Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Umberto Celano, Hai Zhong, Florin Ciubotaru, Laurentiu Stoleriu, Alexander Stark, Peter Rickhaus, Felipe Favaro de Oliveira, Mathieu Munsch, Paola Favia, Maxim Korytov, Patricia Van Marcke, Patrick Maletinsky, Christoph Adelmann, Paul van der Heide
Summary: In this study, nonperturbative field distribution mapping in ultra-scaled magnetic nanowires with diameters down to 6 nm was achieved using scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry, enabling localized, minimally invasive magnetic imaging with sensitivity down to 3 μT Hz(-1/2). The imaging revealed the presence of weak magnetic inhomogeneities inside in-plane magnetized nanowires, largely undetectable with standard metrology. The strong magnetic field confinement in the nanowires allowed for the study of the interaction between the stray magnetic field and the nitrogen-vacancy sensor, clarifying the formation mechanisms for technologically relevant magnetic nanostructures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexander J. Healey, Sharidya Rahman, Sam C. Scholten, Islay O. Robertson, Gabriel J. Abrahams, Nikolai Dontschuk, Boqing Liu, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg, Yuerui Lu, Jean-Philippe Tetienne
Summary: This study utilized widefield nitrogen vacancy (NV) center magnetic imaging to measure the properties of individual flakes of CuCrP2S6, showing the behavior crossover between in-plane ferromagnetism in thin flakes and bulk behavior dominated by a low-field spin-flop transition. The presence of surface anisotropies in van der Waals magnets is attributed to the sample preparation process or exposure to the ambient environment.
Article
Physics, Applied
F. M. Stuerner, Y. Liu, P. -o. Colard, M. Markham, F. Jelezko
Summary: Conventional quantum sensing techniques based on NV centers in diamond rely on fluorescence intensity to detect electronic spin states, but this method is susceptible to various factors that can reduce precision. Therefore, we have proposed a new sensing method that utilizes the excited-state lifetimes of NV centers for magnetometry experiments to improve measurement accuracy.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jixing Zhang, Tianzheng Liu, Lixia Xu, Guodong Bian, Pengcheng Fan, Mingxin Li, Chang Xu, Heng Yuan
Summary: This article proposes a scheme for DC nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry that combines the advantages of lock-in detection and pulse-type schemes. The proposed pulsed lock-in scheme achieves smaller linewidth, higher contrast, and better sensitivity compared to the conventional continuous-wave lock-in scheme. Experimental results show an improvement by a factor of four in sensitivity and a factor of 60 in the minimum resolvable magnetic field compared to the conventional method.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Till Lenz, Arne Wickenbrock, Fedor Jelezko, Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian, Dmitry Budker
Summary: Single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are commonly used as nanoscale sensors for measuring magnetic and electric fields, strain, and temperature. A new technique has been developed to perform magnetometry without requiring an external bias field, potentially enabling applications in superconductors and nuclear magnetic resonance.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nathan J. McLaughlin, Hailong Wang, Mengqi Huang, Eric Lee-Wong, Lunhui Hu, Hanyi Lu, Gerald Q. Yan, Genda Gu, Congjun Wu, Yi-Zhuang You, Chunhui Rita Du
Summary: This study demonstrates nanoscale quantum sensing and imaging of magnetic flux on exfoliated FeTexSe1-x flakes using nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, revealing a strong correlation between superconductivity and ferromagnetism in FeTexSe1-x. The coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in this novel topological superconductor opens up new opportunities for exploring exotic spin and charge transport phenomena in quantum materials. The coupling shown between NV centers and FeTexSe1-x may also have potential applications in developing hybrid architectures for next-generation solid-state-based quantum information technologies.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sonia Sarkar, Alok Gokhale, Madhur Parashar, Kasturi Saha
