Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Faranak Farzan, Marta Bortoletto
Summary: The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a valuable tool for studying functional neural mechanisms. TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) can provide insights into cortical excitability and connectivity that are not easily attainable with other techniques. However, due to unwanted effects of TMS, the interpretation of TEPs has been controversial. This paper reviews the current understanding of TEPs, including their definition, verification, and potential origins.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yoshihiro Noda, Mera S. Barr, Reza Zomorrodi, Robin F. H. Cash, Pantelis Lioumis, Robert Chen, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Daniel M. Blumberger
Summary: This study utilized TMS-EEG to investigate cortical responses to brain stimulation in different populations, revealing changes in TEP amplitudes and latencies in older participants and patients with schizophrenia. These findings are important for understanding the neurophysiological changes in the brains of older individuals and schizophrenia patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Vishal Rawji, Isabella Kaczmarczyk, Lorenzo Rocchi, Po-Yu Fong, John C. Rothwell, Nikhil Sharma
Summary: This study used different preconditioning stimulus intensities for M1 paired-pulse TMS and found that TEP peaks were predominantly reduced under the 70% preconditioning stimulus protocol, with less reduction under 80% and no reduction under 90%. There was a significant negative correlation between MEPs and N45 TEP peak for the 70% preconditioning stimulus protocol, reaching statistical trends for 80% and 90% as well.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Recep A. Ozdemir, Pierre Boucher, Peter J. Fried, Davide Momi, Ali Jannati, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Mouhsin M. Shafi
Summary: Recent research has shown significant variability in responses to TBS protocols, challenging the assumed reliability and lasting effects on cortical excitability. While TMS combined with EEG revealed stable responses to single pulse TMS across visits, the modulatory effects of TBS varied substantially both between and within individuals. The generally accepted mechanisms of TBS-induced neuromodulation through cortical excitability changes may not be accurate, highlighting the need for further research to understand the therapeutic effects of TBS in neuropsychiatry and examine the reproducibility of TBS-induced neuromodulation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ioannis Vlachos, Marietta Tzirini, Evangelia Chatzikyriakou, Ioannis Markakis, Maria Anastasia Rouni, Theodoros Samaras, Yiftach Roth, Abraham Zangen, Alexander Rotenberg, Dimitris Kugiumtzis, Vasilios K. Kimiskidis
Summary: The study investigates the relation between induced electric fields (E-fields) and the brain's response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The results show significant correlations between the characteristics of the induced E-field and the intensity of brain activity. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between E-field and cortical activation and support the use of personalized approaches in non-invasive brain stimulation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Josko Soda, Sanda Pavelin, Igor Vujovic, Maja Rogic Vidakovic
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique used for evaluating the corticospinal tract and primary motor cortices. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are important in TMS studies. This review focuses on the assessment and outcome measures of MEPs using different TMS system implementations (TMS without navigation, line-navigated TMS, and e-field-navigated TMS) to map corticospinal tract integrity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The use of e-field TMS assessment is suggested to improve the accuracy of corticospinal tract integrity testing by providing a more objective correspondence with clinical classifications.
Article
Neurosciences
Sasha D'Ambrosio, Diego Jimenez-Jimenez, Katri Silvennoinen, Sara Zagaglia, Marco Perulli, Josephine Poole, Renzo Comolatti, Matteo Fecchio, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Simona Balestrini
Summary: TMS-EEG can be used to study cortical excitability and structure-function association in the brain. The research found that contralateral homologous cortical areas share similar spectral features, while ipsilateral areas have differences in their waveform and frequency content. These findings are important for understanding brain symmetry and asymmetric brain disorders.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yufei Song, Pedro C. Gordon, Johanna Metsomaa, Maryam Rostami, Paolo Belardinelli, Ulf Ziemann
Summary: This study successfully reveals the EEG responses to direct cortical activation by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) through optimized sham procedures and explores the impact of peripheral sensory inputs on the reliability of TMS-EEG responses.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Inbal Maidan, Noa Zifman, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Nir Giladi, Ofri Levy-Lamdan, Anat Mirelman
