Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iain Phillips, Mark Stares, Lindsay Allan, Judith Sayers, Richard Skipworth, Barry Laird
Summary: Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death. However, many patients with advanced lung cancer are too unwell for treatment, leading to poor outcomes. Cancer cachexia, which is common in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, is one of the reasons patients are not fit for treatment. There is emerging data suggesting that multi-modal intervention may have a role in treating cachexia.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Aline Emanuel, Julia Krampitz, Friederike Rosenberger, Sabine Kind, Ingeborg Roetzer
Summary: This systematic review investigates the impact of nutritional interventions on cachexia, malnutrition, and weight loss in patients with pancreatic cancer. The results suggest that enteral nutrition and dietary supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids have positive effects on the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lisa Martin, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson, Catherine Kubrak, Barry Laird, Bruno Gagnon, Martin Chasen, Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Ola Wallengren, Anne C. Voss, Francois Goldwasser, R. Thomas Jagoe, Chris Deans, Federico Bozzetti, Florian Strasser, Lene Thoresen, Sean Kazemi, Vickie Baracos, Pierre Senesse
Summary: The research aggregated data from Canadian and European studies to evaluate the associations of reduced food intake and CRP with cancer-associated weight loss and overall survival. The study identified important factors such as reduced food intake and CRP levels that were associated with cancer-associated cachexia. These findings may help improve the diagnosis and classification of cancer-related wasting.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
D. Robert Paval, Rebekah Patton, James McDonald, Richard J. E. Skipworth, Iain J. Gallagher, Barry J. Laird
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a clinical need that affects more than 50% of cancer patients. This systematic review examines the relationship between cytokines and cachexia syndrome in patients with incurable cancer. The findings suggest that cytokines, particularly IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8, are associated with the development of cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jochen Springer, Queralt Jove, Edson Alves de Lima Junior, Natalia Alvarez Ladron, Francisco Javier Lopez-Soriano, Silvia Busquets, Josep M. Argiles, Daniel L. Marks
Summary: S-pindolol attenuates muscle loss in animal models of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. In pancreatic cancer cachexia and lung cancer cachexia models, treatment with 3 mg/kg/day of S-pindolol significantly attenuated the loss of body weight and muscle mass, leading to improved grip strength. S-pindolol shows great potential in the treatment of cancer cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Andrew Hendifar, Rasaq Akinsola, Hayato Muranaka, Arsen Osipov, Shant Thomassian, Natalie Moshayedi, Julianne Yang, Jonathan Jacobs, Suzanne Devkota, Neil Bhowmick, Jun Gong
Summary: Nearly 80% of PDAC patients develop cachexia, characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation. Current management involves nutritional support, enzyme replacement therapy, and pharmacologic interventions, but there is a need for novel insights and treatments. This study highlights the effectiveness of enteral feeding in improving cachexia outcomes and characterizes the stool microbiome composition in PDAC patients, suggesting a potential interventional strategy.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kenichi Nishie, Tomomi Nishie, Seiichi Sato, Masayuki Hanaoka
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome involving functional impairment and body composition changes that cannot be reversed by nutritional support. It decreases skeletal muscle mass, increases lipolysis, and reduces food intake. As no effective interventions are currently available, it remains an unmet need in cancer treatment. However, recent discoveries and treatments, along with published guidelines, provide hope for developing effective strategies to diagnose and treat cancer cachexia, which could lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wulf Hildebrandt, Jan Keck, Simon Schmich, Gabriel A. Bonaterra, Beate Wilhelm, Hans Schwarzbach, Anna Eva, Mirjam Bertoune, Emily P. Slater, Volker Fendrich, Ralf Kinscherf
Summary: Skeletal muscle wasting is a significant issue in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and this study aimed to identify the factors responsible for muscle wasting. The researchers found that muscle wasting was associated with PDAC development and local inflammation, without affecting microcirculation, innervation, or mitochondria. Surprisingly, markers of inflammation, protein hydrolysis, and increased amino acid and glutathione levels were also detected in mice with precancerous lesions.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiaoling Zhong, Ashok Narasimhan, Libbie M. Silverman, Andrew R. Young, Safi Shahda, Sheng Liu, Jun Wan, Yunlong Liu, Leonidas G. Koniaris, Teresa A. Zimmers
Summary: Cachexia in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma displays sex-specific phenotypes, with male patients experiencing earlier and more severe cachexia. The reproductive hormone and cytokine Activin plays a significant role in muscle wasting in male patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lakshmi Sandhya, Nirmala Devi Sreenivasan, Luxitaa Goenka, Biswajit Dubashi, Smita Kayal, Manikandan Solaiappan, Ramkumar Govindarajalou, K. T. Harichandrakumar, Prasanth Ganesan
Summary: This trial assessed the efficacy of olanzapine in stimulating appetite and improving weight gain in patients receiving chemotherapy. The results showed that low-dose daily olanzapine significantly improved appetite and weight gain in these patients, with minimal side effects.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra Chovsepian, Olga Prokopchuk, Gabriela Petrova, Hanna Kuzi, Simone Heisz, Marc E. Martignoni, Helmut Friess, Hans Hauner, Maria Rohm
