Review
Oncology
Sijin Li, Han Zhang, Yao Sun
Summary: Primary cilia play crucial roles in hard tissue development and remodeling, with mutations potentially leading to diseases. They act as sensors of external stimuli, regulating bone homeostasis and affecting key signaling pathways during hard tissue development through intraflagellar transport.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Liuyi Xiao, Junli Guo, Huan Wang, Qianxiong He, Yang Xu, Lu Yuan, Qianya Yi, Qian Zhang, Jin Wang, Shaokun Min, Menghan Zhao, Xiaorong Xin, Hui Chen
Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in conducting experiments on laser ablation of bone tissue. This study aimed to review the prognosis and thermal damage extent of past hard tissue ablation experiments and evaluate the feasibility of laser osteotomy in surgery. The review analyzed 48 literature reports, highlighting the achievement of ideal ablation rates, depth, and minimal damage to bone tissue through the optimization of laser parameters and the addition of adjuvant devices.
LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Ehsan Fallahiarezoudar, Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman, Noordin Mohd Yusof, Ani Idris, Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul Ishak
Summary: The study developed a three-dimensional scaffold for soft tissue engineering using digital light processing and ultra-hard and tough bio-resin. The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold were evaluated, and it was found that the structure with 15% wt/v TPU/UHT and 1% gamma-Fe2O3 had the highest Young's Modulus. The scaffold containing gamma-Fe2O3 had a higher degradation rate but improved cell proliferation rate.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Jingxiao Zhong, Yo Shibata
Summary: Tooth enamel and bone are mineralized tissues with mechanical strength and toughness, sharing similar chemical components and material characteristics. Nanoindentation can characterize their mechanical properties and provide insights for the development of advanced biomaterials in material science.
JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jens Brier, Friedrich Bleicher
Summary: Ultrasonic-assisted grinding (UAG) is an advanced process for machining brittle-hard materials, with advantages in reducing tool wear and process forces. The system configuration requires a resonant actuator and power supply unit connected by a contactless energy transfer system, with the optimal working point depending significantly on the tool shape. The system offers a fully variable adjustment of amplitude at a frequency range, with higher amplitudes achievable for short periods at the expense of fatigue strength.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Savani Vidana Pathiranagei, Ivan Gratchev
Summary: The severity of underground rock dynamic disasters is increasing due to the deepening of human operations underground. Understanding the thermo-mechanical behavior of rocks is important for the long-term safety and maintenance of underground tunnels and mining. This study proposed a statistical coupled thermo-mechanical constitutive model for sandstone under high temperature and pressure conditions, and validated the model using triaxial test results. The model showed good agreement with the experimental results up to 600 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yaxin Yu, Xiaoyan Ji, Sheng Dai, Dunwen Zuo, Shuquan Song
Summary: This study aimed to develop an accurate tool profile design method and digital verification approach to enhance the quality of ZC1 worms. The presented tool design method effectively avoids overcutting, and the modeling approach of worm teeth provides an intuitive verification means for tool profile design. Variable cutting parameters impact the micro-morphology but do not induce macro profile error.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE
(2023)
Article
Optics
DuiShui Yu, Yan Zhang, JianPing Zhou, DaQian Sun, HongMei Li
Summary: In this work, a new processing technology combining machine tool machining and compound welding mechanism was developed. Different stainless steel (SS) and Ti alloy were joined using mechanical joining and metallurgical joining techniques, resulting in improved joint strength through mechanical and metallurgical connections.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Fernando Notario-Perez, Araceli Martin-Illana, Raul Cazorla-Luna, Roberto Ruiz-Caro, Maria Dolores Veiga
Summary: Chitosan, a widely researched biopolymer, offers excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, making it a promising material for various surgical applications. Researchers have shown great interest in using chitosan for tissue regeneration in areas such as bone, nervous tissue, cartilage, and soft tissues. Chitosan also exhibits hemostatic properties and antimicrobial activity, making it suitable for use in dressings, surgical sutures, and meshes.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Zhenzhong Liu, Zhancheng Yao, Wenyu Jiang, Jutao Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the issue of thermal damage to bone tissue during skull drilling performed by a surgical robot. A dynamic numerical simulation model and a temperature simulation plan were established to study the relationship between drilling parameters and drilling temperature. A quadratic regression model of drill diameter, feed rate, drill speed, and drilling temperature was established based on the simulation results. The experiment verified the reliability of the conclusion, and a safety strategy was proposed to ensure the safety of the surgical drilling process.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jose A. Robles-Linares, Kieran Winter, Zhirong Liao
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of lasers with different pulse characteristics on necrotic damage and surface integrity in bone cutting, revealing that nanosecond lasers cause the largest necrotic depth while picosecond lasers produce surface cracks perpendicular to the trench direction.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Kishor Kumar Gajrani, P. S. Suvin, Satish Vasu Kailas, K. P. Rajurkar, Mamilla Ravi Sankar
Summary: The combination of rake face micro-textured cutting tool with indigenously synthesized nano-green cutting fluids under in-house developed minimum quantity cutting fluid (MQCF) environment significantly improves hard machining performance, reducing cutting forces, workpiece surface roughness, and improving chip morphology compared to untextured cutting tools.
