Characteristics of dermatomyositis patients with and without associated malignancy

Background: Dermatomyositis belongs to the rare idiopathic, inflammatory myositis group. A previously postulated link between some cases of dermatomyositis and malignancy has been established in recent years. Criteria suggestive of a malignancy association are still being explored. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 63 patients with dermatomyositis over a period of 15 years. Results: The following criteria argue for cancer-associated dermatomyositis: older age (> 52 years [P = 0.001], > 65 years [P = 0.002], >= 75 y ears [P = 0.002]), shorter time between manifestation and diagnosis of dermatomyositis (malignancy group: 59 days vs. non-malignancy group: 137 days [P = 0.022]), typical skin involvement such as Gottron sign (P = 0.045), centrofacial erythema (P = 0.036) and typical erythema on the upper arms and forearms (P = 0.019), oropharyngeal involvement (P = 0.015) and increased ALT (P = 0.031). The following criteria argue for non-cancer-associated dermatomyositis: younger age (<= 52 years [P = 0.001], 40-65 years [P = 0.045]) and pruritus (P = 0.026). Conclusions: The aforementioned criteria have been documented in the literature, but reported findings are heterogenous concerning the suitability of their markers for malignancy association. Small study populations, few prospective controlled studies, summarization of different forms of myositis and inconsistent use nomenclature contribute to biased results. Our study aims to make an important contribution toward the identification of risk factors in cancer-associated dermatomyositis.

Automated summary

The study found that older age, shorter time between onset and diagnosis, typical skin symptoms, oropharyngeal involvement, and elevated liver function markers may be associated with cancer-related dermatomyositis, while younger age and pruritus may be associated with non-cancer-related dermatomyositis. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and standardize criteria for malignancy association.