Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tetiana Mukhina, Yuri Gerelli, Arnaud Hemmerle, Alexandros Koutsioubas, Kirill Kovalev, Jean-Marie Teulon, Jean-Luc Pellequer, Jean Daillant, Thierry Charitat, Giovanna Fragneto
Summary: The proton pump transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin was successfully incorporated into planar floating lipid bilayers in gel and fluid phases using a detergent-mediated method. Neutron and X-ray reflectometry were employed to determine the structure and composition of the membrane protein system with sub-nanometer resolution, showing that lipid bilayer integrity and protein activity were preserved during the reconstitution process. Reversible structural modifications of the membrane induced by bacteriorhodopsin functional activity triggered by visible light were observed and characterized at the nanoscale.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dustin Eby, Mikolaj Jakowski, Valeria Lauter, Mathieu Doucet, Panchapakesan Ganesh, Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera, Rajeev Kumar
Summary: Diblock copolymers undergo microphase separation due to repulsive interactions between dissimilar monomers. In thin films, additional effects make microphase separation more complicated. Physics-based models have been used to extract interaction parameters, but they are time-intensive and prone to errors. This work develops an alternative method using neural networks to extract parameters from neutron scattering length density profiles, paving the way for automated analysis using machine learning tools.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Cao, Oleg Petracic, Xian-Kui Wei, Hengbo Zhang, Tomas Duchon, Felix Gunkel, Alexandros Koutsioubas, Kirill Zhernenkov, Konstantin Z. Rushchanskii, Heinrich Hartmann, Marek Wilhelm, Zichao Li, Yufang Xie, Suqin He, Moritz L. Weber, Annika Stellhorn, Joachim Mayer, Shengqiang Zhou, Thomas Brueckel, Katefina Veltruska
Summary: The study investigates the evolution of oxygen content in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-δ epitaxial thin films in real-time, shedding light on the kinetics of oxygen transport in emerging technologies. Through polarized neutron reflectometry, a quantitative depth profile of the oxygen content gradient is achieved, uniquely revealing the formation of a novel structural phase near the surface.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingxing Feng, James F. Browning, M. R. Fitzsimmons, Qiang Wang, Jaroslaw Majewski, Peng Wang, Dale W. Schaefer
Summary: This study compares polarized neutron reflectometry, non-polarized neutron reflectometry, and x-ray reflectometry for pure iron. The results show that polarized neutron reflectometry provides more precise magnetic and composition profiles, while non-polarized neutron reflectometry has significant errors.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lars J. Bannenberg, Herman Schreuders, Nathan van Beugen, Christy Kinane, Stephen Hall, Bernard Dam
Summary: In the future hydrogen economy, accurate, cost-efficient, and safe hydrogen sensors based on metal hydrides will be important. Alloying can tune the properties of hydrogen-sensing materials, as demonstrated by thin films of tantalum doped with ruthenium. The alloying effects include modifying the enthalpy of hydrogenation, shifting the pressure window for hydrogen absorption, and reducing the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the material, allowing for tunable sensitivity and a wide sensing range.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nebojsa Zec, Gaetano Mangiapia, Alex C. Hendry, Robert Barker, Alexandros Koutsioubas, Henrich Frielinghaus, Mario Campana, Jose Luis Ortega-Roldan, Sebastian Busch, Jean-Francois Moulin
Summary: The study highlights the importance of combining experimental neutron scattering data with molecular dynamics simulations. By cross-validating scattering data and simulation results, issues encountered in experiments can be addressed and research opportunities maximized. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique are discussed in detail to optimize the combination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Ling, Tu Sun, Linshuo Guo, Xiaomeng Si, Yilan Jiang, Qing Zhang, Zhaoxi Chen, Osamu Terasaki, Yanhang Ma
Summary: This article reports the atomic-level ab initio structure determinations of microcrystals by combining 3D electron diffraction and environmental transmission electron microscope. The study reveals the stimuli-responsive structures of crystals under various environmental conditions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Laszlo Szentmiklosi, Zoltan Kis, Manako Tanaka, Boglarka Maroti, Masato Hoshino, Katalin Bajnok
