The onset of alloying in Cu-Ni powders under high-shear consolidation

Friction consolidation (FC) is a solid phase processing methodology that densifies a material through high-shear deformation and pressure at elevated temperature. The method has garnered interest in the scien-tific community because of its ability to produce extremely refined and homogeneous microstructures, off-axis texture development, and improved material properties. This manuscript presents an investiga-tion of Cu and Ni material mixing via evaluation of morphological evolution, grain boundary characteriza-tion, and compositional analysis to provide insights on the operational alloying mechanisms occurring under high shear and elevated temperature. Using correlative microscopy techniques, we show alloying progresses via a combination of grain boundary diffusion and interfacial roughening at heterophase boundaries. Evidence supporting Cu infiltration along Ni-Ni grain boundaries along with asymmetric dif-fusion of Cu into Ni grains is highlighted. The resultant, consolidated microstructure was produced directly from a powder compact in-30 s and exhibited a submicrometer, equiaxed grain size. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

Friction consolidation is a solid phase processing methodology that densifies material through high-shear deformation and pressure at elevated temperature, known for producing extremely refined and homogeneous microstructures, off-axis texture development, and improved material properties.