Article
Sport Sciences
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding, Tom Stewart, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during continuous exercise. It identifies exercise duration, dietary intake, and sex as the most influential factors on RER. The study also suggests that current models cannot fully explain the variability in RER and calls for further research on older subjects, females, and other factors that could explain additional variability.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kyunghwan Jung, Younglae Choi
Summary: Due to physical distancing measures implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, physical activity and exercise participation among older adults have decreased dramatically. However, it is important to ensure the sustainability of physical activity and exercise for older adults even in the face of unforeseen circumstances. This study used a large-scale dataset to identify influencing factors and develop strategies for sustainable older adult health, highlighting the use of ICT technologies as a useful tool during situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Lauren Rockliffe, Sarah Peters, Alexander E. P. Heazell, Debbie M. Smith
Summary: Pregnancy is a crucial period for women to make healthy lifestyle changes, but many struggle to do so. Research has identified various internal and external factors influencing women's health behaviors during pregnancy, including themes such as considering personal needs, adopting the role of a good mother, and going beyond the mother-baby relationship.
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2021)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Siru Liu, Thomas J. Reese, Kensaku Kawamoto, Guilherme Del Fiol, Charlene Weir
Summary: The study found that reducing effort expectancy, low controllability, and providing more infrastructure and implementation strategies are important factors in supporting effective clinical decision support. Passive CDS could be effective if users believe the CDS is useful and/or social expectations to use the CDS intervention exist.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Kevin J. Gries, Victoria S. Zysik, Tyler K. Jobe, Nicole Griffin, Benjamin P. Leeds, Jonathan W. Lowery
Summary: The endocrine-like function of skeletal muscle in regulating bone remodeling has attracted significant attention. Multiple factors, such as exercise, aging, and inactivity, can affect both bone and muscle systems. Recent evidence suggests that soluble factors released by skeletal muscle, known as myokines, play a crucial role in the communication between muscle and bone. Understanding this interaction may lead to therapeutic opportunities for improving muscle and bone health in aging individuals.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kira Scheerman, Amber Hendrica Cornelia Schoenmakers, Carel Gerardus Maria Meskers, Andrea Britta Maier
Summary: Better understanding of older patients' perspectives on barriers and enablers in physical activity promotion during hospitalization can help develop strategies to increase in-hospital physical activity. Physically dependent patients were more frequently encouraged by professionals to be physically active compared to independent patients, and focusing on physical barriers and motivational enablers for older patients may help increase their physical activity during hospitalization.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Farhud Shams, Andy M. Y. Tai, Jane Kim, Marisha Boyd, Maximilian Meyer, Alireza Kazemi, Reinhard Michael Krausz
Summary: This study reviewed e-health interventions for substance use disorders and found an overall adherence rate of about 60%. Guidance, blended treatment, and recruitment strategy were significant predictors of adherence, while treatment duration was not. Further research on predictors of adherence is needed to improve exposure to intervention content and develop more engaging interventions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mingxing Li, Hongzheng Sun, Fredrick Oteng Agyeman, Mohammad Heydari, Arif Jameel, Hira Salah ud din Khan
Summary: Through empirical analysis, the study identifies key factors affecting China's economic growth, including consumption levels, development of the tertiary industry, financial development, and industrialization. These factors have varying degrees of impact on promoting economic growth in China.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ahmed Abohassan, Karim El-Basyouny, Tae J. Kwon
Summary: Operating an effective winter road maintenance program is crucial for cities facing severe winter seasons. This study investigates the impact of weather variables and maintenance operations on pavement friction during snowstorms in urban areas. The calibrated model shows that total precipitation, extremely low temperatures, and the potential for black ice formation worsen pavement friction, while plowing operations, anti-icing chemicals, and frequent deicing operations improve it. This model can help predict road surface conditions during snowstorms and guide decision-making for authorities.
JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoying Tu, Yiling Yang, Yu Lin, Shiqun Ma
Summary: As a major maritime nation, the China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) is an objective reflection of the Chinese shipping market and an important indicator for understanding China's shipping industry globally. The shipping market is influenced by various factors, and to analyze and study its state, the CCFI and data on six factors were collected. Based on the analysis, it is evident that Deep Neural Network provides the best analytical and predictive performance for the CCFI, and Global: Aluminum has the greatest impact on it.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Simona Andreea Apostu, Valentina Vasile, Erika Marin, Elena Bunduchi
Summary: This article explores the push factors behind the migration of physicians from Romania and analyzes the impact of public policies on practicing doctors and graduates. The results indicate that specific measures alone are not sufficient to address the challenges faced by the healthcare sector; instead, systemic reforms are needed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiali Yu, Yiduo Huang, Zuo-Jun Shen
Summary: Population screening methods have played a crucial role in safely reopening the economy and preventing new outbreaks of COVID-19. Results show that PCR-based pooled screening is cost-effective at low prevalence but may not be effective at high prevalence rates. Additionally, antigen screening, despite the high cost and false positives, can reverse the epidemic with sufficient frequency.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jing Yang, Jin'en Wu, Yating Li, Yong'e Zhang, William C. Cho, Xianghong Ju, Evert M. van Schothorst, Yadong Zheng
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health, and various factors such as geographic location, age, diet, antibacterial drugs, psychological situation, and exercise can influence the balance of gut bacteria.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jing Xie, Min Bao, Xinyu Hu, Werner J. H. Koopman, Wilhelm T. S. Huck
Summary: Cells respond to mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix by adjusting their cytoskeleton and forming focal adhesions, which can lead to changes in ATP levels and activation of AMPK. This can affect cell spreading and tension, as well as influence stem cell fate in response to ECM mechanics. Lowered ATP levels on softer substrates limit cellular mechanoresponses.
Article
Economics
Yung-Ching Tseng, I-Fan Hsiao
Summary: This study analyzes the issue of household debt in China using the data from the 2015 China household finance survey and a quantile regression model. The findings suggest that household debt in China is significantly influenced by financial factors such as household assets and income, as well as socioeconomic factors like education, age, and working unit.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Stephanie D'Souza, Tom Stewart, Sarah Gerritsen, Andrew Gibbons, Scott Duncan
Summary: This study used data from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort to investigate the association between early childhood education and care (ECE) type and quantity and behavioral outcomes in children. The results showed that children in center-based care and those who spent more hours in ECE had better behavioral outcomes.
EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, David J. Bishop
Summary: Exercise training can increase mitochondrial content and respiration, but high-intensity exercise may be limited by mild acidosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of administering ammonium chloride before each exercise session on mitochondrial content and respiration in rats. The results showed that ammonium chloride administration reduced the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial respiration in the soleus muscle but did not alter mitochondrial content. These effects were not observed in the white gastrocnemius muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maryssa P. Pinto Dos Santos, Higor Spineli, Bruna P. Dos Santos, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Daniel L. G. Gitai, David J. Bishop, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different genotypes of ADORA2A and CYP1A2, alone or in combination, on the ergogenic effects of caffeine on physical performance in male adolescent athletes. The results showed that acute caffeine intake of 6 mg/kg improved aspects of physical performance independent of genotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Knut T. T. Schneiker, Jackson J. J. Fyfe, Shaun Y. M. Teo, David J. J. Bishop
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of contrast training (CST) and progressive resistance training (PRT) on strength and power-related measures in subelite Australian Rules Football players. The results showed that both CST and PRT significantly improved strength and power performance, with CST having a greater effect on vertical jump height and PRT increasing body mass. The study suggests that contrast training is an effective alternative to progressive resistance training in young, male, team-sport athletes, particularly those with a lower power-to-strength ratio, during relatively short-term (6-8 weeks) training periods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Shane F. O'Riordan, David J. Bishop, Shona L. Halson, James R. Broatch
Summary: Sports compression garments can alter peripheral blood flow, improving venous blood flow at rest, during and in recovery from a physiological challenge, while changes in arterial blood flow are only evident during a physiological challenge.
