Article
Immunology
Ryunosuke Muro, Tomoya Narita, Takeshi Nitta, Hiroshi Takayanagi
Summary: We demonstrate that Syk plays a critical role in the early development of γδT cells, as well as in the differentiation of γδT17 cells. Loss of Syk leads to arrested development of γδT cells and a subsequent loss of γδT17 cells, resulting in protection against γδT17-dependent psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Pedro M. Rodrigues, Laura G. Sousa, Chiara Perrod, Ana R. Maceiras, Pedro Ferreirinha, Rita Pombinho, Gema Romera-Cardenas, Maria Gomez-Lazaro, Meryem Senkara, Jelena Pistolic, Didier Cabanes, Ludger Klein, Paul Saftig, Nuno L. Alves
Summary: Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are crucial for T cell development. This study reveals that lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) is highly expressed in cortical TECs (cTECs) and plays a role in autophagy and lysosomal processes. Genetic inactivation of Lamp2 in cTECs impairs the development of CD4 T cells without directing MHC II-restricted cells into the CD8 lineage. The findings suggest that LAMP2 is important for the generation of selecting self-peptides:MHC II complexes in cTECs.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johannes B. Huppa, Gerhard J. Schuetz
Summary: T-cell antigen recognition is affected by tensile forces, which reduce the lifetime of stable stimulatory TCR-pMHC interactions more than less stable non-stimulatory TCR-pMHC interactions. The authors propose that forces hinder rather than enhance T-cell antigen discrimination, which is facilitated by force-shielding within the immunological synapse through cell adhesion via CD2/CD58 and LFA-1/ICAM-1.
Review
Immunology
Matthew Clark, Charles J. Kroger, Qi Ke, Roland M. Tisch
Summary: TCR signaling plays a crucial role in the development of T cells and the formation of self-reactive T cells, particularly in type 1 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Guillem Sanchez Sanchez, Yohannes Tafesse, Maria Papadopoulou, David Vermijlen
Summary: While gamma delta T cells are present in all vertebrates, the genetic loci involved in the generation of the gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR) are not conserved, leading to species-specific gamma delta T cells. This lack of conservation is exemplified by the absence of the human phosphoantigen-reactive Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell subset in mice. The development of murine gamma delta thymocyte cells has been well-studied, but less is known about the development of human gamma delta T cells. This review explores the generation of gamma delta waves in the human fetal thymus and discusses their possible significance.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kerry Marie Goodman, Phinikoula S. Katsamba, Rotem Rubinstein, Goran Ahlsen, Fabiana Bahna, Seetha Mannepalli, Hanbin Dan, Rosemary Sampogna, Lawrence Shapiro, Barry Honig, Kang Shen
Summary: Research shows that clustered protocadherins play a crucial role in neuronal self-/nonself-discrimination, with their cis interactions being promiscuous but favoring heterologous dimers, while trans homophilic interactions are remarkably precise. The findings provide insights into the function of cPcdhs in neuronal self-/nonself-discrimination.
Review
Immunology
David Granadier, Lorenzo Iovino, Sinead Kinsella, Jarrod A. Dudakov
Summary: The diversity of the T cell receptor repertoire in the thymus is crucial for immune responses against pathogens and malignancies, but thymic function is sensitive to negative stimuli such as acute insult or chronic damage. These insults can lead to decreased immune responses, highlighting the importance of maintaining thymic function for overall immune health.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Takako Saito, Hitoshi Sawada
Summary: Fertilization, a crucial event in generating new life, involves complex processes in marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis. The self-incompatibility system in these hermaphroditic animals helps prevent inbreeding depression.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Antonella Cardinale, Carmen Dolores De Luca, Franco Locatelli, Enrico Velardi
Summary: The recognition and immune response against tumor antigens by T cells depends on the diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, which can be impaired by immunological insults and aging-related decline in thymus function. Manipulating thymic function to enhance anti-tumor immunity is crucial in improving response to cancer immunotherapy, especially checkpoint blockade therapy. The limited response rate to checkpoint blockade therapy may be linked to suboptimal TCR repertoire in cancer patients prior to therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Peter A. Bretscher
Summary: This article discusses the importance of increased investment in science and the challenges faced in the field. It uses immunology as a case study to highlight the presence of paradoxes within accepted frameworks and proposes methods to resolve them. The article emphasizes the significance of addressing paradoxes in immune response regulation and in the broader fields of science philosophy and policy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuanyuan Liu, Shuai Chen, Simon Liu, Kevin L. Wallace, Marietta Zille, Jiewen Zhang, Jian Wang, Chao Jiang
Summary: Stroke is a severe and life-threatening disease that requires more research on new treatment strategies. Infiltrated T lymphocytes play a crucial role in post-stroke inflammation and have conflicting roles as therapeutic targets. Understanding the mechanisms of the adaptive immune response associated with T lymphocytes is essential for developing effective treatments.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aldo Borroto, Balbino Alarcon, Maria N. Navarro
Summary: T gamma delta 17 cells play a key role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The role of TCR signaling in the generation and function of T gamma delta 17 cells is not fully understood. The intact CD3 epsilon-PRS sequence is required for optimal differentiation and pathogenic function of T gamma delta 17 cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joachim Hanna, Flavio Beke, Louise M. O'Brien, Chrysa Kapeni, Hung-Chang Chen, Valentina Carbonaro, Alexander B. Kim, Kamal Kishore, Timon E. Adolph, Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt, Karsten Skjoedt, Marc de la Roche, Maike de la Roche
Summary: The study implicates Hedgehog signaling in Th17 polarization and intestinal immunopathology, suggesting the potential therapeutic use of Hedgehog inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria Luisa Chiusano, Guido Incerti, Chiara Colantuono, Pasquale Termolino, Emanuela Palomba, Francesco Monticolo, Giovanna Benvenuto, Alessandro Foscari, Alfonso Esposito, Lucia Marti, Giulia de Lorenzo, Isaac Vega-Munoz, Martin Heil, Fabrizio Carteni, Giuliano Bonanomi, Stefano Mazzoleni
Summary: Recent research has shown that extracellular DNA has inhibitory effects on the growth of conspecific individuals in plants, with cells being able to distinguish self from nonself DNA. Exposure to self-DNA limits cell permeability and affects chloroplast functioning, while exposure to nonself-DNA triggers a hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance. These findings suggest complex cascades of events in response to extracellular self- or nonself-DNA, which are discussed in the context of DAMP and PAMP responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andre Geremia Parise, Suzana Chiari Bertoli, Gustavo Maia Souza
Summary: Plant-plant interactions such as competition or facilitation between seedlings can have significant effects on their establishment and development. This study demonstrated that shoot parameters were the most affected by belowground plant-plant interactions under various environmental conditions, and no evidence of competition was found, especially under restrictive conditions. This supports the stress-gradient hypothesis, indicating that differences in plants under stressful conditions can lead to facilitative interactions.
PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR
(2021)