Summary: Diabetes worsens the development and progression of cachexia in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer, leading to higher incidence of wasting, greater weight loss, and reduced survival rate compared to patients without diabetes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroki Nishikawa, Masahiro Goto, Shinya Fukunishi, Akira Asai, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Summary: Cachexia is a malnutrition associated with chronic diseases, characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and weight loss. Current standard treatments are lacking due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, which involves multiple etiologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Takehito Shukuya, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Yasushi Shintani, Keita Miura, Ikuo Sekine, Koichi Takayama, Akira Inoue, Isamu Okamoto, Katsuyuki Kiura, Tomoya Kawaguchi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Etsuo Miyaoka, Ichiro Yoshino, Hiroshi Date
Summary: This study examined the epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of cancer cachexia on chemotherapy response rate and prognosis in lung cancer patients. Cancer cachexia significantly affects a patient's quality of life and prognosis. Understanding these factors related to cancer cachexia is crucial for overcoming it in lung cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Masashi Tsunematsu, Tadashi Uwagawa, Shinji Onda, Yoshihiro Shirai, Norimitsu Okui, Michinori Matsumoto, Kenei Furukawa, Koichiro Haruki, Shunta Ishizaki, Toru Ikegami
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation indicators can predict the effect of anamorelin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The results showed that the C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR) can predict the efficacy of anamorelin.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tanja Krauss, Simone Heisz, Julius Honecker, Olga Prokopchuk, Marc Martignoni, Klaus-Peter Janssen, Melina Claussnitzer, Hans Hauner, Claudine Seeliger
Summary: This study aimed to identify specific miRNAs related to organ-specific cancer cachexia (CCx) and explore their functional role in humans. The findings showed that miR-122-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-375, and miR-424-5p were associated with CCx and may contribute to tissue wasting and skeletal muscle atrophy through the regulation of catabolic signals.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
D. J. M. Barnett, M. F. Endika, C. E. Klostermann, F. Gu, C. Thijs, A. Nauta, H. A. Schols, H. Smidt, I. C. W. Arts, J. Penders
Summary: The infant gut microbiota is influenced by antibiotic exposures and prebiotic oligosaccharides found in breast milk. This study analyzed the stool microbiota of 1023 one-month-old infants and found that breastfeeding and antibiotic exposure both decrease gut microbial diversity, but have different effects on microbiota composition. Other factors such as C-section, homebirth, siblings, and exposure to animals also impact microbiota composition. Understanding these factors can help protect and promote a healthy infant gut microbiota.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert van Vorstenbosch, Hao Ran Cheng, Daisy Jonkers, John Penders, Erik Schoon, Ad Masclee, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Agnieszka Smolinska, Zlatan Mujagic
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with changes in volatile metabolic profiles, making it possible for non-invasive detection. However, the origin of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their relation to gut microbiome are still not fully understood. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding on this topic. The analysis of seventy-one included studies revealed dysregulations in various matrices, such as feces, urine, breath, blood, tissue, and saliva, with short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, proteolytic fermentation products, and products related to tricarboxylic acid cycle and Warburg metabolism being the most frequently reported.
Article
Microbiology
Evy Maas, John Penders, Koen Venema
Summary: Most research on the human microbiome has focused on bacteria, with less attention given to fungi and their role in human health, particularly their modulation through diet. This study used a validated in vitro model of the colon to investigate the gut fungal community and its response to different dietary interventions. The results showed that the mycobiome had lower diversity and greater variability compared to the bacterial community, and that diet could influence its composition and diversity.
Article
Microbiology
Evy Maas, John Penders, Koen Venema
Summary: This study investigated the relationships between fungi and bacteria using a complex computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon. The results showed that cross-kingdom interactions exist between fungi and bacteria, and they can influence each other. These findings are important for understanding the role of the microbial community in the human gut.
Article
Microbiology
Evy Maas, John Penders, Koen Venema
Summary: Most studies on the human gut microbiota focus on bacteria, but recent research indicates that intestinal fungi are also important for maintaining health. This study analyzed the mycobiome of healthy individuals and its interaction with the bacterial component of the microbiome. The results showed a lower diversity of fungi compared to bacteria, with significant inter-individual variation. Positive correlations were observed between certain fungi and bacteria, including those associated with alleviating inflammatory bowel disease. Further research is needed to investigate the importance of these correlations and distinguish between gut colonizers and transient species.