Summary: The study investigated specific changes in electrical brain activity in response to stimulation of four brain areas in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) assessment. Patients with PD showed lower waveform adherence, lower early phase deflection, lower inter-trial adherence, and lower connectivity between homologous brain areas compared to healthy controls. The findings suggest various alterations in neurophysiological measures in PD patients, indicating different aspects related to the pathophysiology of the disease.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maryam Rostami, Reza Zomorrodi, Reza Rostami, Gholam-Ali Hosseinzadeh
Summary: This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the literature on how different parameters of TMS and EEG modulate the amplitudes of TEPs. The study highlights the importance of controlling critical parameters in recording and analyzing TMS-EEG data and provides a reliable method for measuring TEPs.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Michaela Herzog, Josef Sucec, Valentina Jelincic, Ilse Van Diest, Omer Van den Bergh, Pei-Ying S. Chan, Paul Davenport, Andreas von Leupoldt
Summary: The study demonstrated that the RREP components Nf, P1, N1, P2, and P3 show adequate reliability in test-retest studies, both with or without induced dyspnea. Nf and P1 showed moderate reliability, while N1, P2, and P3 showed good to excellent reliability in both conditions.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Johannes Rodrigues, Martin Weiss, Johannes Hewig, John J. B. Allen
Summary: This article discusses the importance of standardization in psychological science and neuroscience, as well as the development of an automated processing pipeline to address subjectivity issues. The scripts for ERP and frequency-domain analyses are introduced and compared with existing methods.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Estelle Nakul, Fabrice Bartolomei, Christophe Lopez
Summary: This article reviews studies on vestibular evoked potentials (EPs) using various methods of vestibular stimulation, revealing the spatiotemporal dynamics of vestibular information processing. Results show short, middle, and late latency EPs, with generator analysis providing new insights into the neuroimaging of the vestibular system.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jiahao Zhang, Haifeng Lu, Lin Zhu, Huixia Ren, Ge Dang, Xiaolin Su, Xiaoyong Lan, Xin Jiang, Xu Zhang, Jiansong Feng, Xue Shi, Taihong Wang, Xiping Hu, Yi Guo
Summary: This study explored the spatiotemporal features of TMS Evoked Potentials (TEPs) to classify Cognitive Impairment (CI) from healthy controls (HC). Results showed significant differences in TEPs between CI and HC, with features like LMFP, AVG, latency, and amplitude contributing most to classification. Machine learning based on TEPs has the potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers for CI diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lorenzo Rocchi, Alessandro Di Santo, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Elias Casula, Vishal Rawji, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giacomo Koch, John Rothwell
Summary: The study aims to measure the separate contributions of auditory and somatosensory stimulation caused by TMS, and assess their impact on the TEP waveform during motor cortex stimulation.
Auditory stimulation induces known responses in electrodes around the vertex, which can be suppressed by appropriate noise masking. Stimulation of the scalp alone generates nonspecific responses in central electrodes.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Giovanni de Girolamo, Laura Iozzino, Clarissa Ferrari, Pawel Gosek, Janusz Heitzman, Hans Joachim Salize, Johannes Wancata, Marco Picchioni, Ambra Macis
Summary: This multicentre study examined and compared the characteristics of forensic psychiatric patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a history of interpersonal violence to patients with the same diagnosis but no lifetime history of violence. The study found that forensic patients were more likely to have comorbid antisocial personality disorder and have experienced severe violence in childhood. Education and social functioning were found to be protective factors against future violence.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
R. Oberndorfer, R. W. Alexandrowicz, A. Unger, M. Koch, I Markiewicz, P. Gosek, J. Heitzman, L. Iozzino, C. Ferrari, H-J Salize, M. Picchioni, H. Fangerau, T. Stompe, J. Wancata, G. de Girolamo
Summary: This study compared the frequency of needs of patients with schizophrenia in forensic services across five European countries. The results showed differences in the assessments of needs between patients and their care staff, with staff reporting more total needs and patients reporting more unmet needs. The findings suggest that patients' self-assessments of needs provide important information for providing sufficient help and support.
SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Magda V. Yepes Martinez, Roberta Rossi, Miriam Ciani, Clarissa Ferrari
Summary: The study validated the Italian version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES-IT) in a population of patients with different psychiatric disorders. The results showed good internal consistency, stability, and convergent reliability of the DSES-IT, indicating its utility in distinguishing between patient groups.
