Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Biswanath Dinda, Manikarna Dinda, Subhajit Dinda, Utpal Chandra De
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has severely impacted healthcare systems globally. Current antiviral drugs and vaccines have limited efficacy against emerging variants of the virus, highlighting the urgent need for new treatments. This review discusses the potential of flavonoids baicalein and baicalin, derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, Oroxylum indicum, and other plants, in inhibiting viral infection and modulating immune responses to prevent inflammation and organ injury. Formulations enhancing the oral bioavailability of baicalein and baicalin have been explored, but their safety and effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2-infected animals are yet to be evaluated. Further research is needed to evaluate their potential for use in clinical trials for COVID-19 patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Myriam Merarchi, Namrata Dudha, Bhudev C. Das, Manoj Garg
Summary: The passage discusses the replication and release mechanism of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 after invading human cells, as well as some known drug targets and potentially effective natural compounds. It also mentions some potential drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alessandra Amendola, Gloria Garoffolo, Paola Songia, Roberta Nardacci, Silvia Ferrari, Giacomo Bernava, Paola Canzano, Veronika Myasoedova, Francesca Colavita, Concetta Castilletti, Giuseppe Sberna, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Mauro Piacentini, Marco Agrifoglio, Gualtiero Ivanoe Colombo, Paolo Poggio, Maurizio Pesce
Summary: The study found that cardiac stromal cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and produce variable viral yields, potentially leading to cardiac injury and explaining the high number of complications observed in severe COVID-19 cases.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Peng Pi, Zhipeng Zeng, Liqing Zeng, Bing Han, Xizhe Bai, Shousheng Xu
Summary: COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a major crisis caused by the virus, and there are still many questions about its pathogenesis and treatment. Recent studies suggest that the effect of COVID-19 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition may be a key factor driving pulmonary fibrosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evangelos Karatzas, Andrea C. Kakouri, George Kolios, Alex Delis, George M. Spyrou
Summary: Fibrotic diseases encompass a range of systemic and organ-specific conditions affecting a significant portion of the population without a cure. Research suggests captopril and ibuprofen may slow the progression of fibrotic diseases, while nafcillin and memantine require further experimentation. Oral Submucous Fibrosis, with cardiomyopathy-related pathways highlighted, should undergo more digoxin testing. Additionally, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis shares common genes and pathways with other related diseases, advocating for shared treatment approaches.
Review
Immunology
Shengman Yu, Xiaoyan Li, Zhuoyuan Xin, Liyuan Sun, Jingwei Shi
Summary: In this review, the proteomic studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized, providing insights into viral particles and host entry factors from a protein perspective, as well as analyzing protein pathological changes following host infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Weizheng Liang, Xiushen Li, Hao Wang, Kechao Nie, Qingxue Meng, Junli He, Chunfu Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of puerarin in the treatment of patients with EHF/SARS-CoV-2 using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. The results suggest that puerarin may reduce excessive immune responses and inflammation through the regulation of NF-B, TNF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David M. Dolivo, Charlotte R. Reed, Kristine A. Gargiulo, Adrian E. Rodrigues, Robert D. Galiano, Thomas A. Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong
Summary: Fibrosis is a common pathological repair process in organs, but there is a lack of effective therapeutic methods. Repurposing existing drugs, such as statins, can be a complementary strategy to treat tissue fibrosis. Statins have been found to have anti-fibrotic effects through various mechanisms, and a better understanding of these effects can aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hossam Waleed Almadhoon, Aboalmagd Hamdallah, Sarah Makram Elsayed, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Hagrass, Mohammed Tarek Hasan, Aya Mamdouh Fayoud, Mohammed Al-Kafarna, Mohammad Elbahnasawy, Fadel Alqatati, Khaled Mohamed Ragab, Mohamed Sayed Zaazouee, Elfatih A. Hasabo
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that influenza vaccination may reduce the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. The study found a significant reduction in the risk of mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 patients who received the influenza vaccine. However, there were no statistically significant differences in mortality rate, hospital admissions, and intensive care admissions between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Further research is encouraged due to limitations in the data and the regular updates of the influenza vaccine.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristian-Mihail Niculae, Adriana Hristea, Ruxandra Moroti