Summary: Nitrogen vacancy (NV) center-based magnetometers have progressed from proof-of-concept demonstrations to tabletop and compact devices. However, the platform's electronics/test equipment form factor and requirements continue to be a significant barrier to low-cost solutions. To address this issue, a method based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been developed to detect optically detected magnetic resonance in an ensemble of NV centers without bulky and expensive bench-top equipment. This methodology achieves a sensitivity of 126 nT/root Hz and aims to make magnetometry more accessible and teachable even at the undergraduate level.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maxime Rollo, Aurore Finco, Rana Tanos, Florentin Fabre, Thibaut Devolder, Isabelle Robert-Philip, Vincent Jacques
Summary: The study investigates the acceleration of longitudinal spin relaxation in NV defects in the presence of magnetic noise with a spectral component at its electron spin resonance frequency. By applying calibrated and tunable magnetic noise on a single NV defect, it is demonstrated that an increase in the longitudinal spin relaxation rate leads to a reduction in the emitted photoluminescence signal under continuous optical illumination. This photoluminescence quenching mechanism presents a simple all-optical method for detecting magnetic noise sources at the nanoscale.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Hitoshi Ishiwata, Hiroshi C. Watanabe, Shinya Hanashima, Takayuki Iwasaki, Mutsuko Hatano
Summary: The study investigated nanoscale phase change detection of lipid bilayers using the NV center in diamond, confirming the thickness and proton density of the bilayer and the correlation between diffusion and temperature changes. Results showed that label-free measurements for translational diffusion and temperature changes are possible with nanoscale diamond magnetometry.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Senlei Li, Mengqi Huang, Hanyi Lu, Nathan J. McLaughlin, Yuxuan Xiao, Jingcheng Zhou, Eric E. Fullerton, Hua Chen, Hailong Wang, Chunhui Rita Du
Summary: Noncollinear antiferromagnets with unique magnetic orders, negligible net magnetization, and exotic spin characteristics show great potential for developing advanced spintronic applications. The main focus of current research is to explore, control, and utilize unconventional magnetic phases in these emergent material systems to achieve state-of-the-art functionalities for modern microelectronics. In this study, we directly image the magnetic domains of polycrystalline Mn3Sn films, a prototypical noncollinear antiferromagnet, using nitrogen-vacancy-based single-spin scanning microscopy. We systematically investigate the nanoscale evolution of local stray field patterns in Mn3Sn samples under external driving forces, revealing the characteristic heterogeneous magnetic switching behaviors in polycrystalline textured Mn3Sn films. Our findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the inhomogeneous magnetic orders in noncollinear antiferromagnets and highlight the potential of nitrogen-vacancy centers for studying microscopic spin properties in a wide range of emergent condensed matter systems.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Suvechhya Lamichhane, Kayleigh A. McElveen, Adam Erickson, Ilja Fescenko, Shuo Sun, Rupak Timalsina, Yinsheng Guo, Sy-Hwang Liou, Rebecca Y. Lai, Abdelghani Laraoui
Summary: [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) (Fe-triazole) spin crossover molecules exhibit thermal, electrical, and optical switching between high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states, making them promising for molecular spintronics. In this study, nitrogen vacancy (NV) based magnetometry is used to investigate the magnetic properties of the Fe-triazole LS state in nanoparticle clusters and individual nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy are employed to determine the size of the nanoparticles/nanorods and confirm their spin states. The results demonstrate the potential of NV quantum sensors for studying the magnetic properties of spin crossover molecules and molecular magnets.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gerald Q. Yan, Senlei Li, Hanyi Lu, Mengqi Huang, Yuxuan Xiao, Luke Wernert, Jeffrey A. Brock, Eric E. Fullerton, Hua Chen, Hailong Wang, Chunhui Rita Du
Summary: This paper reports on the nanoscale imaging of spin-orbit-torque-induced deterministic magnetic switching and chiral spin rotation in non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn films using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. Direct evidence of the off-resonance dipole-dipole coupling between the spin dynamics in Mn3Sn and proximate NV centers is also demonstrated by NV relaxometry measurements.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nathan J. McLaughlin, Chaowei Hu, Mengqi Huang, Shu Zhang, Hanyi Lu, Gerald Q. Yan, Hailong Wang, Yaroslav Tserkovnyak, Ni Ni, Chunhui Rita Du
