Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jean-Francois Vigier, Daniel Freis, Olaf Walter, Oliver Dieste Blanco, Daniel Bouexiere, Evelyn Zuleger, Natalia Palina, Tonya Vitova, Rudy J. M. Konings, Karin Popa
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful production of homogeneous nanocrystalline particles of mixed actinide oxide solid solutions containing americium. The nanocrystals were characterized and studied for their structure and behavior under self-irradiation. The results showed that the as-synthesized nanoparticles had smaller crystallographic swelling compared to the sintered products.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Daniel Glueckman, Francesca Quinto, Karin Hain, Claudia Joseph, Vanessa Montoya, Peter Steier, Horst Geckeis
Summary: The geochemistry of actinides under reducing conditions in a deep geological nuclear waste repository is characterized by low solubility and strong sorption to mineral surfaces. This study used accelerator mass spectrometry as an analytical method to quantify actinide migration at ultra-trace levels and to determine diffusion profiles of multiple actinides simultaneously. The results showed a decrease in count rates for high-matrix clay rock samples compared to low-matrix standard solutions, indicating a reduction in the sputter rate of actinide nuclides in the AMS ion source.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Michael R. Savina, Brett H. Isselhardt, Reto Trappitsch
Summary: The study analyzed spent nuclear fuel samples for actinide isotopic composition using resonance ionization mass spectrometry, finding differences in actinide concentrations and isotope distributions between the core and near-edge regions of fuel pellets due to the skin effect caused by variations in neutron energy spectra. The ability to estimate the enhancement in Pu concentration at the rim of the pellet was demonstrated by measuring the Pu-238/Pu-239 ratio in the presence of a 7400x excess of U-238.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Richard M. Essex, Ross W. Williams, Kayron T. Rogers, Cole R. Hexel, Tashi Parsons-Davis, Kerri C. Treinen
Summary: A highly enriched U-233 reference material was prepared and characterized for isotope dilution mass spectrometry spike. Through ion exchange separation and specific analytical methods, trace amounts of contaminants were effectively reduced, leading to improved accuracy and precision in mass spectrometry analysis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paul Dutheil, Jussi Paatero, Ilia Rodushkin, Timo Sundstroem, Ari-Pekka Leppanen, Susanna Salminen-Paatero
Summary: Knowledge of past anthropogenic sources of radionuclide contamination in Russian Arctic areas is essential for assessing the radioecological situation in these less-studied regions. A study was conducted on lichen and moss samples collected in the 1990s from various locations in the Russian Arctic to investigate the sources of radionuclide contamination. The study found that the main sources of Pu and U in the samples were global fallout, the Chernobyl accident, and possibly local nuclear activities.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Charlotte E. Bopp, Jakov Bolotin, Sarah G. Pati, Thomas B. Hofstetter
Summary: Monitoring stable oxygen isotope ratios provides insights into fundamental processes in bio(geo)chemistry and environmental sciences. However, interference from argon can lead to overestimation of oxygen isotope signatures, requiring instrumental modifications and post-measurement corrections.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aurelie Diacre, Thomas Chalaux-Clergue, Soazig Burban, Caroline Gauthier, Amelia Hubert, Anne-Claire Humbert, Irene Lefevre, Anne-Laure Faure, Fabien Pointurier, Olivier Evrard
Summary: The Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011 resulted in the release of significant amounts of radionuclides into the environment. The Japanese authorities have gradually reopened the Difficult-To-Return Zone after decontaminating priority reconstruction areas. Research has shown that the spatial distribution of plutonium and radiocesium isotopes in the highly contaminated municipalities to the north of the power plant is varied.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ruoxi Zhang, Kenny Nadeau, Eduardo Amilcar Gautier, Paola Alejandra Babay, Jose Luis Ramella, Marian Virgolici, Andreea Elena Serban, Viorel Fugaru, Yoshiki Kimura, Celia Venchiarutti, Stephan Richter, Yetunde Aregbe, Zsolt Varga, Maria Wallenius, Klaus Mayer, Hana Seo, Jung Youn Choi, Csaba Tobi, Mostafa Fayek, Ryan Sharpe, Kyle M. Samperton, Victoria D. Genetti, Rachel E. Lindvall, Jeremy D. Inglis, Joanna S. Denton, Andrew A. Reinhard, Barbara Francisco, Xiaolei Zhao, William Kieser, Juan He, Ying Gao, Juris Meija, Ali El-Jaby, Lu Yang, Zoltan Mester
Summary: This study presents data from thirteen laboratories worldwide for the successful certification of uranium isotope ratios in uranium ore concentrate (UOC) certified reference materials. The study found significant variation in uranium isotope ratios among the three candidate UOC CRMs, with uncertainties of the proposed certified values superior to available reference materials.
GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas Piper, Nadine Haenelt, Gregor Fusshoeller, Hans Geyer, Mario Thevis
Summary: The study focused on testing strategy for detection of testosterone or its prohormones based on evaluation of urinary steroid concentrations and isotope ratio mass spectrometry confirmation. Carbon isotope ratios of main urinary metabolites were used for detection, with sulfur conjugated steroids significantly prolonging the detection time of steroid hormone administrations when individual reference ranges were applied. This approach demonstrated the exogenous source of testosterone metabolites in administration studies.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
I. N. Bindeman, M. R. Hudak, J. P. Palandri, H. Qi, R. Milovsky, R. L. Hervig, M. R. Perfit
Summary: Water and D/H ratios in silicic and basaltic glasses are used for investigating magmatic degassing and secondary hydration in mantle and crustal magmas. The use of the TC/EA mass spectrometry has made the determination of hydrogen isotopes relatively quick and precise. Developing reference materials for both types of glasses is important for inter-laboratory comparisons.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jochen Vogl
Summary: A new calibration approach has been developed to obtain absolute isotope ratios of multi-isotopic elements by comparing the instrumental isotope fractionation of different mass spectrometers. The theory was tested on Cd and Pb isotope ratios, showing results compatible with certified ratios but with a slight bias that needs improvement. The method is universal and can be applied to all elements with three or more isotopes, providing information on the fractionation process itself.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yankun Di, Evgenii Krestianinov, Sonja Zink, Yuri Amelin
Summary: High-precision measurement of Sr-84/Sr-86 variations using TIMS is crucial for understanding planetary volatile depletion history and isotopic reservoirs in the early Solar System. Discrepancies between static and multidynamic TIMS measurements indicate biases, with fractionation drift significantly affecting the Sr-84/Sr-86 ratio. Corrections for these effects reveal an accurate average mu Sr-84 value for terrestrial samples and highlight differences between standard and natural samples.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shalina C. Metzger, Benjamin T. Manard, Debra A. Bostick, Brian W. Ticknor, Kayron T. Rogers, Eddy H. McBay, David C. Glasgow, N. Alex Zirakparvar, Cole R. Hexel
Summary: Elemental and isotopic systematics of ultra-trace level actinides and main group elements in nuclear grade graphite are crucial for reactor operation and security. While analysis methods have been improved, little focus has been placed on optimizing chemical separations. This study explored methods to separate U, Pu, and Ti from graphite samples using various Eichrom cartridges, achieving precise isotope ratio measurements for titanium in all samples.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Nina Budantseva, Grigory Andreev, Marina Sokolova, Aleksander Fedoseev
Summary: Uranyl compounds and complexes of transuranium elements exhibit structural similarities, with chromate anions not showing unique structural roles compared to sulfate and selenate ions. Neptunium and plutonium chromates contain similar structural units to uranyl sulfates and selenates, and there is no clear correlation between outer-sphere cations and the topology of the structural units in actinyl complexes with tetrahedral oxoanions.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Richard M. Cox, Khadouja Harouaka, Murat Citir, P. B. Armentrout
Summary: This study investigates the reactions between CO2 and metal cations using different mass spectrometry techniques and determines important reaction parameters, such as bond dissociation energies. The results show that the reactions between CO2 and metal cations are influenced by multiple factors, such as the number of collisions, spin conservation, and energy cost.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
J. S. Denton, M. T. Murrell, S. J. Goldstein, A. J. Nunn, R. S. Amato, K. A. Hinrichs
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2013)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kimberly A. Hinrichs, Christopher M. Perfetti, Stephen P. LaMont
Summary: The Washington State University TRIGA reactor was successfully modeled and analyzed using the KENO and TSUNAMI-3D modules of the SCALE system. The model accurately simulated the behavior of different types of fuel in the reactor, and a sensitivity/uncertainty analysis was performed.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Priyanka J. Reddy, Rajesh Sankhla, Probal Chaudhury
Summary: This study is of great importance for conducting H-3 contamination screening. The calibration curves constructed based on optimized parameters can accurately determine H-3 concentration in various water samples.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rafael Campos de Oliveira, Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Filho, Rubens Martins Moreira, Eliana Nonato Knupp
Summary: This study quantitatively and spatially evaluated the leachate plume from the Belo Horizonte landfill and found that the leachate contained significantly higher levels of tritium compared to rainfall. The tritium was transported towards the Coqueiros stream, with higher concentration close to the landfill slope. The study also identified factors that contribute to higher tritium levels in certain areas, such as the denser character of the leachate and the presence of rock near the surface.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
T. E. Kozhakhanov, N. V. Larionova, S. N. Lukashenko, Zh. A. Baigazinov, A. M. Kabdyrakova, A. Ye. Kunduzbayeva
Summary: The paper presents the results of a long-term experiment on fruit and berry crops grown in conditions of radioactive contamination. The study aims to understand how different species of trees and shrubs accumulate artificial radionuclides, focusing on their absorption through roots from soil. The findings show that the radionuclides are not evenly distributed among the plant organs, with leaves having higher concentrations than branches and fruits. The study also provides quantitative parameters for the transfer and distribution of specific radionuclides in different parts of the crops.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yayra Afram, Godwin Amenorpe, Elvis Asare Bediako, Alfred A. Darkwa, Isaac Kodzo Amegbor
Summary: This study evaluated the response of maize genotypes to gamma radiation and determined an effective dosage for mutation breeding. The results showed a decrease in the growth and plant characteristics of maize with increasing gamma radiation doses.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Angelica Vergara Wasserman, Aline Gonzalez Viana, Michele Maria da Silva, Flavia Bartoly, Tatiane Rocha Pereira, Ronaldo Janvrot Vivone, Ana Cristina de Melo Ferreira, Daniel Vidal Perez
Summary: Public concerns about environmental protection have increased since the Fukushima accident. The soil-plant transfer factor (Fv) is an important parameter for environmental risk assessment. The study investigates the behavior of 90Sr in Brazilian soils and finds that a significant portion of 90Sr remains potentially mobile, mainly in the bioavailable phase. The behavior of 90Sr in these soils is influenced by ionic competition mechanisms and the presence of stable Sr and major nutrients. The mineralogy of the soils also plays a role in the transfer of 90Sr.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. Pavlenko, V. Yoschenko, M. Hrechaniuk, T. Wada, V. Kashparov
Summary: Activity concentrations of 90Sr in fish in lakes within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone exceed permissible levels, and transferring contaminated fish to clean water does not effectively reduce 90Sr content. Establishing permissible levels of 90Sr concentration only in fish fillet is appropriate for human radiation protection.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2024)