Triglyceride-Glucose Index as a Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nondiabetic Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Aim: The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is proposed as a surrogate parameter for insulin resistance (IR) and, when elevated, is related to increased cardiovascular risks. Whether the TyG index is of great value in predicting adverse prognosis for individuals diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), who received elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and without recognized diabetes remains unclear. Methods: Overall, 1,510 subjects diagnosed with NSTE-ACS, who received elective PCI, and without recognized diabetes were enrolled in the current study. All participants received a routine follow-up after discharge. The TyG index was obtained from the following equation: napierian logarithmic (In) [fasting triglyceride (TG, mg/dL) x fasting blood glucose (FBG, mg/dL)/2]. Adverse cardiovascular events included all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal ischemic stroke, and ischemia-driven revascularization, composite of which was defined as the primary endpoint. Results: Overall, 316 (20.9%) endpoint events were documented during a 48-month follow-up. Despite adjusting for confounding variates, the TyG index remains to be a significant risk predictor for the primary endpoint, with a hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 2.433 (1.853-3.196) (P<0.001). A significant enhancement on the predictive performance for the primary endpoint emerged when adding the TyG index into a baseline model [area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), 0.835 for baseline model vs. 0.853 for baseline model + TyG index, P < 0.001; net reclassification improvement (NRI), 0.194, P< 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), 0.023, P = 0.007]. Conclusions: The TyG index is an independent risk predictor for adverse cardiovascular events in nondiabetic subjects diagnosed with NSTE-ACS and who received elective PCI. Further prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.

Automated summary

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is an independent risk predictor for adverse cardiovascular events in nondiabetic subjects diagnosed with NSTE-ACS who received elective PCI. Further prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.