Combined Theoretical and in Situ Scattering Strategies for Optimized Discovery and Recovery of High-Pressure Phases: A Case Study of the GaN-Nb2O5 System

The application of pressure in solid-state synthesis provides a route for the creation of new and exciting materials. However, the onerous nature of high-pressure techniques limits their utility in materials discovery. The systematic search for novel oxynitrides-semiconductors for photocatalytic overall water splitting-is a representative case where quench high-pressure synthesis is useful and necessary in order to obtain target compounds. We utilize state of the art crystal structure prediction theory (USPEX) and in situ synchrotron-based X-ray scattering to speed up the discovery and optimization of novel compounds using high-pressure synthesis. Using this approach, two novel oxynitride phases were discovered in the GaN-Nb2O5 system. The (Nb2O5)(0.84):(NbO2)(0.32):(GaN)(0.82) rutile structured phase was formed at 1 GPa and 900 degrees C and gradually transformed to a alpha-PbO2-related structure above 2.8 GPa and 1000 degrees C. The low-pressure rutile type phase was found to have a direct optical band gap of 0.84 eV and an indirect gap of 0.51 eV.