Article
Fisheries
Chantelle E. Reid, Andrew Bissett, Christine Huynh, John P. Bowman, Richard S. Taylor
Summary: In intensive Atlantic salmon aquaculture, faecal score can serve as an indicator of gut microbiome diversity and composition, and can be used to detect dysbiosis. However, the utility of faecal scoring for assessing commercially farmed fish populations may be affected by rapid changes in digestive status following feeding.
Article
Fisheries
Valentin Thepot, Alexandra H. Campbell, Michael A. Rimmer, Martina Jelocnik, Colin Johnston, Brad Evans, Nicholas A. Paul
Summary: The addition of the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis and its extract to Atlantic salmon feed significantly enhanced fish growth rates, feed intake, and innate immune responses. On the other hand, the inclusion of the immunostimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli led to an increased innate immune response but had no significant effect on growth or feed intake. The seaweed and LPS supplements also modulated the expression of immune and stress-related genes in the fish's liver and head kidneys, showing potential as functional feed ingredients for enhancing the immune response and growth rate of Atlantic salmon.
Article
Ecology
Vesta Skrodenyte-Arbaciauskiene, Tomas Virbickas, Juliana Luksa, Elena Serviene, Laima Blazyte-Cereskiene, Vytautas Kesminas
Summary: The gut microbiota of wild Baltic salmon parr was found to differ from those of wild North- and East-Atlantic salmon parr, possibly due to biogeographical differences or host-selective pressures as a result of the Baltic salmon population splitting from the Atlantic salmon population in the Ancylian period.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alejandro Villasante, Carolina Ramirez, Hector Rodriguez, Patricio Dantagnan, Adrian Hernandez, Elias Figueroa, Jaime Romero
Summary: Atlantic salmon fed a carbohydrate-rich diet showed suboptimal growth performance and metabolic disturbances. The study aimed to investigate the effects of graded levels of digestible carbohydrates on the distal intestine digesta microbiota in Atlantic salmon. The results demonstrated that feeding a high digestible carbohydrate diet led to negative effects on growth parameters and liver health, including increased lipid vacuolization and expression of fatty acid synthase. The composition of distal intestine digesta microbiota also changed with the carbohydrate-rich diet. Furthermore, certain lactic acid bacteria were found to be negatively correlated with hepatic steatosis and other liver health indicators. The potential use of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics to improve liver health in carnivorous fish fed a fatty liver-induced diet deserves further investigation.
Article
Fisheries
Simon Baumgartner, Jack James, Amy Ellison
Summary: Aquaculture growth is hindered by challenges such as infectious diseases and inappropriate fish nutrition. Developing novel prevention strategies and managing fish microbial communities can improve fish health and nutrition, as well as serve as a defense against pathogens.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Ashild Krogdahl, Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri, Aleksei Krasnov, Violetta Aru, Elvis M. Chikwati, Gerd M. Berge, Soren Balling Engelsen, Trond M. Kortner
Summary: Functional feed ingredients are commonly used in feeds for Atlantic salmon to improve immune functions and reduce gut inflammation. However, their effectiveness is often uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of two packages of functional feed ingredients on inflammation models in salmon. The results showed that the inclusion of these ingredients did not significantly alleviate inflammation in salmon fed soybean meal, but they did alter the microbiota composition. The overall importance of this study is 9 out of 10.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Cecilie Sviland Walde, Marit Stormoen, Jostein Mulder Pettersen, David Persson, Magnus Vikan Rosaeg, Britt Bang Jensen
Summary: Infestations with salmon lice and the management of these lice pose significant challenges and costs in marine salmonid aquaculture. Treatment against salmon lice, particularly non-medicinal methods, can lead to stress and physical injuries in Atlantic salmon, resulting in reduced appetite and increased mortality. This study analyzed production data from Norwegian aquaculture companies to estimate the short-term growth loss of Atlantic salmon following different treatments for salmon lice removal. The results showed that non-medicinal treatments had a greater negative impact on growth compared to medicinal treatments, and the timing of treatment played a role in the treatment outcome.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Soren B. Hansen, Davide Bozzi, Sarah S. T. Mak, Cecilie G. Clausen, Tue K. Nielsen, Miyako Kodama, Lars H. Hansen, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Morten T. Limborg
Summary: Obtaining desired phenotypic traits in aquacultural production of Atlantic salmon is still a challenge, and the presence of host-associated microorganisms might contribute to this challenge. Understanding the factors that shape the microbiota is crucial for manipulating it towards desired host traits. In this study, DNA methylation differences associated with a tenacibaculosis outbreak and microbiota displacement in Atlantic salmon were investigated, revealing potential genes involved in host-microbiota interactions and the importance of considering epigenetic factors in manipulating farmed fish microbiota.