Summary: COVID-19 is often associated with pulmonary thrombotic events, especially in hospitalized patients, due to the proinflammatory state and disbalance in hemostasis caused by severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and the complement system play key roles in immunothrombosis, damaging endothelial cells and inducing proinflammatory and procoagulant positive feedback loops. COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, platelets, red blood cells, and coagulation pathways contribute to the inflammation-endotheliopathy-thrombosis axis. The hypothesis of immunothrombosis is supported by imaging data showing peripheral blood clots associated with inflammatory lesions and the high incidence of thrombotic events despite routine thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Scarleth Aburto, Mischka Cisterna, Javiera Acuna, Camila Ruiz, Sharon Viscardi, Jose Luis Marquez, Ines Villano, Pablo Letelier, Neftali Guzman
Summary: This review examines the relationship between obesity and COVID-19, finding that obesity is a risk factor for increased severity and mortality from the disease. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed on a cellular and molecular level.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jasimuddin Ahamed, Jeffrey Laurence
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals may suffer from a multi-organ disorder known as "long COVID" or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). The pathophysiology is unknown and there are no standard treatments available. Acute COVID-19 and PASC have different clinical characteristics, with acute COVID-19 being associated with systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and comorbidities, while these features are less prominent in PASC. The involvement of microvascular endotheliopathy and autoimmune responses in PASC is suggested, along with the reactivation of latent pathogens and microvascular thrombosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Praveen Weeratunga, David R. Moller, Ling-Pei Ho
Summary: This article examines the immune findings in fibrotic sarcoidosis and proposes a unified mechanism for the pathobiology of fibrosis in sarcoidosis.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hongyu Gao, Shuning Wang, Hanying Duan, Yushi Wang, Hui Zhu
Summary: This study utilizes bioinformatics tools to investigate the close genetic relationship between COVID-19 and GBS for the first time. Several genes, including CAMP, LTF, DEFA1B, SAMD9, GBP1, DDX60, DEFA4, and OAS3, are identified as the most significant interacting genes between COVID-19 and GBS. The NOD-like receptors signaling pathway is believed to be essential in linking COVID-19 and GBS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chiara Giacomelli, Rebecca Piccarducci, Laura Marchetti, Chiara Romei, Claudia Martini
Summary: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development, with SARS-CoV-2 virus being associated with ARDS and PF development. Understanding PF etiology is necessary for developing effective therapeutic strategies, and COVID-19 pathology presents an opportunity for this.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Yi Xin She, Qing Yang Yu, Xiao Xiao Tang
Summary: Interleukins play a crucial role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting multiple interleukins with different functions or combining with other therapies may be a future direction. Timing of intervention and understanding the roles of interleukins at different stages are critical for therapeutic strategies.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kui Miao Deng, Xiang Sheng Yang, Qun Luo, Yi Xin She, Qing Yang Yu, Xiao Xiao Tang
Summary: Th9 cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPF, promoting pulmonary fibrosis by promoting fibroblast differentiation and Th2 cell development. Neutralizing IL-9 can ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting Th9-based immunotherapy as a potential treatment strategy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ni Zhao Wang, Xiang Sheng Yang, Jing Sun, Jin Cun Zhao, Nan Shan Zhong, Xiao Xiao Tang
Summary: This study evaluated the dynamics of lung responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection through transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analysis of lung tissues from a mouse model. The results showed the fluctuation of host responses and the alternation of signaling pathways and kinases regulating networks at different phases of infection. The study highlighted molecules and signaling pathways that could guide future investigations on COVID-19 therapies.
Article
Oncology
Zhaoni Wang, Xiangsheng Yang, Xin Xu, Qingyang Yu, Yang Peng, Jianxing He, Nanshan Zhong, Xiao Xiao Tang
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Peng, Shi-ying Chen, Zhao-ni Wang, Zi-qing Zhou, Jing Sun, Gui-an Zhang, Jia Li, Lei Wang, Jin-cun Zhao, Xiao Xiao Tang, De-Yun Wang, Nan-shan Zhong
Summary: Repurposing existing drugs, such as dicoumarol (DCM), as a potential inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in airway epithelial cells (AECs) has been found to have potent antiviral activity against Omicron variants. Early treatment of DCM can effectively inhibit Omicron replication in AECs, and the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a known DCM target, is correlated with disease severity and virus copy levels. DCM treatment disrupts signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes and can help formulate novel treatment strategies for COVID-19.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
