Trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2+advanced breast cancer

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201), an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, has shown significant clinical benefits in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients. In the phase 2 DESTINY-Breast01 trial, T-DXd demonstrated an objective response of 60.9% and median progression-free survival of 16.4 months, laying the foundation for accelerated approval in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients who have received two or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting. Moreover, T-DXd exhibited promising antitumor efficacy against HER2-low-expressing metastatic breast cancer. Its distinctive side effect was pneumonitis, with a 13.6% incidence. It is approved in the US with boxed warnings for interstitial lung disease and embryo-fetal toxicity. This review focuses on preclinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data on T-DXd and clinical evidence of its antitumor activity (both as monotherapy and in combination) and tolerability in metastatic breast cancer. Lay abstract Breast cancer can be grouped based on its HR and HER2 status. For patients with HER2+ breast cancer, treatments that fight HER2 portion are adopted. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) is a new drug that consists of two parts: a cytotoxic drug and anti-HER2 antibody. It can selectively target HER2-expressing tumor cells. In a recent clinical trial, trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated tumor shrinkage in six of ten patients. The time to increase in tumor size or death was 16 months. Its antitumor effect was also demonstrated in low-HER2-expressing breast cancer. Approximately 13% of patients experience lung inflammation following trastuzumab deruxtecan treatment. In these cases, the drug should be promptly halted and the doctor can start steroid therapy.

Automated summary

Trastuzumab deruxtecan has demonstrated significant clinical benefits in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients, with an objective response rate of 60.9% and a unique side effect of pneumonitis. It has shown promising antitumor efficacy in HER2-low-expressing metastatic breast cancer. However, caution should be taken regarding the side effects, particularly lung inflammation.