CIRP JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kun Shao, Qunlin Zhou, Qingshan Chen, Yi Liu, Chenfang Wang, Xiang Li
Summary: Laser processing technology, as an emerging industry, has been widely used in various fields. However, traditional laser processing has limitations due to thermal damage and processing residues. Water laser compound machining is a solution to these problems, as it can absorb heat and byproducts to improve processing quality. This paper discusses three popular water laser compound machining methods and analyzes the technical difficulties, as well as future development trends of this technology.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Qihao Xu, Shenglei Xiao, Hang Gao, Hao Shen
Summary: This paper provides a precise description of the mechanism behind fibre-matrix interface debonding during milling CFRP using a multi-teeth tool. The study reveals that the feed rate and tool radius have different impacts on the debonding degree, with tool radius having a greater influence.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Yin-Yu Chang, Cheng-Hsi Chung, Zong-Hong Tsai, Jun-Ming Tsai
Summary: Transition metal nitride coatings have excellent mechanical properties. In this study, AlCrN and AlCrBN thin films were deposited using cathodic arc evaporation, and the addition of B element improved the performance and thermal stability of the films.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Lei Chen, Annie D. R. Li, Christopher Symonds, James R. Holmes, Jack W. Weick
Summary: The oscillatory drilling mode consumed more electricity than the unidirectional mode, but generated 53% less thermal energy and 23% lower peak temperature. However, oscillation led to 18% higher peak torque in the transient drilling stage and 23% shallower drilling depth. The choice of drilling mode depends on specific surgical needs to minimize bone damage.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jose A. Robles-Linares, Kieran Winter, Zhirong Liao
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of lasers with different pulse characteristics on necrotic damage and surface integrity in bone cutting, revealing that nanosecond lasers cause the largest necrotic depth while picosecond lasers produce surface cracks perpendicular to the trench direction.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ketut B. Putra, Xiaoqing Tian, Albert J. Shih
Summary: A fully soft and conformable sensor that can measure contact stresses on two-axis has been designed and fabricated using finite element analysis (FEA) and direct ink writing (DIW). The sensor consists of a silicone receptor and two microfluidic channels filled with liquid metal, with the resistance changing depending on the shear and compressive stresses. The FEA and DIW approach has been validated, and the sensor is capable of measuring shear and compressive stresses.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Jose A. Robles-Linares, Zhirong Liao, Dragos Axinte, Andres Gameros
Summary: Bone machining research is often conducted without considering the influence of internal irrigation, which is crucial for realistically simulating surgical scenarios. This study proposes a new machining and pumping setup to better mimic bone machining under surgical conditions. Results show that internal irrigation can significantly affect the properties and cutting mechanism of bone, resulting in lower cutting forces and necrosis. Additionally, internal irrigation can alter chip formation and minimize surface damage.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shusong Zan, Zhirong Liao, Jose A. Robles-Linares, Gonzalo Garcia Luna, Dragos Axinte
Summary: Metal matrix composites (MMCs) with a combination of ductile and brittle properties have been widely studied, but the cutting mechanisms of fibre reinforced MMCs are not well understood. This study investigates the cutting mechanism of a SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V MMC and reveals the extrusion of the ductile component and crack initiation of the brittle fibre during chip formation. The properties and deformation mechanisms of the matrix are found to affect the crack initiation, which can be controlled by temperature. The findings contribute to the understanding of improving cutting conditions for complex and heterogeneous structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Wenming Wei, Jose A. Robles-Linares, Zhirong Liao, Zhao Wang, Gonzalo Garcia Luna, John Billingham, Dragos Axinte
