Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viviane Fongaro Botosso, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Renato Mancini Astray, Ana Marcia de Sa Guimaraes, Monica Beatriz Mathor, Patricia dos Santos de Carneiro, Edison Luiz Durigon, Dimas Covas, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Ricardo das Neves Oliveira, Durvanei Augusto Maria, Silas Fernandes Eto, Neuza Maria Frazatti Gallina, Giselle Pidde, Carla Cristina Squaiella-Baptistao, Dilza Trevisan Silva, Isadora Maria Villas-Boas, Dayanne Carla Fernandes, Aline Vivian Vatti Auada, Alexandre Campos Banari, Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho, Camila Bianconi, Carla Lilian de Agostini Utescher, Denise Cristina Andre Oliveira, Douglas Oscar Ceolin Mariano, Flavia Ferreira Barbosa, Giuliana Rondon, Josana Kapronezai, Juliana Galvao da Silva, Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder, Priscila Comone, Regis Edgar Castilho Junior, Taiana Taina Silva Pereira, Fan Hui Wen, Denise Tambourgi, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
Summary: The new outbreak of COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Efforts are being made to find effective treatments, such as using immunoglobulin from immunized animals or plasma from convalescent patients. Clinical trials using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins from horses immunized with spike protein are underway. Researchers have developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F(ab ')(2) immunoglobulin that successfully neutralizes the virus, is safe in animal models, and reduces the severity of the disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ioannis Sarrigeorgiou, Dimitra Moschandreou, Alexios Dimitriadis, Gerasimina Tsinti, Evangelia Sotiropoulou, Eleni Ntoukaki, Petros Eliadis, Marija Backovic, Stavroula Labropoulou, Nicolas Escriou, Abraham Pouliakis, Georgia Giannopoulou, Eleni Gaitanarou, Konstantinos Lazaridis, Andreas Mentis, Avgi Mamalaki, Elisavet Grouzi, Peggy Lymberi
Summary: This study evaluated the humoral response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Greek healthcare workers and found that the peak immune response occurred 21 days after the second dose, with declining but persistent antibody levels detected 9 months after vaccination. A booster dose increased antibody levels, although the levels were lower compared to the peak levels after the second dose. Factors such as age and chronic diseases may affect antibody levels. Vaccination provides effective antiviral protection against COVID-19, but booster doses are recommended for vulnerable individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Manuel Carreno, Damodara Rao Mendu, Viviana Simon, Masood A. Shariff, Gagandeep Singh, Vidya Menon, Florian Krammer
Summary: This study analyzed the antibody responses of healthcare workers using different serological tests, finding a good correlation between RBD and spike-based assays. Antibody levels in HCWs declined over time, while the seroprevalence of NP-reactive antibodies significantly decreased.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Malathi Murugesan, Prasad Mathews, Hema Paul, Rajiv Karthik, Joy John Mammen, Priscilla Rupali
Summary: In a cohort of healthcare workers in South India, prior COVID-19 infection provided substantial protection against symptomatic re-infection and severe disease during the second wave driven mainly by the delta variant. Vaccination combined with prior infection provided even higher protection.
Article
Immunology
Janeri Froberg, Vera J. C. H. Koomen, Christa E. van der Gaast-de Jongh, Ria Philipsen, Corine H. Geurtsvankessel, Rory D. de Vries, Marije C. Baas, Renate G. van der Molen, Marien de Jonge, Luuk B. Hilbrands, Martijn A. Huynen, Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos, RECOVAC Consortium
Summary: This study found that mucosal IgA concentrations were significantly higher postinfection compared to postvaccination, while vaccination induced higher IgG concentrations. However, the ACE2-inhibiting activity did not differ between the two cohorts. Binding inhibition post-infection was driven by both IgA and IgG, while post-vaccination binding inhibition was mainly driven by IgG.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Xinhua Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Andrew S. Azman, Ruijia Sun, Wanying Lu, Nan Zheng, Jiaxin Zhou, Qianhui Wu, Xiaowei Deng, Zeyao Zhao, Xinghui Chen, Shijia Ge, Juan Yang, Daniel T. Leung, Hongjie Yu
Summary: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a threat to immunity, with varying reductions in neutralizing antibody titers. Vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies that can effectively neutralize the newer variants, but with significant reductions in neutralizing titers.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marianne Graninger, Jeremy V. Camp, Stephan W. Aberle, Marianna T. Traugott, Wolfgang Hoepler, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stoeckl, Lukas Weseslindtner, Alexander Zoufaly, Judith H. Aberle, Karin Stiasny
Summary: This study analyzed neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in individuals recovered from infection in 2020 and vaccinees. The results showed that non-hospitalized patients had the lowest neutralization titers, while hospitalized patients had similar or higher titers compared to vaccinated individuals. Neutralizing activity declined significantly after six months and mutations in the infecting strain's spike protein affected neutralization.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurelien Sokal, Pascal Chappert, Giovanna Barba-Spaeth, Anais Roeser, Slim Fourati, Imane Azzaoui, Alexis Vandenberghe, Ignacio Fernandez, Annalisa Meola, Magali Bouvier-Alias, Etienne Crickx, Asma Beldi-Ferchiou, Sophie Hue, Laetitia Languille, Marc Michel, Samia Baloul, France Noizat-Pirenne, Marine Luka, Jerome Megret, Mickael Menager, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Simon Fillatreau, Felix A. Rey, Jean-Claude Weill, Claude-Agnes Reynaud, Matthieu Mahevas
