Article
Infectious Diseases
Nathaniel S. Harshaw, Nicholas A. Stella, Kara M. Lehner, Eric G. Romanowski, Regis P. Kowalski, Robert M. Q. Shanks
Summary: The Rcs phosphorelay is a bacterial stress response system that influences multiple pathogenic phenotypes and drug tolerance. Different classes of antibiotics can activate the Rcs system to varying degrees, regardless of the susceptibility status of the bacterium.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeremy J. Hoffman, Reena Yadav, Sandip Das Sanyam, Pankaj Chaudhary, Abhishek Roshan, Sanjay K. Singh, Sailesh K. Mishra, Simon Arunga, Victor H. Hu, David Macleod, Astrid Leck, Matthew J. Burton
Summary: This study describes the health-seeking journey for patients with microbial keratitis in Nepal and identifies factors associated with delay.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sarah Atta, Chandrashan Perera, Regis P. Kowalski, Vishal Jhanji
Summary: Fungal keratitis (FK) is a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. This retrospective study reviewed FK cases at a medical center in Pennsylvania, USA, and found that the most common risk factors were contact lens use, recent ocular trauma/abrasion, and history of ocular surgery. The majority of cases were treated with topical and oral voriconazole, and surgical management was necessary in some cases.
Article
Ophthalmology
Hon Shing Ong, Namrata Sharma, Lynette M. Phee, Jodhbir S. Mehta
Summary: Atypical microbial keratitis refers to uncommon corneal infections caused by micro-organisms, and it is associated with worse outcomes and prognosis compared to infections caused by common bacteria. This is due to challenges in identifying the causative organisms and limited literature on effective management strategies. This review focuses on the management and evidence of atypical microbial keratitis, providing guidance for clinicians in managing these challenging corneal infections.
Article
Ophthalmology
Sisinthy Shivaji, Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha, Sama Kalyana Chakravarthy, Chinthala Reddy SaiAbhilash, Gumpili Sai Prashanthi, Savitri Sharma, Prashant Garg, Somasheila I. Murthy
Summary: This study characterized the microbial keratitis and conjunctival bacterial microbiomes to identify dysbiosis in bacterial keratitis patients, compared to healthy controls, showing an increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance. It provides new insights for further research in related diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Tomas E. Meijome, Rachel Wozniak, Linda Kang, Lyna Azzouz, Leslie M. Niziol, William L. Johnson, Matthias Kriegel, Maria A. Woodward
Summary: This study explored the use of slit lamp photography (SLP) images to objectively and quantitatively measure the severity of bacterial keratitis (BK) in mouse models. The results showed that the stromal infiltrate (SI) area in SLP images correlated positively with clinical severity grades and bacterial burden. This method may provide an objective, quantitative, and repeatable assessment of BK disease severity.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jency Roshni, Sheikh F. Ahmad, Abubakar Wani, Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed
Summary: This study aimed to identify multi-targeting Aloe vera-derived phytochemicals capable of inhibiting bacterial and host targets of contact lens-mediated microbial keratitis. The results showed that aloeresin-A exhibited strong binding energies and stable interactions with bacterial and host targets. The study of its reactivity also showed its potential. However, further research is needed for its potential integration into lens care solutions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liying Low, Pablo Fuentes-Utrilla, James Hodson, John D. O'Neil, Amanda E. Rossiter, Ghazala Begum, Kusy Suleiman, Philip Murray, Graham R. Wallace, Nicholas J. Loman, Saaeha Rauz
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of nanopore sequencing for diagnosing bacterial microbial keratitis directly from clinical samples. By optimizing sample collection methods and bioinformatics analysis, accurate bacterial taxa assignments were achieved. The results demonstrate a novel workflow for identifying bacterial microbial keratitis using full-length 16S nanopore sequencing.
Article
Ophthalmology
Pauline Khoo, Maria Cabrera-Aguas, Stephanie L. Watson
Summary: This study retrospectively reported the clinical profile and microbiology of patients with microbial keratitis post accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking. The results showed that post-CXL microbial keratitis was predominantly associated with gram-positive bacteria and in some cases delayed epithelial healing, leading to moderate to poor patient outcomes.
ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eric G. Romanowski, Nicholas A. Stella, John E. Romanowski, Kathleen A. Yates, Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, Anthony J. St Leger, Robert M. Q. Shanks
Summary: The study showed that GumB regulates the production of virulence factors through the Rcs system, and the overall stress response system is a key factor in a bacterium's ability to induce vision-threatening keratitis.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sabrina Mukhtar, Sarah Atta, Asad Durrani, Chandrashan Perera, Regis Kowalski, Vishal Jhanji
Summary: The degree of microbiological agreement between corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures in cases of contact lens-associated keratitis was investigated. The results showed that although there was disagreement in the microbiological yield, contact lens cultures were useful in managing patients and achieved similar outcomes to corneal scrapings.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Waleed K. K. Alsarhani, Clara C. C. Chan, Shelley R. R. Boyd, Maan Hasso, Ahmed Almeer, Darrell H. S. Tan
Summary: This study aimed to describe a case of monkeypox-associated disciform keratitis. The presence of monkeypox virus was confirmed through blood and skin lesion testing. Treatment involved oral medication and topical steroids. The patient's corneal issues were resolved with these interventions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammed Elsheikh, Ahmed Elsayed, Nicholas Bennett, Martin Connor
Summary: This report presents a rare case of severe corneal infection caused by Corynebacterium bovis on a background of viral keratitis, leading to corneal abscess formation and perforation.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Elena Koudouna, Marcela Huertas-Bello, Cristian Nicolas Rodriguez, Sandra Consuelo Henao, Myriam Lucia Navarrete, Marcel Yecid Avila
Summary: Genipin demonstrated bactericidal and fungicidal effects against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans in an ex vivo model, significantly reducing colony-forming units compared to saline treatment, suggesting its potential as a novel ophthalmic antimicrobial agent against microbial keratitis.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jessica Loo, Maria A. Woodward, Venkatesh Prajna, Matthias F. Kriegel, Mercy Pawar, Mariam Khan, Leslie M. Niziol, Sina Farsiu
Summary: Automatic image analysis for microbial keratitis showed similar accuracy to manual segmentation, with high correlations between measurements and visual acuity. The study highlights the potential for developing fully automatic strategies to aid ophthalmologists in clinical assessment.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Lubica Dudakova, Stephen Tuft, Sek-Shir Cheong, Pavlina Skalicka, Jana Jedlickova, Marek Fichtl, Martin Hlozanek, Ales Filous, Manuela Vaneckova, Andrea L. Vincent, Alison J. Hardcastle, Alice E. Davidson, Petra Liskova
Summary: The study identified nine pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and one variant of uncertain significance in the CHRDL1 gene, of which eight were novel. Some individuals with MGC1 showed ocular findings such as pigmentary glaucoma, unilateral posterior corneal vesicles, unilateral keratoconus, and unilateral Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis that were not previously associated with the condition. Additionally, some heterozygous female carriers of CHRDL1 pathogenic variants had reduced corneal thickness, indicating a possible mild phenotypic feature.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Petra Liskova, Nathaniel J. Hafford-Tear, Pavlina Skalicka, Frantisek Malinka, Jana Jedlickova, L'ubica Dud'akova, Nikolas Pontikos, Alice E. Davidson, Stephen Tuft
Summary: This study found no evidence that posterior corneal vesicles (PCVs) share the same genetic background as posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD). PCVs is a mild, non-progressive condition with no requirement for long-term review, although subsequent cataract surgery can lead to corneal edema.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Stephen Tuft, Catey Bunce, Surjo De, John Thomas
Summary: This study presents an alternative method to evaluate the test utility for suspected microbial keratitis. By comparing the positive results of culture and PCR, the potential contribution of different pathogens to the working diagnosis can be estimated.
Review
Ophthalmology
Rose Herbert, Mary Caddick, Tobi Somerville, Keri McLean, Shakeel Herwitker, Timothy Neal, Gabriela Czanner, Stephen Tuft, Stephen B. Kaye
Summary: Topical fluoroquinolones are effective in treating microbial keratitis, but there is concern about increased resistance in some bacterial pathogens. New generation fluoroquinolones show good activity against common ophthalmic pathogens, but further research is needed to determine their suitability for ophthalmic use.
BMJ OPEN OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Ophthalmology
Su-Yin Koay, Stephen Tuft
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephen Tuft, Jennifer Evans, Iris Gordon, Astrid Leck, Neil Stone, Timothy Neal, David Macleod, Stephen Kaye, Matthew J. Burton
Summary: This study aims to provide global and regional prevalence estimates of antimicrobial resistance in corneal isolates and their associated minimum inhibitory concentrations. The research will include studies on bacterial, fungal, or amoebic organisms isolated from suspected microbial keratitis, reporting data on resistance or minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials.This study is of great significance for the research of antimicrobial resistance in keratitis, providing guidance for clinical treatment.
Article
Ophthalmology
Stephen Tuft, Neil R. H. Stone, Matthew J. Burton, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Andrew M. Borman
Summary: This study reports the identification and susceptibility testing results of fungal isolates from the cornea or contact lens care systems. The results show that natamycin has good in vitro susceptibility for the treatment of fungal keratitis in the UK.
Letter
Ophthalmology
Su-Yin Koay, Amanda N. Sadan, Daniel M. Gore, Saurabh Goyal, Stephen Tuft
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY-JOURNAL CANADIEN D OPHTALMOLOGIE
(2021)