Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Changwei Zheng, Xin Wei, Xiaochuan Cao
Summary: This study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal association of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The results showed that increased BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference were associated with an increased risk of DR, as well as different stages of DR. These findings suggest that controlling obesity may be effective in preventing the development of DR.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Juntao Wang, Yanlan Hu, Jun Zeng, Quan Li, Lanfen He, Wenjie Hao, Xingyue Song, Shijiao Yan, Chuanzhu Lv
Summary: This study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization to explore the correlation and causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sepsis. The results showed that increased BMI was associated with an increased risk of sepsis, supporting a causal relationship. Proper control of BMI may help prevent sepsis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Jingya Dong, Yixuan Gong, Tengda Chu, Lixia Wu, Sisi Li, Hui Deng, Rongdang Hu, Yi Wang
Summary: This study investigated the potential causal association between obesity and periodontal diseases using Mendelian randomization. The results suggest that obesity may be causally associated with an increased risk of periodontitis and loose teeth, but not with the single trait periodontitis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xuelun Zou, Leiyun Wang, Linxiao Xiao, Zihao Xu, Tianxing Yao, Minxue Shen, Yi Zeng, Le Zhang
Summary: The study revealed a significant positive association between obesity class I and II and ischemic stroke, while obesity class III was not related. Obesity was strongly associated with large artery stroke and cardioembolic stroke among all ischemic stroke subtypes in the obese population.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jingru Lu, Xiaoshuang Liu, Song Jiang, Shuyan Kan, Yu An, Chunxia Zheng, Xiang Li, Zhihong Liu, Guotong Xie
Summary: The study found that an increase in body mass index was causally associated with a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy and a lower eGFR level in type 2 diabetes patients. The impact of BMI on DN risk was greater in women, but there was no causal association with proteinuria.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruixin He, Ruizhi Zheng, Jie Zheng, Mian Li, Tiange Wang, Zhiyun Zhao, Shuangyuan Wang, Hong Lin, Jieli Lu, Yuhong Chen, Yu Xu, Weiqing Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning
Summary: This study used a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationships between circulating glutamine levels, depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder (MDD), and body mass index (BMI). The results showed that both obesity and downregulation of glutamine were causally linked to depression. This study provides insights into the complex relationships between obesity, glutamine, and depression.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lijuan He, Tingting Yu, Wei Zhang, Baojian Wang, Yufeng Ma, Sen Li
Summary: The study used Mendelian randomization with genetic variants as instrumental variables to find a causal association between body mass index and the risk of AT. No causal relationship was found between other potential risk factors and AT.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
V. P. Narayan, S. Y. Yoon
Summary: This study found little evidence to support the protective effect of caffeine or coffee consumption against obesity, contradicting previous observational studies. It also highlights the dangers of ignoring genetic testing and relying solely on observational studies restricted to specific populations when making dietary policy recommendations.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Io Ieong Chan, Man Ki Kwok, C. Mary Schooling
Summary: This study investigated the association between pubertal maturation timing and adulthood blood pressure using Mendelian randomization (MR) with larger genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. The results showed a significant correlation between pubertal maturation timing and adulthood blood pressure, independent of childhood body mass index (BMI).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yi He, Cong Zheng, Min-Hui He, Jian-Rong Huang
Summary: The study used Mendelian randomization to explore the causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on osteoarthritis. Three different statistical methods consistently showed a positive association between BMI and the increased risk of osteoarthritis. The results indicated that BMI might be causally associated with the risk of osteoarthritis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
G. Butler-Laporte, A. Harroud, V Forgetta, J. B. Richards
Summary: Elevated BMI is associated with increased risk of both infectious disease admissions and mortality, particularly for skin and soft tissue infections and pneumonia. The impact on sepsis mortality is less clear and warrants further investigation.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lars Meinertz Byg, Maria Speed, Doug Speed, Soren Dinesen Ostergaard
Summary: The study suggests that genetic liability to bipolar disorder is associated with lower BMI, primarily due to reduced fat mass. However, there is no evidence that BMI causes changes in the risk of developing bipolar disorder.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jiarui Mi, Zhengye Liu