Summary: Memory B cells play a crucial role in host defense against SARS-CoV-2, with distinct B cell clone responses to the virus contributing to long-lasting immune protection. The study also highlights the significance of somatic mutations in the variable region genes of memory B cells over time, indicating continued maturation and long-term immune memory post-infection.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Venkata Viswanadh Edara, William H. Hudson, Xuping Xie, Rafi Ahmed, Mehul S. Suthar
Summary: This study investigates the neutralizing antibody response to 4 SARS-CoV-2 variants in individuals who have been infected or vaccinated.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie A. Richard, Simon D. Pollett, Anthony C. Fries, Catherine M. Berjohn, Ryan C. Maves, Tahaniyat Lalani, Alfred G. Smith, Rupal M. Mody, Anuradha Ganesan, Rhonda E. Colombo, David A. Lindholm, Michael J. Morris, Nikhil Huprikar, Christopher J. Colombo, Cristian Madar, Milissa Jones, Derek T. Larson, Samantha E. Bazan, Katrin Mende, David Saunders, Jeffrey Livezey, Charlotte A. Lanteri, Ann I. Scher, Celia Byrne, Jennifer Rusiecki, Evan Ewers, Nusrat J. Epsi, Julia S. Rozman, Caroline English, Mark P. Simons, David R. Tribble, Brian K. Agan, Timothy H. Burgess
Summary: Understanding the factors associated with post-COVID conditions is crucial for prevention. A cohort study found that younger age, unvaccinated status, severe initial illness, and comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of persistent post-COVID symptoms. Patients with COVID-19 were also more likely to seek medical care for diabetes, pulmonary, neurological, and mental health-related issues for at least 6 months after symptom onset. These findings can inform COVID-19 vaccination policies.
Article
Immunology
M. Bondareva, P. Letz, K. Karberg, E. Schrezenmeier, I Semin, H. Rincon-Arevalo, T. Doerner, M. F. Mashreghi, A-L Stefanski, A. A. Kruglov
Summary: Systemic vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces high levels of specific antibodies in the blood and oral cavity. However, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and undergoing B cell depletion treatment have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 manifestation and breakthrough infections. This study found that the levels of secreted antibodies in the oral cavity were correlated with B cell numbers in the blood. Importantly, a third dose vaccination efficiently induced anti-Spike antibody responses in the saliva of RA patients, similar to healthy individuals.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Erin C. Williams, Alexander Kizhner, Valerie S. Stark, Aria Nawab, Daniel D. Muniz, Felipe Echeverri Tribin, Juan Manuel Carreno, Dominika Bielak, Gagandeep Singh, Michael E. Hoffer, Florian Krammer, Suresh Pallikkuth, Savita Pahwa
Summary: This study used LASSO and linear mixed effects models to evaluate the influence of pre-existing immunity, demographic factors, and vaccine reactogenicity on antibody responses to COVID vaccination. The results showed that previously infected individuals had more durable and robust antibodies after vaccination compared to natural infection alone. Experiencing symptoms during natural infection and post-vaccine were predictive of higher antibody levels. The findings suggest that vaccination in COVID+ individuals can lead to a more robust immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Momsen Reincke, Meng Yuan, Hans-Christian Kornau, Victor M. Corman, Scott van Hoof, Elisa Sanchez-Sendin, Melanie Ramberger, Wenli Yu, Yuanzi Hua, Henry Tien, Marie Luisa Schmidt, Tatjana Schwarz, Lara Maria Jeworowski, Sarah E. Brandl, Helle Foverskov Rasmussen, Marie A. Homeyer, Laura Stoffler, Martin Barner, Desiree Kunkel, Shufan Huo, Johannes Horler, Niels von Wardenburg, Inge Kroidl, Tabea M. Eser, Andreas Wieser, Christof Geldmacher, Michael Hoelscher, Hannes Ganzer, Gunter Weiss, Dietmar Schmitz, Christian Drosten, Harald Pruss, Ian A. Wilson, Jakob Kreye
Summary: The Beta variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 shows resistance to neutralization by antibodies from COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Researchers have identified specific antibodies in serum from Beta-infected patients that are able to cross-react with the wild type virus. This finding provides insights into the antibody response to antigenic drift and has implications for the development of future vaccines and therapeutics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Nicolai, Flaminia Tomassetti, Martina Pelagalli, Serena Sarubbi, Marilena Minieri, Alberto Nisini, Marzia Nuccetelli, Marco Ciotti, Massimo Pieri, Sergio Bernardini
Summary: This study evaluated the level of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who received a three-vaccination series and found that after six months, the antibody titer significantly increased. Participants who received three vaccine doses had an antibody level of over 1000 BAU/mL five months after the third dose, indicating a low risk of infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sabina Zurac, Cristian Vladan, Octavian Dinca, Carolina Constantin, Monica Neagu
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the waning of immune response after vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, particularly healthcare workers. The research found that the humoral response, measured by specific IgG and IgA antibodies, decreased 2.4 times for IgG and 2.7 times for IgA after 8 months post-vaccination. However, no documented infections were observed in the group. After the booster shot, the levels of IgG increased immediately, followed by an increase in specific IgA.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)