Temporally resolved neural dynamics underlying handwriting

How do the temporal dynamics of neural activity encode highly coordinated visual-motor behaviour? To capture the millisecond-resolved neural activations associated with fine visual-motor skills, we devised a co-registration system to simultaneously record electroencephalogram and handwriting kinematics while participants were performing four handwriting tasks (writing in Chinese/English scripts with their dominant/non-dominant hand). The neural activation associated with each stroke was clearly identified with a well-structured and reliable pattern. The functional significance of this pattern was validated by its significant associations with language, hand and the cognitive stages and kinematics of handwriting. Furthermore, the handwriting rhythmicity was found to be synchronised to the brain's ongoing theta oscillation, and the synchronisation was associated with the factor of language and hand. These major findings imply an implication between motor skill formation and the interplay between the rhythms in the brain and the peripheral systems.

Automated summary

The study revealed a specific pattern of neural activation associated with visual-motor behavior, which was significantly linked to language, hand, cognitive stages, and kinematics of handwriting. Additionally, the rhythmicity of handwriting was found to be synchronized with the brain's theta oscillation, with associations to language and hand factors. This suggests a relationship between motor skill formation and the interaction between brain rhythms and peripheral systems.