Summary: Previous studies have shown that obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome, with these risk factors being independent of each other.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marios Arvanitis, Guanghao Qi, Deepak L. Bhatt, Wendy S. Post, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Alexis Battle, John W. McEvoy
Summary: The study revealed that there is no evidence for a nonlinear J- or U-shaped relationship between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, including myocardial infarction (MI). Instead, the risk of MI consistently decreases per unit decrease in DBP, even among individuals with low baseline DBP values.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jing Hu, Quan Gan, Dong Zhou, Xing Xia, Wei Xiang, Rong Xiao, Jing Tang, Jie Li
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization to evaluate the risk of sepsis associated with obesity phenotypes. The findings showed that increased body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) predicted a higher risk of sepsis, while WC adjusted for BMI (WCadjBMI) did not have a causal effect on sepsis risk. This study suggests that obesity management might be beneficial for reducing the risk of sepsis.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ciarrah-Jane Barry, David Carslake, Kaitlin H. Wade, Eleanor Sanderson, George Davey Smith
Summary: This study applied and evaluated two intergenerational instrumental variable methods to estimate the average causal effect of BMI on mortality. The results suggested that higher BMI increased mortality, but caution is required in interpreting the exact values as causal.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hannah M. Sallis, Tom Palmer, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Marcus R. Munafo
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization and reverse MR to investigate the confounding effect of reverse causality in the association between alcohol consumption and educational attainment, physical and mental health. The findings suggest that observed beneficial effects of alcohol consumption may be attributed to confounding by reverse causation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Wikus Barkhuizen, Biyao Wang, Laurie J. Hannigan, Espen Moen Eilertsen, Elizabeth Corfield, Ole A. Andreassen, Helga Ask, Martin Tesli, Ragna Bugge Askeland, George Davey Smith, Camilla Stoltenberg, Neil M. Davies, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Eivind Ystrom, Alexandra Havdahl
Summary: This study explores the mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of risk for ADHD traits. The results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in this transmission, rather than environmental influences from parents. The findings emphasize the importance of considering genetic transmission in understanding the development of ADHD.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Franciney Anselmo Ferreira, Fernando Jose Herkrath, Bernardo Lessa Horta, Luiza Garnelo
Summary: This study analyzed the work processes of institutional supporters in delivering care services through a mobile river clinic. The findings highlight the lack of institutionalization in the work of supporters, the importance of immersion in rural mobile activities, and the centrality of daily living work. The study also reveals that the lack of administrative support and underfunding for infrastructure and logistics weaken the interventions of supporters and multiprofessional teams.
INTERFACE-COMUNICACAO SAUDE EDUCACAO
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Fergus Hamilton, Alexander J. Mentzer, Tom Parks, J. Kenneth Baillie, George Davey Smith, Peter Ghazal, Nicholas J. Timpson
Summary: ERAP2 gene variation is associated with respiratory infection and autoimmune diseases. The T allele of rs2549794 is found to be deleterious during the Black Death epidemic and is also associated with decreased ERAP2 expression and protein levels. The study suggests a balancing selection at this locus driven by autoimmune and infectious diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laurence J. Howe, Humaira Rasheed, Paul R. Jones, Dorret Boomsma, David M. Evans, Alexandros Giannelis, Caroline Hayward, John L. Hopper, Amanda Hughes, Hannu Lahtinen, Shuai Li, Penelope A. Lind, Nicholas G. Martin, Pekka Martikainen, Sarah E. Medland, Tim T. Morris, Michel G. Nivard, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Karri Silventoinen, Jennifer A. Smith, Emily A. Willoughby, James F. Wilson, Bjorn Olav Asvold, Oyvind E. Naess, George Davey Smith, Jaakko Kaprio, Ben Brumpton, Neil M. Davies
Summary: Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies suggest that educational attainment has beneficial effects on adult health outcomes. However, these estimates may be biased due to population stratification, assortative mating, and indirect genetic effects. Using both population and within-sibship MR approaches, this study provides evidence that genetic liability to educational attainment is associated with decreased BMI, cigarette smoking, and SBP, and potentially with mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stefan Stender, George Davey Smith, Tom G. Richardson
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether genetic risk factors for fatty liver disease (FLD) begin to exert their deleterious effects during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. The results showed that genetic risk factors were associated with elevated liver enzymes starting from childhood and their effects amplified with increasing age.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hannah M. Sallis, Robyn E. Wootton, George Davey Smith, Marcus R. Munafo