JOURNAL OF RELIGION & HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Marta Bortoletto, Domenica Veniero, Petro Julkunen, Julio C. Hernandez-Pavon, Tuomas P. Mutanen, Agnese Zazio, Chiara Bagattini
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ilkka J. Rissanen, Victor H. Souza, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Lari M. Koponen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: Objective: This work aims to design manufacturable windings for TMS coils with fine control over the E-field distributions. Methods: A new mTMS coil design workflow is introduced with increased flexibility and faster computations. Custom constraints are incorporated to ensure accurate reproduction of target E-fields with feasible winding densities. Results: Applying constraints reduced current densities to target values and yielded winding paths suitable for predefined wire diameter and currents while replicating target E-fields. Conclusion: The developed method allows design of manufacturable mTMS transducers with increased control over induced E-field distribution, opening new possibilities for research and clinical TMS.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Franca Tecchio, Federica Giambattistelli, Camillo Porcaro, Carlo Cottone, Tuomas P. Mutanen, Vittorio Pizzella, Laura Marzetti, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Fabrizio Vernieri, Paolo Maria Rossini
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of disability due to its motor and cognitive effects. It is crucial to understand the changes in the brain during the early stages of stroke in order to target rehabilitation procedures effectively. This study investigated the excitability properties of the primary motor cortex in stroke patients and found relevant changes in both TMS-evoked potentials and motor-evoked responses. The results suggest an overexcitable lesioned hemisphere in the acute phase, which may affect intracortical inhibitory networks and hinder recovery from stroke sequelae.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julio C. Hernandez-Pavon, Domenica Veniero, Til Ole Bergmann, Paolo Belardinelli, Marta Bortoletto, Silvia Casarotto, Elias P. Casula, Faranak Farzan, Matteo Fecchio, Petro Julkunen, Elisa Kallioniemi, Pantelis Lioumis, Johanna Metsomaa, Carlo Miniussi, Tuomas P. Mutanen, Lorenzo Rocchi, Nigel C. Rogasch, Mouhsin M. Shafi, Hartwig R. Siebner, Gregor Thut, Christoph Zrenner, Ulf Ziemann, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to study cortical reactivity and connectivity. The lack of standardization in equipment, data collection, and analysis methods poses challenges in the field. This review provides methodological recommendations for effective TMS-EEG recordings and analysis, aiming to promote standardization across research groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Luca Battaglini, Clara Casco, Anna Fertonani, Carlo Miniussi, Michele Di Ponzio, Michele Vicovaro
Summary: Stochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon where the addition of random noise to a weak stimulus enhances signal detectability. This study aimed to uncover the specific mechanism of the SR-like phenomenon in motion perception and determine its impact on network efficiency and single neuron efficiency. The results showed that both external and neural noise played a role in producing the SR-like phenomenon, with changes in peak performance observed with different noise levels and electrical stimulation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diego Milardovich, Victor H. Souza, Ivan Zubarev, Sergei Tugin, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Claudia Bigoni, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Juuso T. Korhonen, Dogu B. Aydogan, Pantelis Lioumis, Nima Taherinejad, Tibor Grasser, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: The study developed a deep learning-based algorithm, DELMEP, to automate the estimation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) latency. The algorithm has low computational cost, allowing real-time MEP characterization, and shows high accuracy. This makes it a promising option for artificial intelligence-based personalized clinical applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Pieramico, Roberto Guidotti, Aino E. Nieminen, Antea D'Andrea, Alessio Basti, Victor H. Souza, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Pantelis Lioumis, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Gian Luca Romani, Vittorio Pizzella, Laura Marzetti
Summary: Co-registration of TMS and EEG enables non-invasive exploration of brain circuits. TMS induces brain activation by generating a properly oriented electric field using an applied coil, while EEG measures the effects of the stimulation on brain electrical activity. This combined approach allows the investigation of brain connectivity and the modulation of functional connectivity intensity by altering the orientation of the electric field.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riccardo Bertaccini, Giuseppe Ippolito, Luca Tarasi, Agnese Zazio, Antonietta Stango, Marta Bortoletto, Vincenzo Romei
Summary: Multisensory integration is crucial for adaptive behavior, and individuals with clinical impairments, especially hallucinations, show significant deficits in this domain. Interestingly, even healthy individuals can experience altered cross-modal interactions during tasks like the Sound-Induced Flash-Illusion (SIFI). The speed of occipital alpha rhythms (IAF) has been linked to the temporal dynamics of the SIFI, with faster oscillations leading to shorter windows of experiencing the illusion.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Renan H. Matsuda, Victor H. Souza, Petrus N. Kirsten, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Oswaldo Baffa
Summary: In this study, a Python markerless head tracker neuronavigation software called MarLe is introduced and released, which uses computer-vision techniques and low-cost cameras to estimate the head pose and track the patient's head and TMS coil based on individual brain images. MarLe achieves real-time tracking of the patient's head without the need for any markers, and the combination of face detection and a coregistration algorithm overcomes the concerns caused by marker displacement in nTMS. MarLe improves the reliability, simplifies the protocol and reduces the intervention time of brain techniques like nTMS.
PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Giacomo Guidali, Agnese Zazio, Delia Lucarelli, Eleonora Marcantoni, Antonietta Stango, Guido Barchiesi, Marta Bortoletto
Summary: This study investigates the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters on evoked potentials (TEPs) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP). The results show that TMS parameters significantly affect the amplitude, latency, and replicability of M1-P15 TEPs. The study highlights the importance of controlling stimulation parameters for stable single-subject measurements and developing connectivity biomarkers from TEPs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Silvia Fostinelli, Clarissa Ferrari, Ramona De Amicis, Valentina Giustizieri, Alessandro Leone, Simona Bertoli, Alberto Battezzati, Giuliano Binetti, Stefano F. Cappa
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between nutrition and cognitive performance in a frail elderly population in Northern Italy. It found that individuals with a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet had better cognitive performance.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.
