing cognate ligands.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)