Summary: This study uses nanoscale quantum imaging of magnetic phase transitions and spin fluctuations in exfoliated MnBi4Te7 flakes with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The results reveal the spin transport physics and magnetic domains at the nanoscale, highlighting the unique advantage of NV centers in exploring the magnetic properties of emergent quantum materials.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Zuzanna Orzechowska, Mariusz Mrozek, Adam Filipkowski, Dariusz Pysz, Ryszard Stepien, Mateusz Ficek, Adam M. Wojciechowski, Mariusz Klimczak, Robert Bogdanowicz, Wojciech Gawlik
Summary: The study presents the results of a hybrid material composed of tellurite glass rods and submicron diamonds, which shows potential for fiber-based magnetic and temperature measurements with good performance. The material also has the potential for further processing into photonic components.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fang Xu, Yan Shen, Lufeng Ding, Chao-Yu Yang, Heng Tan, Hao Wang, Qingyuan Zhu, Rui Xu, Fengyi Wu, Yanyang Xiao, Cheng Xu, Qianwei Li, Peng Su, Li I. Zhang, Hong-Wei Dong, Robert Desimone, Fuqiang Xu, Xintian Hu, Pak-Ming Lau, Guo-Qiang Bi
Summary: This study introduces a new method combining primate-optimized tissue sectioning and clearing with high-speed fluorescence microscopy to achieve high-resolution imaging of the entire rhesus monkey brain. Researchers have also developed an efficient method for tracing sparse axonal fibers in large datasets, enabling connectome-scale mapping of large primate brains.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengqi Wang, Haoyu Sun, Xiangyu Ye, Pei Yu, Hangyu Liu, Jingwei Zhou, Pengfei Wang, Fazhan Shi, Ya Wang, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: This research introduces a facile self-aligned patterning technique for efficient and consistent fabrication of diamond nanopillar sensor arrays with near-optimal photon counts. The technique demonstrates high yield and efficiency, achieving saturated fluorescence rate and effective fluorescence-dependent detection sensitivity.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tianyu Xie, Zhiyuan Zhao, Shaoyi Xu, Xi Kong, Zhiping Yang, Mengqi Wang, Ya Wang, Fazhan Shi, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: We experimentally demonstrate a 99.920(7)% fidelity controlled-NOT gate in a solid-state spin system at room temperature by suppressing complicated noise. Previous works limited the fidelity at 99% by considering only static classical noise, whereas our complete noise model considers time dependence and the quantum nature of the spin bath. All noises are dynamically corrected by an exquisitely designed shaped pulse, resulting in an error below 10-4. Our noise-resistant method is universal and can benefit other solid-state spin systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Zhi Cheng, Xiangyu Ye, Jiandong Wu, Pei Yu, Cheng-Jie Wang, Mengqi Wang, Changkui Duan, Ya Wang, Fazhan Shi, Changlin Tian, Hongwei Chen, Pengfei Wang, Jiangfen Du
Summary: Nanoscale sensing and imaging of electromagnetic field can be achieved by utilizing the forbidden magnetic dipole transition of a single shallow nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The detection of rf electric fields at frequencies ranging from 13.85 MHz to 2.02 GHz is successfully demonstrated, with a sensitivity of 265 V cm-1 Hz-1/2 for amplitude measurement and a standard deviation of 0.2 degrees for phase measurement. The potential applications of such nanoscale sensor in science and technology are discussed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhe Ding, Yumeng Sun, Ningchong Zheng, Xingyue Ma, Mengqi Wang, Yipeng Zang, Pei Yu, Zhousheng Chen, Pengfei Wang, Ya Wang, Yurong Yang, Yuefeng Nie, Fazhan Shi, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: A freestanding BiFeO3 film was mechanically stretched on an organic substrate to apply in situ uniaxial tensile strain, and the nanoscale magnetic order was imaging using scanning nitrogen-vacancy microscopy. The spin cycloid was found to tilt by about 12.6 degrees under 1.5% strain, which was energetically favorable according to first principle calculations. This combination of in situ strain application and scanning NV microscope imaging provides a new way to study the coupling between magnetic order and strain in BiFeO3 films.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nanyang Xu, Feifei Zhou, Xiangyu Ye, Xue Lin, Bao Chen, Ting Zhang, Feng Yue, Bing Chen, Ya Wang, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: In diamond-based nanoscale sensing applications, noise-induced control imperfection is a significant problem. This study introduces a deep learning approach to predict the trend of noise and compensate for the delay, aiming to improve the sensing performance. Experimental results show that this approach effectively enhances the decoherence time of the electron spin and can be extended to other quantum systems.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sanyou Chen, Ziting Sun, Wanhe Li, Pei Yu, Qian Shi, Fei Kong, Qi Zhang, Pengfei Wang, Ya Wang, Jiangfeng Du, Fazhan Shi