Summary: A workflow combining multiple techniques and computer simulations was used to non-destructively determine the elemental compositions of internal volumes within complex-shaped objects. This method was successfully applied to an iron lobster artifact from Japan's Edo period, revealing its construction from hammered plates and identifying the composition of rivets and solder materials. The study found that different adhesives were used for bonding small areas versus larger surfaces.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
O. A. Kondratev, I. A. Makhotkin, S. N. Yakunin
Summary: By studying the Co/Cu/Co multilayer structure and utilizing specific analysis techniques, the threshold copper thickness required to effectively separate the magnetic Co layer can be identified.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
K. Alizai, J. Chenevez, A. Cumming, N. Degenaar, M. Falanga, D. K. Galloway, J. J. M. in 't Zand, G. K. Jaisawal, L. Keek, E. Kuulkers, N. Lampe, H. Schatz, M. Serino
Summary: This study presents a catalogue of 84 long thermonuclear bursts and distinguishes them from short bursts based on new criteria. The peak flux and fluence measurements confirm the distinction between intermediate-duration bursts and superbursts. This catalogue significantly expands the sample of rare X-ray bursts for further study.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hiroyuki Aoki, Yuwei Liu, Takashi Yamashita
Summary: The study aims to develop a methodology for structural analysis using neutron reflectometry data with a large statistical error acquired in a short measurement time. The neural network-based method predicts the true neutron reflectometry profile from data obtained with 20-fold lower signal, indicating a potential reduction in acquisition time by more than one order of magnitude.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sebastien E. Hadjadj, Carmen Gonzalez-Orellana, James Lawrence, Djuro Bikaljevic, Marina Pena-Diaz, Pierluigi Gargiani, Lucia Aballe, Jan Naumann, Miguel Aprimengel Nino, Michael Foerster, Sandra Ruiz-Gomez, Sangeeta Thakur, Ivar Kumberg, James M. Taylor, Jack Hayes, Jorge Torres, Chen Luo, Florin Radu, Dimas G. de Oteyza, Wolfgang Kuch, Jose Ignacio Pascual, Celia Rogero, Maxim Ilyn
Summary: The growth of magnetic 2D semiconductor FeBr2 has been widely studied, and the epitaxial growth on Au(111) substrate was investigated in this study. It was found that the single-layer FeBr2 exhibited different magnetic behavior compared to its bulk counterpart, which can be attributed to the modifications in the crystal structure due to the interaction with the substrate.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Matthew J. Herman, Michael R. Bull, Erik B. Watkins, Daniel E. Hooks, Nathan A. Miller, Cheng Liu, John D. Yeager
Summary: This study reports neutron reflectometry (NR) studies of bio-mimetic polymer polydopamine (PDA) deposited from differing initial concentrations of precursor material dopamine hydrochloride. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed to understand the surface structure and mechanical differences of PDA. The results show that film structure and quality are heavily impacted by the initial concentration of dopamine hydrochloride and the polymerization time, indicating the highly customizable nature of PDA.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sachiko Tsuruta, Madeline J. Kelly, Ken'ichi Nomoto, Kanji Mori, Marcus Teter, Andrew C. Liebmann
Summary: Magnetars, neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields (10(14-15) G), have higher temperatures than ordinary pulsars with similar magnetic fields (around 10(12) G), suggesting additional heating sources. One possible explanation is heating by ambipolar diffusion in the stellar core. By calculating models using a relativistic thermal evolutionary code (without making the isothermal approximation), it is found that this scenario can explain most of the observed magnetar temperature data.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ivan S. Zhidkov, Andrey I. Kukharenko, Mikhail A. Milyaev, Evgeniy A. Kravtsov, Marina V. Makarova, Vladimir V. Gapontsev, Sergey V. Streltsov, Seif O. Cholakh, Ernst Z. Kurmaev
Summary: X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to measure Cu thin films with different thicknesses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 A) coated with Ta layers. The results showed that the protective layer was completely oxidized when the thickness of Ta layer reached 10 A. At a thickness of 15 A, a pure Ta-metal line appeared in the XPS spectrum, and its contribution increased up to 30 A. The XPS spectra of the underlying copper layer indicated oxidation and formation of CuO up to a Ta-layer thickness of 10 A, but complete protection against oxidation was achieved when the Ta-layer thickness reached 15 A.