期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
卷 18, 期 23, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312728
关键词
Barker hypothesis; transgenerational epigenetics; amino acid transporters; exosomes; short tRNA fragments
Embryo and fetal nutrition, as well as the environment in the reproductive tract, play a significant role in influencing the risk of developing adult diseases and disorders, primarily through epigenetic programming. Environmental challenges faced by the mother, such as a low-protein diet, can alter the genetic programming of embryos and fetuses, impacting the risk of adult diseases for multiple generations.
Embryo/fetal nutrition and the environment in the reproductive tract influence the subsequent risk of developing adult diseases and disorders, as formulated in the Barker hypothesis. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, heart disease, and hypertension in adulthood have all been linked to unwanted epigenetic programing in embryos and fetuses. Multiple studies support the conclusion that environmental challenges, such as a maternal low-protein diet, can change one-carbon amino acid metabolism and, thus, alter histone and DNA epigenetic modifications. Since histones influence gene expression and the program of embryo development, these epigenetic changes likely contribute to the risk of adult disease onset not just in the directly affected offspring, but for multiple generations to come. In this paper, we hypothesize that the effects of parental nutritional status on fetal epigenetic programming are transgenerational and warrant further investigation. Numerous studies supporting this hypothesis are reviewed, and potential research techniques to study these transgenerational epigenetic effects are offered.
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