期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
卷 31, 期 5, 页码 3506-3515出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2496551
关键词
Aggregator; electric vehicles; power markets; regulation
资金
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [1239408]
- University of Washington's Clean Energy Institute (CEI)
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [1239408] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [1239224] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
An aggregator acts as a mediator between the system operator and residential customers, enabling mutually beneficial coordination for electric vehicle (EV) owners and the power system. The aggregator aims to maximize its profits from trading energy and regulation reserve in wholesale markets. Since the aggregator does not own EV batteries, the EV owners must be reimbursed for the degradation of their batteries due to the additional cycling beyond transportation needs. This paper proposes a bidding strategy for the aggregator to maximize its profits from participating in competitive energy and different regulating reserves markets, while compensating EV owners for degradation. The results show that depending on the battery cost, the aggregator splits its resources between the energy and reserves markets. The results also show the system operator attains cost savings, if an aggregator uses EVs to provide services.
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