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of coolant transportation in microchannels between the cutting tool and workpiece on surface quality through a comprehensive theoretical model, and demonstrated through experiments that the cooling and lubrication effect can reduce tool wear and improve chip fragments and microstructure.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Jose A. Robles-Linares, Gonzalo Garcia Luna, Andrea la Monaca, Zhirong Liao, Mark C. Hardy
Summary: Standard techniques such as XRD and EBSD are commonly used for assessing shot peening, but they do not take into account the micromechanical behavior at a localized level. This study shows that the micromechanical effect of shot peening may be insignificant due to the pre-strained condition induced by machining. Additionally, the strengthened layer induced by shot peening may not extend as far as the depth where compressive stresses are present. Thus, micromechanics should be employed as a complementary technique for shot peening assessment of machined components.
CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Tianshu Dong, Lei Chen, Paras R. Patel, Julianna M. Richie, Cynthia A. Chestek, Albert J. Shih
Summary: The machine described in this study automates the assembly of high-density carbon fiber (HDCF) arrays, eliminating the need for manual labor and improving accuracy and repeatability. The machine includes a roller-based carbon fiber extruder, a motion system with linear and rotary stages, an imaging system with digital microscope cameras, and a laser cutter. It is capable of precisely handling carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) and accurately placing them on silicon support shanks. The use of this machine is significant for achieving fully automated HDCF array assembly and batch production.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Ying Liu, Matthew Hildner, Omkar Roy, William A. van den Bogert, James Lorenz, Maude Desroches, Kurt Koppi, Albert Shih, Ronald G. Larson
Summary: Direct ink writing is used to print various PDMS mixtures, including PDMS-fumed silica mixtures and two-part commercial liquid or vulcanizing silicone rubbers. The printability of these materials is correlated with rheological measurements, but not any single test alone. It is a combination of material strength and recoverability that determines their printability.
JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jessie Jingxuan Lyu, Yao Liu, Hitinder S. Gurm, Albert Shih, Yihao Zheng
Summary: A miniature grinding wheel was successfully fabricated for atherectomy to remove calcified plaques in coronary and peripheral arteries. The wheel was made by nickel-diamond electroplating on a thin, flexible hollow stainless steel drive shaft. Experimental validation showed that the wheel effectively removed the calcified plaque. This research could lead to a more effective and safer treatment device for lesions deep in coronary and peripheral arteries.
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
David Alatorre Troncoso, Jose A. Robles-Linares, Matteo Russo, Mohamed A. Elbanna, Samuel Wild, Xin Dong, Abdelkhalick Mohammad, James Kell, Andy D. Norton, Dragos Axinte
Summary: The maintenance of critical industrial components is often hindered by limited access and complex geometries. To overcome these limitations, a modular design with active shape control is proposed, which enables better inspection and repair opportunities.
IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dongyang Yi, Jeremiah P. Hartner, Brian S. Ung, Harrison L. Zhu, Brendon O. Watson, Lei Chen
Summary: Novel computer-aided designed and 3D printed skull cap, along with a benchtop fabrication approach, have been developed to address the fabrication and implantation challenges for microwire MEAs. These methods enable in-house design, fabrication, and implantation of customizable microwire MEAs at a lower cost and with a shorter lead time for design modifications and iterations.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)