Article
Microbiology
Raminta Kazlauskaite, Bachar Cheaib, Joseph Humble, Chloe Heys, Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, Stephanie Connelly, William T. Sloan, Julie Russell, Laura Martinez-Rubio, John Sweetman, Alex Kitts, Philip McGinnity, Philip Lyons, Martin S. Llewellyn
Summary: This study reports the impact of a prebiotic (alpha-MOS supplementation) on microbial communities in the gut of Atlantic salmon. The results show that the prebiotic enhances volatile fatty acid production and leads to a significant shift in microbial community composition. The study also highlights the potential role of in vitro gut models in evaluating microbiome modulators.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana S. Gomes, Fabian Zimmermann, Ernst M. Hevroy, Marcus A. L. Soyland, Tom J. Hansen, Tom Ole Nilsen, Ivar Ronnestad
Summary: Precision feeding aims to provide optimal growth and performance for farmed animals while minimizing feed waste. This study examined the relationship between meals, feed deprivation time, and the feed consumed by Atlantic salmon post smolts. The results showed that the time between meals and the size of the previous meal significantly affected the feed intake in the following meal, suggesting the possibility of optimizing meal size.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Malene Fosse Nordvi, Signe Dille Lovmo, Ingeborg Hollekim Bringslid, Paul Whatmore, Henrik Sundh, Kjell Inge Reitan, Finn Lillelund Aachmann, Rolf Erik Olsen
Summary: Using functional feed ingredients, such as fucoidans from marine macroalgae, can enhance the intestinal health and immune regulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In this trial, Atlantic salmon post-smolts were fed diets with different levels of fucoidan to alleviate low-level intestinal inflammation caused by a soya diet. The addition of fucoidan improved intestinal integrity and reduced inflammation in the hind intestine of the fish.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
A. Leeper, D. Benhaim, B. O. Smarason, S. Knobloch, K. L. Omarsson, T. Bonnafoux, M. Pipan, W. Koppe, R. Bjornsdottir, M. Overland
Summary: The study examined the impact of differently processed black soldier fly (BSF) larvae diets on the growth performance, gut microbiome, and gut histology of Atlantic salmon. The results showed that the inclusion and processing methods of BSF had no adverse effects on growth performance or gut histology. However, the gut microbiome of the fish was significantly altered by the protein source and the processing method of the BSF larvae. BSF diets increased the diversity and evenness of the gut microbiome, but also led to dysbiosis. The study confirmed that BSF has potential as a fish meal replacement for salmon and has a prebiotic impact on their gut microbiome.
JOURNAL OF INSECTS AS FOOD AND FEED
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Lene Moltumyr, Jonatan Nilsson, Angelico Madaro, Tore Seternes, Fredrik Agerup Winger, Ivar Ronnestad, Lars Helge Stien
Summary: The repeated warm water treatments led to significantly increased prevalence and/ or severity of scale losses, snout wounds, various eye problems, and active fin injuries as well as a significantly reduced specific growth rate in Atlantic salmon. The fish displayed an immediate, strong behavioral reaction when exposed to warm water, which was likely the main cause of the detected injuries.
Article
Fisheries
Morten Omholt Alver, Martin Fore, Jo Arve Alfredsen
Summary: The research team developed a mathematical model based on the advection-diffusion equation to predict dissolved oxygen levels in fish sea cages. The model was tested in a large production unit and performed well, but may require more detailed information on fish behavior and current conditions within the cages to improve accuracy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan Brown, Lindsey Moore, Amir Mani, Sonal Patel, Irene Salinas
Summary: This study compared the skin and gill microbiome of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, finding that ploidy can impact the microbial composition of the gills but not the skin-associated microbiome. Diploid salmon infected with SAV3 showed greater histopathological signs of epitheliocystis compared to triploid fish. The results suggest that ploidy may play a role in Atlantic salmon gill health and provide insights into co-infection with SAV3 and C. Branchiomonas.