Article
Immunology
Min Deng, Merel R. Aberle, Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen, Gregory van der Kroft, Kaatje Lenaerts, Ulf P. Neumann, Georg Wiltberger, Frank G. Schaap, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Sander S. Rensen
Summary: This study found that high levels of lipocalin-2 are associated with neutrophil activation in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia and may contribute to their poor nutritional status.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cultural Studies
Alena Kamenshchikova, Petra F. G. Wolffs, Christian J. P. A. Hoebe, John Penders, Klasien Horstman
Summary: Complex phenomena, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), are often explained in biomedical sciences using analogies and metaphors. These metaphors play a crucial role in knowledge production and can shape scientific models of thought. Some metaphors, like 'AMR is an apocalypse' or 'antibiotics are weapons', are recognized immediately, but others, such as 'bacterial reservoirs' and 'bacterial colonies', are presented as literal and descriptive. However, these terms still carry historical links and can perpetuate thinking about bacteria as foreign actors.
SCIENCE AS CULTURE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Roos G. F. M. van der Ven, Daan N. Westra, Felice H. van Erning, Ignace de Hingh, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Agnes Paulus, Wouter K. G. Leclercq, Marcel den Dulk, OncoZON Consortium
Summary: This study examines whether inequalities in the utilization of resection and/or ablation for synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) between expert and non-expert hospitals changed since the implementation of a multi-hospital network. The findings show that despite the establishment of the network, patients diagnosed in expert hospitals were more likely to receive specialized treatment than those diagnosed in non-expert hospitals, and this disparity increased over time.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Michelle R. Baggerman, Ingeborg M. Dekker, Bjorn Winkens, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Sandra N. Stapel, Peter J. M. Weijs, Marcel C. G. van de Poll
Summary: This study investigated the association between visceral obesity, BMI and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients. The results showed no significant association between visceral obesity and BMI with 90-day mortality, although obesity and visceral obesity tended to be associated with improved 90-day mortality.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Soumia Majait, Emma C. E. Meessen, Frederic Maxime Vaz, E. Marleen Kemper, Samuel van Nierop, Steven W. Olde Damink, Frank G. Schaap, Johannes A. Romijn, Max Nieuwdorp, Aad Verrips, Filip Krag Knop, Maarten R. Soeters
Summary: This study examined the plasma profiles of bile acids, glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and FGF19 in CTX patients and healthy controls. The results showed that CTX patients had lower levels of bile acids and FGF19, abnormal postprandial glucose and insulin profiles, and elevated postprandial GLP-1 responses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Annet A. M. Duivenvoorden, Mathias Clarysse, Laurens J. Ceulemans, Robert H. Geelkerken, Joep P. M. Derikx, Jean-Paul P. M. de Vries, Hessel C. J. L. Buscher, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Frederik Jan van Schooten, Tim Lubbers, Kaatje Lenaerts
Summary: This study aims to validate a panel of plasma biomarkers and investigate volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles in exhaled air as a tool to timely and accurately diagnose Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia (AMI). 120 patients with clinical suspicion of AMI will be recruited, and their plasma levels and VOCs in exhaled air will be assessed. The diagnosis of AMI will be based on CT, endovascular and surgical reports, clinical findings, and verified by histopathological examination if applicable.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Janine Ziemons, Romy Aarnoutse, Anne Heuft, Lars Hillege, Janneke Waelen, Judith de Vos-Geelen, Liselot Valkenburg-van Iersel, Irene E. G. van Hellemond, Geert-Jan M. Creemers, Arnold Baars, Johanna H. M. J. Vestjens, John Penders, Koen Venema, Marjolein L. L. Smidt
Summary: This study investigated the effect of capecitabine treatment on fecal levels of SCFA and BCFA in colorectal cancer patients. The results showed a significant decrease in valerate and caproate levels during treatment, and a association between baseline iso-butyrate levels and tumor response. Nutritional status, physical performance, and chemotherapy-induced toxicity were not significantly associated with SCFA or BCFA.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Xinwei Chang, Remon Korenblik, Bram Olij, Robrecht R. M. M. Knapen, Christiaan van der Leij, Daniel Heise, Marcel den Dulk, Ulf P. Neumann, Frank G. Schaap, Ronald M. van Dam, Steven W. M. Olde Damink
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of cholestasis on portal vein embolization-induced hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR). In a pre-clinical setting, it was found that hepatocellular bile salt accumulation did not affect FLR hypertrophy induced by PVE.
LANGENBECKS ARCHIVES OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Pierre-Maxence Vaysse, Mari F. C. M. van den Hout, Sanne M. E. Engelen, Kristien B. M. I. Keymeulen, Marc H. A. Bemelmans, Ron M. A. Heeren, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, Tiffany Porta Siegel
Summary: Lipid profiling by REIMS can accurately discriminate and identify different soft tissue sarcomas from normal tissues, providing a potential asset to improve surgical resection of soft tissue sarcomas in the future.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)