Summary: Using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as quantum sensors, a digital magnetic detection of biomolecular interactions with single magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is achieved. A single-particle magnetic imaging method is developed, allowing for accurate quantification and differentiation of biotin-streptavidin interactions and DNA-DNA interactions with a single-base mismatch. A digital immunomagnetic assay is also developed for the examination of SARS-CoV2-related antibodies and nucleic acids. The magnetic separation process improves detection sensitivity and specificity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiyuan Zhao, Xiangyu Ye, Shaoyi Xu, Pei Yu, Zhiping Yang, Xi Kong, Ya Wang, Tianyu Xie, Fazhan Shi, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: This study achieves nanoscale sensitivity for detecting microscopic magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond, with enhanced sensitivity through the integration of multiple quantum techniques. The findings have implications in various fields, including exploring new physics, studying magnetic phenomena in condensed matters, and monitoring sub-cellular life activities.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Mingcheng Cai, Zhongzhi Guo, Chunxing Li, Simin Li, Fazhan Shi, Mengqi Wang, Hui Li, Pengfei Wang, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: This work presents a parallel optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) platform for single NV centers. It enables the measurement of magnetic resonance spectrum, Rabi oscillation, and spin echo of each NV center spot in parallel. The preliminary speedup achieved is approximately 20-fold compared to confocal-based ODMR and has the potential to be further extended to thousands of folds with updated equipment.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yijin Xie, Caijin Xie, Yunbin Zhu, Ke Jing, Yu Tong, Qin Xi, Haosen Guan, Chang-Kui Duan, Ya Wang, Xing Rong
Summary: High-sensitivity magnetometry is crucial for biomagnetism and geomagnetism. However, the sensitivity improvement for dc and low-frequency signal detection is challenging due to the presence of low-frequency noise from various sources. In this study, we utilized a flux concentration and modulation technique to convert dc magnetic signals to ac, allowing for the application of dynamical decoupling to prolong the dephasing time. As a result, we achieved a sensitivity of 32 pT/Hz(1/2) in a dc magnetometer, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Ramsey-type dc magnetometer. Although further enhancement of sensitivity is challenging, there is still considerable room for improvement. Our findings provide insight into the future realization of room temperature dc quantum magnetometry with femtotesla sensitivity.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Hang-Yu Liu, Wen-Zhao Liu, Meng-Qi Wang, Xiang-Yu Ye, Pei Yu, Hao-Yu Sun, Zhi-Xian Liu, Zhao-Xin Liu, Jing-Wei Zhou, Peng-Fei Wang, Fa-Zhan Shi, Ya Wang
Summary: A nanoscale vector magnetometer is achieved by integrating a microfabricated diamond probe with a nanopillar on top of a single-mode optical fiber. The concentrated nitrogen vacancies at the center of nanopillars using self-aligned patterning techniques maximize the efficiency. With a sensitivity of 11.27 μT/Hz$\sqrt {{\mathrm{Hz}}} $, the fiber-coupled diamond magnetometer demonstrates a spatial resolution of 100 nm for DC magnetic field sensing. The deterministic oriented diamond nanopillars provided by the probe simplify vector magnetometry.
ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Zhousheng Chen, Zhe Ding, Mengqi Wang, Pei Yu, Kai Yang, Yumeng Sun, Pengfei Wang, Ya Wang, Fazhan Shi, Xinhe Bao, Jiangfeng Du
Summary: A design of a scanning probe microscope based on a nitrogen-vacancy center is presented, which can operate under various experimental conditions. The reliability of the instrument is demonstrated by showcasing temperature control performance and presenting images of different materials. This study proposes a method and design that extends the potential applications of this microscope in nanomagnetism and spintronics.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)