Article
Microbiology
Stephen Knobloch, Aurelien Daussin, Ragnar Johannsson, Viggo Marteinsson
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Microbiology
Stephen Knobloch, Ragnar Johannsson, Viggo Thor Marteinsson
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sigurlaug Skirnisdottir, Stephen Knobloch, Helene L. Lauzon, Adalheidur Olafsdottir, Pall Steinthorsson, Pauline Bergsten, Viggo Uor Marteinsson
Summary: Onboard chitosan treatment did not have a clear impact on the sensory characteristics, freshness period, or shelf life of loin products, but significantly reduced total viable counts and specific spoilage organisms compared to the untreated group. Additionally, chitosan treatment resulted in lower bacterial diversity in the treated groups, regardless of packaging method, indicating a potential role in inhibiting spoilage organisms.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephen Knobloch, Joris Philip, Sebastien Ferrari, David Benhaim, Martine Bertrand, Isabelle Poirier
Summary: This study examined the impact of ultrasound on farmed European sea bass and found that while growth and survival were not affected, ultrasound exposure led to disruption of gill and skin microbiota, including an increase in potential pathogenic bacteria. This highlights the need for further research on the long-term effects of ultrasonic antifouling control on the health and well-being of farmed fish.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
I Belghit, M. Varunjikar, M-C Lecrenier, A. Steinhilber, A. Niedzwiecka, Y. Wang, M. Dieu, D. Azzollini, K. Lie, E-J Lock, M. H. G. Berntssen, P. Renard, J. Zagon, O. Fumiere, J. J. A. van Loon, T. Larsen, O. Poetz, A. Braeuning, M. Palmblad, J. D. Rasinger
Summary: The study showed that various molecular analysis methods can detect prohibited bovine material in insects reared for processed animal protein production, but each method has its limitations. A combination of complementary molecular analysis approaches is recommended for accurate detection of prohibited material in the feed chain. Additional efforts are needed to expand the available battery of detection approaches with mass spectrometry techniques and potentially delta C-13(AA) fingerprinting.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Madhushri S. Varunjikar, Carlos Moreno-Ibarguen, Juan S. Andrade-Martinez, Hui-Shan Tung, Ikram Belghit, Magnus Palmblad, Pal A. Olsvik, Alejandro Reyes, Josef D. Rasinger, Kai K. Lie
Summary: The study shows that both DNA and protein-based approaches can efficiently tackle current challenges in feed and food authentication analyses.
Article
Microbiology
Pauline Bergsten, Pauline Vannier, Alexandra Maria Klonowski, Stephen Knobloch, Magnus Tumi Gudmundsson, Marie Dolores Jackson, Viggo Thor Marteinsson
Summary: 50 years after the formation of Surtsey Island, new insights into the diversity, distribution, and abundance of microorganisms in the subsurface have been revealed. Through 16S rRNA gene analysis, diverse and distinct microbial communities, including high abundance of thermophiles, have been identified in drill cores and borehole fluid samples.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Madhushri S. Varunjikar, Ikram Belghit, Jennifer Gjerde, Magnus Palmblad, Eystein Oveland, Josef D. Rasinger
Summary: Untargeted proteomics plays a significant role in the analysis of composition and authenticity of mixed food and feed products. In this study, a new analytical flow tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of insect meal. The results obtained from comparing the data with previous studies showed that the newly established method is effective in differentiating insect species and identifying novel markers for targeted MS analyses.
Article
Microbiology
Stephen Knobloch, Sigurlaug Skirnisdottir, Marianne Dubois, Laetitia Kolypczuk, Francoise Leroi, Alexandra Leeper, Delphine Passerini, Viggo P. Marteinsson
Summary: Beneficial bacteria have potential to improve the health and productivity of farmed fish, but their effects on Arctic char have not been well studied. This research examined the impact of 10 probiotic strains on the growth, behavior, and gut microbiome of Arctic char. The strains showed tolerance to gastric juice and fish bile acid, as well as high auto-aggregation activity. However, they did not significantly alter the core gut microbiome or colonize the gut after a 4-week treatment. Despite the lack of long-term colonization, the presence of these bacterial strains had either beneficial or detrimental effects on host growth and motility.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rob Marissen, Madhushri S. Varunjikar, Jeroen F. J. Laros, Josef D. Rasinger, Benjamin A. Neely, Magnus Palmblad
Summary: In this paper, the authors present an update to a method and software tool for species identification based on mass spectrometry data. The method has been widely used in various applications and now includes a new metric and graphical user interface.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
M. S. Varunjikar, T. Bohn, M. Sanden, I. Belghit, J. Pineda-Pampliega, M. Palmblad, H. Broll, A. Braeuning, J. D. Rasinger
Summary: The present study used HR-MS and proteomics bioinformatics to compare GM crops with crops from different farming practices. The results showed significant differences in nutritional and elemental composition between GM, non-GM conventionally farmed, and organic soybeans. Proteomic analysis revealed overall similarity but distinct protein expression clusters for GM and organic samples. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted affected biochemical pathways and identified protein and peptide markers for differentiating conventionally and organically farmed soybeans, as well as detecting GM soy in food and feed samples.
Article
Microbiology
Stephen Knobloch, Alexandra Maria Klonowski, Sigrun Tomasdottir, Bjarni Reyr Kristjansson, Sverrir Gudmundsson, Viggo Por Marteinsson
Summary: Groundwater is a vital resource for safe drinking water supply, but unconfined aquifers can be vulnerable to microbial contamination during extreme weather events. This study in South-West Iceland found that the microbial community in groundwater can change during surface runoff, highlighting the potential risk of contamination during such events.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Stephen Knobloch, Ragnar Johannsson, Viggo Marteinsson
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2019)