Article
Physiology
Claire Thomas, Remi Delfour-Peyrethon, Karen Lambert, Cesare Granata, Thomas Hobbs, Christine Hanon, David J. J. Bishop
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-exercise alkalosis, induced via ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, on changes to lactate/pH regulatory proteins and mitochondrial function induced by a sprint-interval exercise session in humans. The results showed that ingestion of sodium bicarbonate increased blood bicarbonate and pH levels after exercise, and led to increases in lactate/pH regulatory proteins. Additionally, mitochondrial respiration was found to decrease after 24 hours of recovery in the sodium bicarbonate condition.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James R. Broatch, Navabeh Zarekookandeh, Rebecca Glarin, Myrte Strik, Leigh A. Johnston, Bradford A. Moffat, Laura J. Bird, Kate Gunningham, Leonid Churilov, Hannah T. Johns, Christopher D. Askew, Itamar Levinger, Shane F. O'Riordan, David J. Bishop, Amy Brodtmann
Summary: This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults, hypothesizing that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will be more beneficial than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The study will be conducted through a two-group parallel randomized trial, and the results will be disseminated through various channels.
Review
Sport Sciences
Javier Botella, Christopher S. Shaw, David J. Bishop
Summary: This article examines the differences in autophagy gene expression profiles between human and mouse skeletal muscle and how they may explain the divergent exercise-induced autophagy responses. It also summarizes transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic datasets to identify potential targets for autophagy regulation following exercise in humans. Recommendations are provided for using ex vivo autophagy flux assays to further understand the impact of exercise on autophagy regulation in humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicholas J. Saner, Matthew J-C. Lee, Nathan W. Pitchford, James R. Broatch, Greg D. Roach, David J. Bishop, Jonathan D. Bartlett
Summary: Sleep loss negatively affects mood state and alertness, while exercise can have a positive impact on them. However, this study found that even though high-intensity interval exercise was performed during sleep restriction, it did not mitigate the negative effects on mood, well-being, and alertness. Further research is needed to determine if alternative exercise sessions or protocols can have more positive outcomes during sleep restriction.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andreas M. Fritzen, Andreas B. Jordy, Bente Kiens, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study aimed to assess the variation in fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise explained by skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport. The results showed associations between FATP1, FATP4, CD36, and FABPpm with fatty acid oxidation rates. These findings suggest the importance of skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport in regulating fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David J. Bishop, Nolan J. Hoffman, Dale F. Taylor, Nicholas J. Saner, Matthew J. -C. Lee, John A. Hawley
Summary: The ability of skeletal muscle to adapt to repeated contractile stimuli involves various molecular processes, including increased protein activity and/or expression. Recent studies challenge the common assumption of a direct relationship between changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome and proteome induced by repeated muscle contractions (e.g., exercise).
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Management
Javeed Ali, Michael Naylor, Lesley Ferkins, Tom Stewart
Summary: The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between perceived organisational support, motivation, and intention to continue in referees. The study found differences in motivation between early-career referees and seasoned referees, and perceived organisational support was found to moderate sport-related motivation. Furthermore, the results suggest that the effects of motivation, perceived organisational support, and intention to continue vary across different groups of referees.
MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
S. Eijwoudt, T. Andrews, S. A. McErlain-Naylor, T. Stewart, K. Spencer
Summary: Differences in workload exist between netball playing positions and competition levels, and this study compares the workloads of elite players during national and international competitions. The results show that internal workload is greater in national competitions, while PlayerLoad is greater in international competitions. There are also positional differences in workloads between the two competitions. Additionally, workloads are generally higher when playing against higher-ranked international opponents.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Joseph W. McGrath, Jonathon Neville, Tom Stewart, Matt Lamb, Peter Alway, Mark King, John Cronin
Summary: This study investigated the use of an IMU to measure ground reaction force during cricket fast bowling, with machine learning models showing the ability to estimate GRF from IMU data with some error. Categorizing values may help researchers explore the links among GRF, injury, and performance.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Tom Stewart, Andrew E. Kilding, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is nonergodicity in the relationship between daily carbohydrate intake and perceived recovery status. The results showed that carbohydrate intake did not influence recovery status for most individuals, but the influence of dietary carbohydrate intake on daily recovery differed at the group and individual level. Therefore, practical recommendations should be based on individual-level analysis.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)