Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Flavius-Alexandru Gherasie, Mihaela-Roxana Popescu, Daniela Bartos
Summary: Peripheral artery disease is associated with devastating complications, including limb amputations and acute limb ischemia. Thrombosis plays a significant role in atherosclerosis, leading to acute coronary syndrome. However, two-thirds of acute limb ischemia cases are not associated with significant atherosclerosis. Peripheral artery disease without myocardial infarction/stroke has a higher cardiovascular mortality rate compared to myocardial infarction/stroke without peripheral artery disease. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the disparities in pathophysiology and mortality between acute coronary syndrome with and without peripheral artery disease.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Cynthia St Hilaire
Summary: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 200 million individuals worldwide. This review focuses on PAD in lower-extremity arteries. PAD can cause pain, skin issues, ulcers, critical limb ischemia, and a high risk of amputation. Nonatherosclerotic medial arterial calcification (MAC) is also a significant contributor to PAD.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mario Enrico Canonico, Raffaele Piccolo, Marisa Avvedimento, Attilio Leone, Salvatore Esposito, Anna Franzone, Giuseppe Giugliano, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Connie N. Hess, Scott D. Berkowitz, Judith Hsia, Plinio Cirillo, Giovanni Esposito, Marc P. Bonaca
Summary: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, mainly driven by atherothrombosis. The heterogeneity of PAD patients is represented by different pathophysiology, clinical features, and antithrombotic strategies. The lack of clinical data specific to PAD patients highlights the need for tailored antithrombotic therapy. This review aims to analyze atherothrombotic disease features and current evidence of antithrombotic management in PAD patients.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giacomo Buso, Elisabetta Faggin, Nathalie Rosenblatt-Velin, Maxime Pellegrin, Silvia Galliazzo, Luca Calanca, Marcello Rattazzi, Lucia Mazzolai
Summary: In recent years, the role of neutrophils in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received increasing attention. Neutrophils have been found to play a role in the initiation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. While there has been extensive research on the role of neutrophils in coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases, there is limited information available on their role in peripheral artery disease (PAD). This review aims to summarize the current understanding of neutrophil biology, their role in atherosclerosis, and the available evidence on their role in PAD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nikolaos P. E. Kadoglou, Emmanouil Korakas, Christos Karkos, Eirini Maratou, Ioannis Kanonidis, Panagiotis Plotas, Nikolaos Papanas, Paraskevi Moutsatsou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Vaia Lambadiari
Summary: High levels of RBP4 and low levels of adiponectin are independently associated with the presence of PAD, with RBP4 serving as an independent predictor of MACE incidence in symptomatic PAD patients.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anders Gottsaeter
Summary: This review focuses on the rationale for recommendations on antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment in PAD patients, suggesting different medication treatment plans for patients with different symptoms, and the need to weigh the pros and cons based on individual circumstances.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nikolaos P. E. Kadoglou, Dimitrios Kapetanios, Emmanouil Korakas, Georgia Valsami, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Nikolaos Papanas, Vaia Lambadiari, Christos Karkos
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN) levels and adverse outcomes after endovascular revascularization in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Baseline high levels of OPG and OPN were independently associated with the presence of PAD, but their prognostic role in adverse cardiovascular events needs further clarification.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jonathan Golledge
Summary: This article summarizes recent research on treatment targets for peripheral artery disease (PAD)-related limb ischemia. The current treatments for PAD have limitations and complications, and new therapies including exercise programs, drugs, stem cell treatments, and RNA therapeutics are being developed and tested. Multiple clinical trials are expected to provide results within the next 5 years.
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Juline N. Deppen, Sydney C. Ginn, Na Hee Kim, Lanfang Wang, Ronald J. Voll, Steven H. Liang, Mark M. Goodman, John N. Oshinski, Rebecca D. Levit
Summary: A large animal model suitable for assessing the efficacy of therapies for peripheral artery disease (PAD) was established by creating sustained gait dysfunction and other quantifiable ischemic limb symptoms through ligating different arteries. The visualization of genetically engineered porcine mesenchymal stromal cells post-administration was achieved. These findings provide a new platform for improving the clinical translational success of PAD therapies.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Agastya D. Belur, Aangi J. Shah, Salim S. Virani, Mounica Vorla, Dinesh K. Kalra
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a disease that causes plaque formation and significantly impacts the global rates of cardiovascular diseases. Peripheral artery disease is a common condition that leads to loss of mobility and amputation. This paper reviews the role of lipid-lowering therapies in lower extremity atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Derek Klarin, Philip S. Tsao, Scott M. Damrauer
Summary: Peripheral artery disease is a common and complex disease with both environmental and genetic determinants. Recent advances in genetic analysis have focused on identifying disease genes, rare variant and structural variant analysis, and the inclusion of individuals with diverse genetic ancestries in future studies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
David H. Truong, Anthony K. Ngoo, Shirling Tsai, Anna K. Yang, Dane K. Wukich, Lawrence A. Lavery
Summary: A retrospective review of patients who underwent transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) and had an angiogram or computed tomography angiography (CTA) perioperatively at the Dallas VA Medical Center from 2010 to 2020 found that the success rate of TMA is crucial as it determines the need for a major amputation in the future.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, Anny Camelo-Castillo, Inmaculada Ramirez-Macias, Pablo Gil-Perez, Cecilia Lopez-Garcia, Maria Asuncion Esteve-Pastor, Esteban Orenes-Pinero, Antonio Tello-Montoliu, Francisco Marin
Summary: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is often underestimated and undertreated, leading to dysregulated procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic pathways in patients. The combination of antiplatelets and anticoagulants has emerged as a potential alternative to antiplatelets alone, showing promising results in reducing cardiovascular outcomes without increasing bleeding risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppe De Matteis, Federico Biscetti, Davide Antonio Della Polla, Amato Serra, Maria Livia Burzo, Mariella Fuorlo, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Angela Novelli, Angelo Santoliquido, Giovanni Gambassi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Andrea Flex, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Covino
Summary: This study aimed to describe sex-based differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes among hospitalized patients affected by peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The study found that although there were some differences between sexes among PAD patients, gender did not significantly affect the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse limb events (MALEs). However, among these patients, males were more likely to experience adverse clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Connie N. Hess, E. Sebastian Debus, Mark R. Nehler, Sonia S. Anand, Manesh R. Patel, Michael Szarek, Warren H. Capell, Judith Hsia, Joshua A. Beckman, Marianne Brodmann, Rafael Diaz, Peter Habertheuer, Nicholas J. Leeper, Richard J. Powell, Henrik Sillesen, Eva Muehlhofer, Scott D. Berkowitz, Lloyd P. Haskell, Rupert M. Bauersachs, Marc P. Bonaca
Summary: Patients with PAD undergoing LER were randomized to receive rivaroxaban or placebo in addition to low-dose aspirin. Rivaroxaban reduced the risk of ALI events, including those associated with the most severe outcomes, compared to placebo.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jake Cotton, Daniel W. Groves, Daniel Vargas, Justin Morrison, Aken Desai, Jessica Y. Rove
Summary: This article reviews the use of advanced imaging techniques and a multidisciplinary heart team approach in evaluating complex cardiac structural pathology. The results show that cardiac computed tomography angiography, in addition to transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, has an impact on pre-procedural planning and procedural success.
JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY
(2022)