Summary: This study used a proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring mental health. The results suggest that the effect of maternal smoking on offspring schizophrenia is dependent on offspring smoking status. However, there is no clear evidence of an association between maternal smoking heaviness and offspring depression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Amy Shakeshaft, Jon Heron, Rachel Blakey, Lucy Riglin, George Davey Smith, Evie Stergiakouli, Kate Tilling, Anita Thapar
Summary: This study used data from a population cohort to examine the correlations between ADHD and autistic traits across development. The results showed distinct patterns of co-development of ADHD and autism, and these patterns were associated with sociodemographic, psychopathology, cognition, and social functioning factors. Furthermore, genetic signatures as indexed by polygenic scores differed among different trajectory classes.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Natalia E. Poveda, Linda S. Adair, Reynaldo Martorell, Shivani A. Patel, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Santosh K. Bhargava, Sonny A. Bechayda, Delia B. Carba, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Bernardo Lessa Horta, Natalia Peixoto Lima, Monica Mazariegos, Ana Maria Baptista Menezes, Shane A. Norris, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Linda M. Richter, Harshpal Sachdev, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Aryeh D. Stein
Summary: This study found that higher birth weight and relative weight gains in infancy, childhood, and adolescence were positively associated with adult body composition. Relative weight gains in childhood and adolescence were the strongest predictors of adult body composition, while a faster linear growth in infancy weakly predicted higher adult adiposity.
Article
Biology
Mark Gormley, Tom Dudding, Steven J. Thomas, Jessica Tyrrell, Andrew R. Ness, Miranda Pring, Danny Legge, George Davey Smith, Rebecca C. Richmond, Emma E. Vincent, Caroline Bull, Belinda Nicolau
Summary: A recent study suggests that smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity are important modifiable lifestyle factors contributing to cancer. However, further investigation is needed to identify other potential risk factors for head and neck cancer, especially in light of the declining smoking rates. The study conducted Mendelian randomization using genetic variants associated with adiposity, diabetes, and hypertension to explore their causal effects on oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk. The findings suggested limited evidence of a causal relationship between body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and the risk of head and neck cancer.
Article
Psychiatry
Ragna Bugge Askeland, Laurie J. Hannigan, Kevin S. O'Connell, Elizabeth C. Corfield, Oleksandr Frei, Anita Thapar, George Davey Smith, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ole A. Andreassen, Helga Ask, Alexandra Havdahl
Summary: Knowledge on how genetic risk for bipolar disorder manifests in developmental, emotional or behavioral traits during childhood is lacking. This issue is important to address to inform early detection and intervention efforts. Our study investigated the association between polygenic risk for bipolar disorder and developmental outcomes in children, and found robust evidence for an association with conduct difficulties and oppositional defiant difficulties at 8 years. Other associations were estimated within a range close to zero, except for negative associations with activity levels and benevolence at age 5 and positive associations with motor difficulties, inattention, and hyperactivity at age 3 and 8. These findings suggest that genetic risk for bipolar disorder manifests as disruptive behaviors in childhood.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ana Luiza Arruda, April Hartley, Georgia Katsoula, George Davey Smith, Andrew P. Morris, Eleftheria Zeggini
Summary: Multimorbidity is a growing public health challenge and understanding its genetic basis is crucial. This study focuses on the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis and identifies genetic correlation and association-signal colocalization between the two diseases. The integration of multi-omics and functional information reveals high-confidence effector genes and enrichment for lipid metabolism and skeletal formation pathways. Causal inference analysis shows complex effects of tissue-specific gene expression on comorbidity outcomes, providing insights into the biological basis of the disease co-occurrence.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria K. Sobczyk, Jie Zheng, George Davey Smith, Tom R. Gaunt
Summary: We conclude that careful triangulation of MR with RCT evidence should involve consideration of similarity of phenotypes across study designs, intervention intensity and duration, study population demography and health status, comparator group, intervention goal and quality of evidence.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Charles Phillipe de Lucena Alves, Inacio Crochemore-Silva, Natalia P. Lima, Pieter Coenen, Bernardo Lessa Horta
Summary: This study found that there was no association or limited clinical relevance between occupational and leisure-time physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in early adulthood.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH
(2023)